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®

Review Guide

Exam: N10-006

Third Edition

Bill Ferguson

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Senior Acquisitions Editor: Kenyon BrownDevelopment Editor: Kim WimpsettTechnical Editors: John Davidson and Quentin DocterProduction Editor: Rebecca AndersonCopy Editor: Linda RecktenwaldEditorial Manager: Mary Beth WakefieldProduction Manager: Kathleen WisorAssociate Publisher: Jim MinatelMedia Supervising Producer: Richard GravesBook Designers: Judy Fung and Bill GibsonProofreader: Rebecca RiderIndexer: Johnna VanHooseProject Coordinator, Cover: Brent SavageCover Designer: Ryan SneedCover Image: ©Getty Images, Inc./Jeremy Woodhouse

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To my father, who in the 1980s told me to learn as much about computers

as I could and to buy and hold Microsoft stock. Regrettably, I took

only part of his good advice. Seriously, his purchase of an IBM PC XT

computer in 1983 has made all the difference in my life and in my IT career.

Unfortunately, Dad passed away on March 6, 2011, at the tender age of 73.

I still think about him every time I use a computer. Thanks, Dad, and may

you rest in peace!

Acknowledgments

First, I’d like to thank Kenyon Brown for giving me the opportunity to write this important book. Several people have assisted me in many ways, so I’d like to acknowledge their con-tributions and offer my sincere appreciation. Specifi cally, I’d like to thank John Davidson for his “spot on” technical editing and support throughout the process. My thanks also go to Kim Wimpsett for keeping me on track and helping me put all the fi nal, professional touches on the book. To the many people involved in this effort with whom I never workedone‐on‐one, thanks! It takes a great team to put together a great book.

Finally, I’d like to acknowledge the encouragement and prayers of my family and friends and the students in my technical classes and Sunday school classes. In Him, all things are possible!

About the Author

Bill Ferguson MCT Alumni, A+, Network+, Server+, Security+, CCSI, VCP3,4,5,VCI3,4,5, VCP‐DCV, VCP‐NV—has been in the computer industry for more than 20 years. Originally in technical sales and sales management with Sprint, Bill made his transi-tion to Certifi ed Technical Trainer in 1997 with ExecuTrain. Bill now runs his own com-pany (Parallel Connections) as an independent contractor/author in Birmingham, Alabama, teaching classes for many national training companies and some regional training compa-nies, as well as international classes and virtual (online) classes. In addition, Bill writes and produces technical training videos for QuickCert, VTC, Pearson, and Safari Lessons. He haswritten video titles including A+ , Network+ , Windows 2000 Management, t Windows XP Management, t Windows MCDST , TT Interconnecting Cisco Network Devices , Fundamentals of VMware vSphere Virtualization , and Offi cial Cert Guide for VCP5‐DCV. In addition, VVhe wrote the Microsoft Certifi ed Desktop Support Technician (MCDST) Study Guide , theprevious two Network+ Review Guides , and the Network+ Fast Pass books for Sybex/Wiley Press. Bill says, “My job is to understand the material so well that I can make it easier for my students to learn than it was for me to learn.”

Contents at a Glance

Introduction xxvii

Chapter 1 Domain 1.0 Network Architecture 1

Chapter 2 Domain 2.0 Network Operations 95

Chapter 3 Domain 3.0 Network Security 135

Chapter 4 Domain 4.0 Troubleshooting 177

Chapter 5 Domain 5.0 Industry Standards,

Practices, and Network Theory 229

Appendix Answers to Review Questions 273

Index 279

ContentsIntroduction xxvii

Chapter 1 Domain 1.0 Network Architecture 1

1.1 Explain the Functions and Applications of Various Network Devices 11

Router 11Switch 11Multilayer Switch 12Firewall 12IDS and IPS 12HIDS 13Access Point (Wireless/Wired) 13Content Filter 13Load Balancer 14Hub 14Analog Modem 14Packet Shaper 15VPN Concentrator 15Exam Essentials 15

1.2 Compare and Contrast the Use of Networking Services and Applications 15

VPN 16RADIUS 18RAS 18TACACS+ 18Web Services 19Unified Voice Services 19Network Controllers 19Exam Essentials 19

