Dr. ANAND SRINIVASAN

Made of 2 kidneys 2 ureters Urinary bladder Urethra

Position Posterior abdominal

wall

Retroperitoneum

Extension T12 – L3

Right kidney lower than left due to liver on right side

Bean shaped

Enclosed by “Renal fascia”

Superiorly Right Adrenal Gland

Anteriorly Right lobe of liver Duodenum Hepatic flexure of colon

Posteriorly Diaphragm and posterior abdominal wall

muscles

Superiorly Left Adrenal Gland

Anteriorly Stomach Spleen Pancreas Jejunum Splenic flexure of colon

Posteriorly Diaphragm and posterior abdominal wall

muscles

Cortex

Medulla consisting of Pyramids Minor calyx Major calyx

Renal pelvis

1. Renal pyramid

2. Interlobar artery

3. Renal artery4. Renal vein5. Renal hilum6. Renal pelvis7. Ureter8. Minor calyx9. Renal

capsule10. Inferior pole11. Superior pole12. Interlobar vein13. Nephron14.Renal sinus15.Major calyx16.Renal papilla17.Renal column

ARTERIES Right & Left Renal Arteries from

Abdominal aorta

VEINS Right & Left Renal veins – draining into

Inferior vena cava Left Renal V. longer than right

Tubes that convey urine from kidneys to urinary bladder

25 – 30 cm

Passes Behind periotenum Into pelvic cavity Passes obliquely through the posterior wall

of bladder – prevents reflux of urine

Roughly pear shaped

Oval shaped when filled with urine

Posterior surface – Base

Urethra starts at neck

Peritoneum covers superior surface only

Total capacity of bladder – 600 ml

Awareness to mictuirate – 300 – 400 ml

Trigone of bladder

Internal urethral sphincter – involuntary External urethral sphincter – voluntary

Ross and Wilson Anatomy and Physiology – Chapter 13; Pages 336 - 344