: from science … … to instrumentation
XXIII ENAA
Nuno C. Santos (CAUP), Alexandre Cabral (CAAUL/FCUL), Manuel Abreu (CAAUL/FCUL),
João Coelho (CAAUL/FCUL), Pedro Figueira (CAUP), Ricardo Gomes (CAAUL/FCUL),
Carlos Martins (CAUP), Manuel Monteiro (CAUP), Mário João Monteiro (CAUP),
António Oliveira (CAAUL/FCUL), José Rebordão (CAAUL/FCUL), Pedro Santos (CAAUL/FCUL),
Sérgio Sousa (CAUP), Gerardo Ávila (ESO), Bernard-Alexis Delabre (ESO),
Denis Mégevand (Geneva Observatory), Filippo Zerbi (INAF Brera),
Paolo Di Marcantonio (INAF Trieste), Christophe Lovis (Geneva Observatory)
2 XXIII ENAA, 18-19 July 2013, FCUL, Lisbon, Portugal
high‐efficiency, high‐resolution, fiber‐fed cross‐dispersed echelle spectrograph which can be operated with 1 or 4 UTs of ESO’s VLT
a rocky exoplantes hunter for the VLT
Echelle SPectrograph for Rocky Exoplanet and Stable Spectroscopic Observation
3 XXIII ENAA, 18-19 July 2013, FCUL, Lisbon, Portugal
4 XXIII ENAA, 18-19 July 2013, FCUL, Lisbon, Portugal
TKO 01/2011
PDR 11/2011
FDR: multiple 06/2012 - 10/2013
IRR: multiple 04/2014 - 04/2015
PAE: multiple 06/2015 - 10/2015
PAC 12/2016
FA 12/2018
5 XXIII ENAA, 18-19 July 2013, FCUL, Lisbon, Portugal
CCL
©ESO
■ ESPRESSO will be installed and operated at Paranal, in the Combined Coudé Lab and will be linked to the four 8 m Unit Telescopes
■ ESPRESSO can be operated in three modes:
■ In single high resolution (singleHR) mode or
■ In single ultra high resolution (singleUHR) mode
… light is collected from any one but only one UT.
■ In multi medium resolution (multiMR) mode
… light is collected from 2, 3 or all 4 UTs.
6 XXIII ENAA, 18-19 July 2013, FCUL, Lisbon, Portugal
■Main Science Cases
■Search for Earth-like planets orbiting solar-type stars
■Variability of physical constants (α and μ)
7 XXIII ENAA, 18-19 July 2013, FCUL, Lisbon, Portugal
■Other examples of ESPRESSO science
■ Stellar oscillations (astroseismology)
■ Chemical abundances of stars in the Galaxy and in nearby galaxies
■ Isotopes and line shifts
■ Globular clusters
■ Intergalactic medium and cosmology
■ Chemical enrichment in the IGM
■ Tomography of the IGM
■ Chemical properties of protogalaxies
■ Other Exoplanet science cases (e.g. reflection and transmission spectroscopy)
8 XXIII ENAA, 18-19 July 2013, FCUL, Lisbon, Portugal
■The search for rocky planets
■900+ extrasolar planets discovered (most with RV)
■HARPS legacy: 40-60% of stars have planets with mass below 30 MEarth
■What is the frequency and properties of rocky planets around G-K-M dwarfs?
■Can we follow-up planets discovered by new space and ground “transit” missions (e.g. TESS, PLATO2.0)?
■Can we find a population of planets for future ground or space-based life-search missions?
9 XXIII ENAA, 18-19 July 2013, FCUL, Lisbon, Portugal
■The expectations: comparing observations & models
(Mayor et al. 2011) (Mordasini et al. 2009)
observations models
rocky like
Jupiter like
Neptun like
10 XXIII ENAA, 18-19 July 2013, FCUL, Lisbon, Portugal
singleUHR singleHR multiMR
Spectral range
Blue arm: 380 – 520 nm Red arm: 520 – 780 nm
Resolving power 200’000 130’000 55’000
Aperture on sky 0.5 arcsec 1.0 arcsec 4x1.0 arcsec
Intrum. RV precision <10 cm/s <10 cm/s <1 m/s
Detector type Monolithic backside illuminated CCD with 16 output amplifiers
Light sensitive area ~ 90 mm x 90 mm
Pixel size 9 or 10 µm (10k x 10k)
CTE Charge Transfer Efficiency ≥ 0.999995, from few e- to full well
Full well > 50’000 e-
Dark current ≤ 1 e-/pixel/hour; target 0.5 e-/pixel/hour ESPRESSO CCD engineering sample
11 XXIII ENAA, 18-19 July 2013, FCUL, Lisbon, Portugal
Dataflow System
Instrument Control Electronics (including CT)
Thermal Enclosure & Vacuum Vessel
Spectrograph
Optical Mechanical Electrical
Fibre Link
Exposure meter
Front-End
Coudé Train
Laser F.Comb
Calibr. Unit
Echelle
APSU
CCD/ Dewar
Cameras
Optical Bench
Internal Interfaces
External Interfaces
System Engineering
Project Management
Product & Quality Assurance
12 XXIII ENAA, 18-19 July 2013, FCUL, Lisbon, Portugal
Nasmyth Focus
Cassegrain Focus
M1
M2
M3
M4
M5
M6
M7
M8
Coudé Focus
Z
X Nasmyth
Focus
Espresso Coudé Train
≈70 m to the Spectrograph!
13 XXIII ENAA, 18-19 July 2013, FCUL, Lisbon, Portugal
4.9 m
9.1 m
2.3 m
4.9 m
9.1 m
2.3 m
©ESO
69.1 m 46.2 m
61.0 m
62.3 m
69.1 m 46.2 m
61.0 m
62.3 m Distances from telescope azimuth to convergence point in CCL
Distances from telescope azimuth to convergence point in CCL
■ The Coudé Train is based on a Full Optics Concept comprising:
6 Prisms (some with power), 2 lenses and an ADC
14 XXIII ENAA, 18-19 July 2013, FCUL, Lisbon, Portugal
■ The Coudé Train is based on a Full Optics Concept comprising:
6 Prisms (some with power), 2 lenses and an ADC
15 XXIII ENAA, 18-19 July 2013, FCUL, Lisbon, Portugal
16 XXIII ENAA, 18-19 July 2013, FCUL, Lisbon, Portugal
17 XXIII ENAA, 18-19 July 2013, FCUL, Lisbon, Portugal
18 XXIII ENAA, 18-19 July 2013, FCUL, Lisbon, Portugal
19 XXIII ENAA, 18-19 July 2013, FCUL, Lisbon, Portugal