1.3 Install and Configure the Following Network Services and Applications 20

DHCP 20DNS 23Proxy/Reverse Proxy 24NAT 24Port Forwarding 27Exam Essentials 27

1.4 Explain the Characteristics and Benefits of Various WAN Technologies 28

Fiber 28Frame Relay 29

xiv Contents

Satellite 29Broadband Cable 30DSL/ADSL 30ISDN 31ATM 32PPP/Multilink PPP 33MPLS 33GSM/CDMA 33Dialup 34WiMAX 35Metro‐Ethernet 35Leased Lines 35Circuit Switch vs. Packet Switch 37Exam Essentials 37

1.5 Install and Properly Terminate Various Cable Types and Connectors Using Appropriate Tools 39

Copper Connectors 39Copper Cables 43Fiber Connectors 47Fiber Cables 49Media Converters 51Tools 52Exam Essentials 55

1.6 Differentiate between Common Network Topologies 57Mesh 57Bus 58Ring 59Star 59Hybrid 60Point‐to‐Point 61Point‐to‐Multipoint 61Client‐Server 62Peer‐to‐Peer 62Exam Essentials 62

1.7 Differentiate between Network Infrastructure Implementations 62

WAN 63MAN 63LAN 63WLAN 63PAN 63SCADA/ICS 64Medianets 65Exam Essentials 66

Contents xv

1.8 Given a Scenario, Implement and Configure the Appropriate Addressing Schema 66

IPv6 67IPv4 69APIPA 74MAC Address Format 76Multicast vs. Unicast vs. Broadcast 77Exam Essentials 78

1.9 Explain the Basics of Routing Concepts and Protocols 79Routing Loops 79Routing Tables 79Static vs. Dynamic Routes 80Default Route 80Distance Vector Routing Protocols (RIPv2) 80Hybrid Routing Protocols (EIGRP) 81Link State Routing Protocols (OSPF, IS‐IS) 81IGP vs. EGP 82Route Redistribution 82Loopback Interface 82High Availability 83Route Aggregation 83Routing Metrics 83Exam Essentials 84

1.10 Identify the Basic Elements of Unified Communication Technologies 85

VoIP and Video 85Real‐Time Services 86QoS 86Devices 87Exam Essentials 87

1.11 Compare and Contrast Technologies That Support Cloud and Virtualization 87

Virtualization 87Storage Area Network 88Cloud Concepts 89Exam Essentials 90

1.12 Given a Set of Requirements, Implement a Basic Network 90List of Requirements 90Device Types/Requirements 91Environment and Equipment Limitations 91Compatibility, Wireless, and Security Considerations 91Exam Essentials 92

Review Questions 93

xvi Contents

Chapter 2 Domain 2.0 Network Operations 95

2.1 Given a Scenario, Use Appropriate Monitoring Tools 100Packet/Network Analyzer 100Interface Monitoring Tools 101Port Scanner 102Top Talkers/Listeners 102SNMP Management Software 102Alerts 103Packet Flow Monitoring 103SYSLOG 104SIEM 104Environment Monitoring Tools 104Power Monitoring Tools 104Wireless Survey Tools and Wireless Analyzers 105Exam Essentials 105

2.2 Given a Scenario, Analyze Metrics and Reports from Monitoring and Tracking Performance Tools 106

Baseline 106Bottleneck 106Log Management 106Graphing 107Utilization 108Link Status 109Interface Monitoring 109Exam Essentials 109

2.3 Given a Scenario, Use Appropriate Resources to Support Configuration Management 110

Archives/Backups 110Baselines 110On‐Boarding and Off‐Boarding of Mobile Devices 110NAC 111Documentation 111Exam Essentials 112

2.4 Explain the Importance of Implementing Network Segmentation 112

SCADA 113Legacy Systems 113Separate Private/Public Networks 113Honeypot/Honeynet 113Testing Lab 114Load Balancing 114Performance Optimization 114

Contents xvii

Security 114Compliance 115Exam Essentials 115

2.5 Given a Scenario, Install and Apply Patches and Updates 116OS Updates 116Firmware Updates 116Driver Updates 117Feature Changes/Updates 118Major vs. Minor Updates 118Vulnerability Patches 118Upgrading vs. Downgrading 118Exam Essentials 118

2.6 Given a Scenario, Configure a Switch Using Proper Features 119

VLAN 119Spanning Tree (802.1d) and Rapid Spanning Tree

(802.1w) 120Interface Configuration 121Default Gateway 124PoE and PoE+ (802.3af, 802.3at) 124Switch Management 124Managed vs. Unmanaged 124Exam Essentials 124

