Dr. Amam Ali AmamPhD: Periodontal Disease

Dr. Amam Ali AmamPhD: Periodontal Disease

Epithelial tissue

Epithelial tissue

Epithelial tissue Connective

tissue

Connective tissue

Muscular

tissue

Muscular

tissue Nervous tissue

Nervous tissue

The human body is composed of only

4 basic types of tissue The human body is composed of only

4 basic types of tissue

Cells Moleculesof the extracellular matrix

They are formed by:They are formed by:

The main characteristics of these basic types of tissue:

tissue Cells Extracellular matrix

Main Function

Nervous Nervous Intertwining Intertwining elongated elongated processesprocesses

NoneNone Transmission of Transmission of nervous impulsesnervous impulses

Epithelial Epithelial Aggregated Aggregated polyhedral cellspolyhedral cells

Very small amountVery small amount Lining of surface or Lining of surface or body cavities, body cavities, glandular secretionglandular secretion

MuscleMuscle Elongated Elongated contractile cellscontractile cells

Moderate amountModerate amount MovementMovement

Connective Connective Several types of Several types of fixed and fixed and wandering cellswandering cells

Abundant amountAbundant amount Support and Support and protectionprotection

is characterized by:

The abundance of extracellular

material produced by its cells.

is characterized by:

The abundance of extracellular

material produced by its cells.

Connective TissueConnective Tissue

is composed of:

elongated cells that have the

Specialized function of contraction .

Muscular TissueMuscular Tissue

is composed of:

cells with elongated processes

that receive, generate and

transmit nerve impulses

is composed of:

cells with elongated processes

that receive, generate and

transmit nerve impulses

Nervous TissueNervous Tissue

Epithelial Tissuesare composed of:

Epithelial Tissuesare composed of:

closely aggregated

Polyhedral Cellsvery little

Extracellular Substance

Epithelial tissue: Epithelial tissue:

Epithelial cells covers or line surfaces

of the body & cavities (eg, skin, stomach, oral cavity, all tubes inside the blood vessels).

Epithelial cells covers or line surfaces

of the body & cavities (eg, skin, stomach, oral cavity, all tubes inside the blood vessels).

These tissues exist not as isolated units but rather

is association with one another and in variable

proportions, forming different organs & systems

of the body.

These tissues exist not as isolated units but rather

is association with one another and in variable

proportions, forming different organs & systems

of the body.

1- Covering & lining of surfaces (eg, skin, intestines).

2- Absorption (eg, intestines).

3- Secretion (eg, glands).

4- Sensation (eg, gustative & olfactory neuroepithelium)

5- Contractility (eg, myoepithelial cells)

1- Covering & lining of surfaces (eg, skin, intestines).

2- Absorption (eg, intestines).

3- Secretion (eg, glands).

4- Sensation (eg, gustative & olfactory neuroepithelium)

5- Contractility (eg, myoepithelial cells)

The principal Functions of Epithelial tissues are:The principal Functions of Epithelial tissues are:

Epithelial Cells are covering & lining surfaces

and cavities of the body (external & internal surfaces).

Therefore, everything that enter or leave the body

should cross the epithelial sheet.

Epithelial Cells are covering & lining surfaces

and cavities of the body (external & internal surfaces).

Therefore, everything that enter or leave the body

should cross the epithelial sheet.

It’s very strong (firm), they should be continuous

Because they are going to ( cover, protect, make the function)

as perfect as possible.

It’s very strong (firm), they should be continuous

Because they are going to ( cover, protect, make the function)

as perfect as possible.

Relationship between Epithelial Cells (E.C). Relationship between Epithelial Cells (E.C).

They communicate because they want to know the

function of the other, and to live ( if one cell is underworking

then the other cell should raise up their level to cover for it )

or if it died.

They communicate because they want to know the

function of the other, and to live ( if one cell is underworking

then the other cell should raise up their level to cover for it )

or if it died.