2.7 Install and Configure Wireless LAN Infrastructure and Implement the Appropriate Technologies in Support of Wireless Capable Devices 125

Small Office/Home Office Wireless Router 125Wireless Access Points 126Wireless Bridge 126Site Surveys 126Frequencies 127Channels 127Goodput 127Connection Types 127Antenna Placement 128Antenna Types 128MIMO/MUMIMO 129SSID (Enable/Disable) 129Topologies 129Mobile Devices 131Exam Essentials 131

Review Questions 133

xviii Contents

Chapter 3 Domain 3.0 Network Security 135

3.1 Compare and Contrast Risk Related Concepts 141Disaster Recovery 141Business Continuity 142Battery Backups/UPS 142First Responders 142Data Breach 143End User Awareness and Training 143Single Point of Failure 143Adherence to Standards and Polices 143Vulnerability Scanning 144Penetration Testing 144Exam Essentials 144

3.2 Compare and contrast common network vulnerabilities and threats 145

Attacks/Threats 145Vulnerabilities 152Exam Essentials 153

3.3 Given a Scenario, Implement Network Hardening Techniques 154

Anti‐malware Software 155Switch Port Security 155Security Policies 156Disable Unneeded Network Services 156Use Secure Protocols 156Access Lists 156Wireless Security 157User Authentication 159Hashes 162Exam Essentials 162

3.4 Compare and Contrast Physical Security Controls 163Mantraps 164Network Closets 164Video Monitoring 164Door Access Controls 164Proximity Readers/Key Fob 164Biometrics 165Keypad/Cypher Locks 165Security Guard 165Exam Essentials 165

3.5 Given a Scenario, Install and Configure a Basic Firewall 165Types of Firewalls 166Settings/Techniques 167Exam Essentials 169

Contents xix

3.6 Explain the Purpose of Various Network Access Control Methods 169

802.1x and Posture Assessment 170Guest Network 170Persistent vs. Non‐persistent Agents 170Quarantine Network 170Edge vs. Access Control 171Exam Essentials 171

3.7 Summarize Basic Forensic Concepts 171First Responder 172Secure the Area 172Document the Scene 172eDiscovery 172Exam Essentials 173

Review Questions 174

Chapter 4 Domain 4.0 Troubleshooting 177

4.1 Given a Scenario, Implement the Following Network Troubleshooting Methodology 183

Identify the Problem 183Establish Theory of Probable Cause 184Test the Theory to Determine Cause 185Establish a Plan of Action to Resolve the Problem

and Identify Potential Effects 185Implement the Solution or Escalate as Necessary 185Verify Full System Functionality and If Applicable

Implement Preventive Measures 186Document Findings, Actions, and Outcomes 186Exam Essentials 186

4.2 Given a Scenario, Analyze and Troubleshoot the Output of Troubleshooting Tools 186

Ipconfig/Ifconfig 187Netstat 188Ping/Ping6 190Tracert/Traceroute 190Nbtstat 191Nslookup 192ARP 193Mac Address Lookup Table 194Pathping 195Line Testers/Certifiers 195Multimeter 195Cable Tester 196

xx Contents

Toner Probe 197Speed Test Sites 198Looking Glass Sites 198Wi‐Fi Analyzer 199Protocol Analyzer 199Exam Essentials 199

4.3 Given a Scenario, Troubleshoot and Resolve Common Wireless Issues 200

Signal Loss 200Interference 200Overlapping/Mismatched Channels 200Signal‐to‐Noise Ratio 201Device and Bandwidth Saturation 201Untested Updates 201Wrong SSID 201Power Levels 202Open Networks 202Rogue Access Point 202Wrong Antenna Type 202Icompatibilities 203Wrong Encryption 203Bounce 203MIMO 204AP Placement/Environmental Factors 204AP Configuration 204Wireless Standard Related Issues 204Exam Essentials 205

4.4 Given a Scenario, Troubleshoot and Resolve Common Copper Cable Issues 206

Shorts 206Opens 206Incorrect Termination (Mismatched Standards) 206Crosstalk 207EMI/RFI 207Distance Limitations 208Bad Connector/Bad Wiring 208Split Pairs 208TX/RX Reverse 208Cable Placement 209Bad SFP/GBIC Cable or Transceiver 209Exam Essentials 209

Contents xxi

4.5 Given a Scenario, Troubleshoot and Resolve Common Fiber Cable Issues 210

Attenuation/DB Loss 210SFP/GBIC–Cable, Wavelength, Fiber Types,

Dirty Connectors, and Connector Mismatch 210Bend Radius and Distance Limitations 210Exam Essentials 210

4.6 Given a Scenario, Troubleshoot and Resolve Common Network Issues 211

Incorrect IP Configuration/Default Gateway 211Broadcast Storms/Switching Loop 211Duplicate IP 211Speed and Duplex Mismatch 212End‐to‐End Connectivity 212Incorrect VLAN Assignment 212Hardware Failure 213Misconfigured DHCP/DNS 213Incorrect Interface/Interface Misconfiguration 213Cable Placement 213Interface Errors 214Simultaneous Wired and Wireless Connections 214Discovering Neighboring Devices/Nodes 214Power Failure/Power Anomalies 214MTU/MTU Black Hole 215Missing IP Routes 215NIC Teaming Misconfiguration 215Exam Essentials 216

4.7 Given a Scenario, Troubleshoot and Resolve Common Security Issues 216

Misconfigured Firewalls and ACLs 216Malware 217Denial of Service 217Open/Closed Ports 217ICMP‐Related Issues 217Unpatched Firmware/OSs 218Malicious Users 218Authentication Issues 218Improper Access/Backdoor Access 219ARP Issues 219Banner Grabbing/OUI 220Domain/Local Group Configurations 221

xxii Contents

Jamming 221Exam Essentials 221

4.8 Given a Scenario, Troubleshoot and Resolve Common WAN Issues 222

Loss of Internet Connectivity 222Interface Errors 222DNS Issues/Split Horizon 223Interference 223Router Configurations 223Customer Premise Equipment 223Copper Line Drivers/Repeaters 225Common Security Policy 225Satellite Issues 225Exam Essentials 225

Review Questions 227

Chapter 5 Domain 5.0 Industry Standards, Practices, and Network Theory 229

5.1 Analyze a Scenario and Determine the Corresponding OSI Layer 235

Exam Essentials 2375.2 Explain the Basics of Network Theory and Concepts 237

Encapsulation/De-encapsulation 237Modulation Techniques 238Numbering Systems 239Broadband vs. Baseband 242Bit Rate vs. Baud Rate 242Sampling Size 242CSMA/CD 243CSMA/CA 243Wavelength 243TCP/IP Suite 244Exam Essentials 246

5.3 Given a Scenario, Deploy the Appropriate Wireless Standard 246

802.11 a/b/g/n/ac Standards 246Exam Essentials 248

5.4 Given a Scenario, Deploy the Appropriate Wired Connectivity Standard 249

Ethernet Standards (Copper and Fiber) 249Wiring Standards 250Broadband Standards 251Exam Essentials 251

Contents xxiii

5.5 Given a Scenario, Implement the Appropriate Policies or Procedures 251

Security Policies 251Network Policies 252Acceptable Use Policy 252Standard Business Documents 252Exam Essentials 253

5.6 Summarize Safety Practices 253Electrical Safety 253ESD 254Installation Safety 254MSDS 254Emergency Procedures 255Fire Suppression Systems 255Exam Essentials 255

5.7 Given a Scenario, Install and Configure Equipment in the Appropriate Location Using Best Practices 256

IDF 256MDF 256Patch Panel 256Power Management 257Device Placement 258Air Flow 258Cable Trays 258Rack Systems 258Labeling 259Rack Monitoring and Security 259Exam Essentials 260

5.8 Explain the Basics of Change Management Procedures 260Document Reason for a Change 261Change Request 261Approval Process 261Maintenance Window 261Notification of Change 262Documentation 262Exam Essentials 262

5.9 Compare and Contrast the Following Ports and Protocols 263

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) 263Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) 263NetBIOS 264Post Office Protocol Version 3 (POP3) 264Internet Message Access Protocol Version 4 (IMAPv4) 264

xxiv Contents

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) 264Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) 265Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP) 265Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) 265H.323 265Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) 265User Datagram Protocol (UDP) 266Exam Essentials 267

5.10 Given a Scenario, Configure and Apply the Appropriate Ports and Protocols 267

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) 267Simple Network Management Protocol 2/3

(SNMP 2/3) 268Secure Shell (SSH) 268Telnet 268Domain Name System (DNS) 268Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) 269Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) 269Server Message Block (SMB) 269Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) 269Exam Essentials 270

Review Questions 271

Appendix Answers to Review Questions 273

Index 279

Introduction The Computing Technology Industry Association (CompTIA) developed the Network+ certification to provide an industry‐wide means of certifying the competency of computer service technicians in the basics of computer networking. The Network+ certification is granted to those individuals who have attained a level of knowledge and networking skills that show a basic competency with the networking needs of both personal and corporate computing environments.