Most organs can be divided into 2 componentsMost organs can be divided into 2 components

1- Parenchyma1- Parenchyma 2- Stroma2- Stroma

It’s composed of the

cells responsible for

the main functions

typical of the organ

It’s composed of the

cells responsible for

the main functions

typical of the organ

It’s the supporting

tissue, it’s made of

connective tissue,

except in the brain

and spinal cord

It’s the supporting

tissue, it’s made of

connective tissue,

except in the brain

and spinal cord

Epithelial Cell nuclei have distinctive shapes:Epithelial Cell nuclei have distinctive shapes:

Epithelial Cell Nucleus shapes Location

Cuboidal Spherical Central

Squamous Flattened Central

Columnar Oval near the Basal

Forms of Nucleus & it’s locationForms of Nucleus & it’s location

The long axis of the nucleus is always parallel to the main axis of the cell.

The long axis of the nucleus is always parallel to the main axis of the cell.

1- Microvilli.1- Microvilli.

Specialization of the cell surfaceSpecialization of the cell surface

2- Cilia.2- Cilia.3- Flagella.3- Flagella.

1 -Microvilli 1 -Microvilli

They are found mainly on:

1- the Free cell surface.

2- absorptive cells (lining epithelium of the small intestines

& the cells of the proximal renal tubule).

They are found mainly on:

1- the Free cell surface.

2- absorptive cells (lining epithelium of the small intestines

& the cells of the proximal renal tubule).

MicrovilliMicrovilli

2 -Cilia 2 -Cilia

They are cylindrical motile

structures on the surface

of some epithelium cells.

They are cylindrical motile

structures on the surface

of some epithelium cells.

2 Types of Epitheliumaccording to structure & function

2 Types of Epitheliumaccording to structure & function

1- Covering Epithelium

1- Covering Epithelium

2- Glandular Epithelium

2- Glandular Epithelium

1-Squamous.2-Cuboidal.3-Columnar.

1-Squamous.2-Cuboidal.3-Columnar.

1-Simple1-Simple 2-Stratified2-Stratified 3- Pseudostratified 3- Pseudostratified

1-Squamous keratinized.2-Squamous non-

keratinized 3-Cuboidal.4-Transitional.5-Columnar.

1-Squamous keratinized.2-Squamous non-

keratinized 3-Cuboidal.4-Transitional.5-Columnar.

Types of covering epitheliumTypes of covering epithelium

1-Simple1-Simple

2-Stratified2-Stratified

3- Pseudostratified 3- Pseudostratified

Types of covering epitheliumSimple Epithelium PatternsTypes of covering epitheliumSimple Epithelium Patterns

1-Squamous.1-Squamous.

2-Cuboidal.2-Cuboidal.

3-Columnar.3-Columnar.

1 -Simple Squamous Epithelium 1 -Simple Squamous Epithelium

1 -Simple Squamous Epithelium ? Where it’s Located

1 -Simple Squamous Epithelium Where it’s Located ?

lungs (alveoli). capillary ((endothelium). lining of pleural cavity, the

pericardium, and the peritoneum.

Bowman's capsule (Kidney). Blood vessels ((endothelium).

2-Simple Cuboidal Epithelium. 2-Simple Cuboidal Epithelium.

2 - SimpleCuboidal Epithelium 2 -Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

2 - SimpleCuboidal Epithelium ? Where it’s Located

2 -Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Where it’s Located ?

follicle of thyroid gland collecting ducts of kidney salivary glands. Pancreas. Ovary. Uterus. Lining of intestine. gallbladder

Types of covering epithelium3-Simple Columnar Epithelium.

Types of covering epithelium3-Simple Columnar Epithelium.

3 - SimpleColumnar Epithelium 3 -Simple Columnar Epithelium

3 - SimpleColumnar Epithelium? Where it’s Located

3 -Simple Columnar EpitheliumWhere it’s Located ?

Gallbladder. surface epithelium of stomach. Uterine glands (all phases). small intestine

Type

Cell Form

Examples of Distribution

Main Function

Simple

Squamous Lining of vessels (endothelium).

Serous lining of cavities; pericardium, pleura, peritoneum (mesothelium)

Facilitates the movement of the viscera (mesothelium), active transport by pinocytosis (mesothelium & endothelium), secretion of biologically active molecules (mesothelium)

Cuboidal Covering the ovary, thyroid.

Covering, secretion.

Columnar Lining of intestine, gallbladder.