CompTIA’s exam objectives are periodically updated to keep its exams applicable to the most recent technological developments. The foundational elements, however, remain constant even as higher‐end technology advances. The Network+ objectives have recently been changed to a small degree to reflect the very latest changes in technology. At the time of this writing, this book is current for the 2015 Network+ N10‐006 exam objectives as stated by CompTIA (www.comptia.org).

What Is Network+ Certification?The Network+ certification offers an introductory step into the complex world of IT net-working. You need to pass only a single exam to become Network+ certified. This is often the first step toward true networking knowledge and experience. By obtaining Network+ certification, you will be able to obtain more networking experience and gain an interest in net-works in order to pursue more complex and in‐depth network knowledge and certifications.

For the latest pricing on the exam and updates to the registration procedures, go to www.vue.com. You can register online for the exam. If you have further questions about the scope of the exam or related CompTIA programs, refer to the CompTIA website at www.comptia.org.

Is This Book for You?CompTIA Network+ Review Guide is designed to be a succinct, portable exam review guide that can be used either in conjunction with a more complete study program (such as Sybex’s CompTIA Network+ Study Guide, computer‐based training courseware, or a class-room/lab environment) or as an exam review for those who don’t need more extensive test preparation. It isn’t my goal to give the answers away but rather to identify topics on which you can expect to be tested and to provide sufficient coverage of those topics.

Perhaps you’ve been working with information technologies for many years. The thought of paying lots of money for a specialized IT exam preparation course probably doesn’t sound too appealing. What can they teach you that you don’t already know, right? Be careful, though. Many experienced network administrators have walked confidently into the test center only to walk sheepishly out of it after failing an IT exam. After you’ve finished reading this book, you should have a clear idea of how your understanding of networking technologies matches up with the expectations of the Network+ test writers.

xxviii Introduction

Perhaps you’re relatively new to the world of IT—drawn to it by the promise of challeng-ing work at a higher salary? You’ve just waded through an 800‐page study guide, or you’ve taken a class at a local training center. Lots of information to keep in your head, isn’t it? Well, by organizing this book according to CompTIA’s exam objectives and by breaking up the information into concise, manageable pieces, I’ve created what I think is the handi-est exam review guide available. Throw it in your backpack and carry it to work with you or get an additional copy of it on Kindle. As you read the book, you’ll be able to identify quickly those areas you know best and those that require a more in‐depth review.

The goal of the Review Guide series is to help Network+ candidates brush up on the subjects on which they can expect to be tested on the Network+ exam. For complete in‐depth coverage of the technologies and topics involved, we recommend CompTIA Network+ Study Guide , from Sybex.

How Is This Book Organized? This book is organized according to the offi cial objectives list prepared by CompTIA for the Network+ Exam N10‐006. The chapters correspond to the fi ve major domains of objec-tive and topic groupings. In fact, the exam is weighted across these fi ve domains as follows:

■ Domain 1.0 Network Architecture (22 percent)

■ Domain 2.0 Network Operations (20 percent)

■ Domain 3.0 Network Security (18 percent)

■ Domain 4.0 Troubleshooting (24 percent)

■ Domain 5.0 Industry Standards, Practices, and Network Theory (16 percent)

Within each chapter, the top‐level exam objective from each domain is addressed in turn. This discussion of each objective also contains an “Exam Essentials” section. Here you are given a short list of topics that you should explore fully before taking the test. Included in the “Exam Essentials” areas are notations on key pieces of information you should have taken out of CompTIA Network+ Review Guide .

At the end of each chapter you’ll fi nd the “Review Questions” section. These questions are designed to help you gauge your mastery of the content in the chapter.

Interactive Online Learning Environment and Test Bank The interactive online learning environment that accompanies CompTIA Network+ Review Guide: Exam N10‐006, Third Edition provides a test bank with study tools to help you prepare for the certifi cation exam—and it increases your chances of passing it the fi rst time! The test bank includes the following:

Sample Tests All of the questions in this book are provided, including the Chapter Tests that include the Review Questions at the end of each chapter. In addition, there are two