Protection, lubrication, absorption, secretion.

Types of covering epitheliumTypes of covering epithelium

Types of covering epitheliumTypes of covering epithelium

1-Simple1-Simple

2-Stratified2-Stratified

3- Pseudostratified 3- Pseudostratified

Types of covering epitheliumStratified Epithelium PatternsTypes of covering epitheliumStratified Epithelium Patterns

1-Squamous keratinized.2-Squamous non-keratinized 3-Cuboidal.4- Transitional.5-Columnar.

1-Squamous keratinized.2-Squamous non-keratinized 3-Cuboidal.4- Transitional.5-Columnar.

Stratified Squamous keratinized EpitheliumStratified Squamous keratinized Epithelium

Stratified Squamous non-keratinized (moist)Stratified Squamous non-keratinized (moist)

Stratified Squamous non-keratinized (moist)Where it’s Located ?

Stratified Squamous non-keratinized (moist)Where it’s Located ?

oral mucosa pharynx esophagus anal canal uterine cervix & vagina

oral mucosa pharynx esophagus anal canal uterine cervix & vagina

Squamous Stratified EpitheliumSquamous Stratified Epithelium

Transitional Stratified EpitheliumWhere it’s Located?

Transitional Stratified EpitheliumWhere it’s Located?

Bladder, Ureters, renal calyces.Bladder, Ureters, renal calyces.

Transitional Stratified EpitheliumTransitional Stratified Epithelium

Ducts of sweat glands, developing ovarian follicles.

Cuboidal Stratified EpitheliumWhere it’s Located?

Cuboidal Stratified EpitheliumWhere it’s Located?

Type Cell Form Examples of Distribution

Main Function

Stratified

Surface layer squamous keratinized (dry).

Epidermis. Protection ; prevents water loss.

Surface layer squamous nonkeratinized (moist).

Mouth,esophagus, larynx, vagina, anal canal

Protection, secretion; prevents water loss.

Cuboidal Sweat glands, developing ovarian follicles.

Protection, secretion.

Transitional: domelike to flattened, depending on the organ.

Bladder, Ureters, renal calyces.

Protection, distensibility.

Columnar. Conjunctiva. Protection.

Types of covering epitheliumTypes of covering epithelium

Ciliated Pseudostratified EpitheliumCiliated Pseudostratified Epithelium

Maxillary Sinus

Pseudostratified columnar EpitheliumPseudostratified columnar Epithelium

Trachea

Type Cell Form Examples of Distribution

Main Function

Simple

Squamous Lining of vessels (endothelium).

Serous lining of cavities; pericardium, pleura, peritoneum (mesothelium)

Facilitates the movement of the viscera (mesothelium), active transport by pinocytosis (mesothelium & endothelium), secretion of biologically active molecules (mesothelium)

Cuboidal Covering the ovary, thyroid. Covering, secretion.

Columnar Lining of intestine, gallbladder. Protection, lubrication, absorption, secretion.

Pseudo-stratified

Some columnar

& some cuboidal.

Lining of trachea, bronchi, nasal cavity. Protection, secretion; cilia-mediated transport of particles trapped in mucus.

Stratified

Surface layer squamous keratinized (dry).

Epidermis. Protection ; prevents water loss.

Surface layer squamous nonkeratinized (moist).

Mouth, esophagus, larynx, vagina,

anal canal

Protection, secretion; prevents water loss.

Cuboidal Sweat glands, developing ovarian follicles.

Protection, secretion.

Transitional: domelike to flattened, depending on the organ.

Bladder, Ureters, renal calyces. Protection, distensibility.

Columnar. Conjunctiva. Protection.

Common types of covering epithelia in the human bodyCommon types of covering epithelia in the human body

Glandular epithelial cells (store & secrete :

1. proteins (eg: pancreas)2. lipids, ( egsebaceous glands)3. carbohydrates and proteins, (eg: salivary glands)• Mammary glands do all that. • Secretes substances from the

blood, sweat glands

Glandular EpitheliumGlandular Epithelium

Unicellular: goblet glands. Multicellular:1. Exocrine2. Endocrine

Types of glands Types of glands

Glandular EpitheliumGlandular Epithelium