China's Role in Korean Unification Vision and Northeast Asian Peace-buildingXiaohe Cheng PhDRenmin University of China

China had played an important role in the unification and division of the Korean Peninsula in ancient times. Neighbor Giant Neighbor Bonded by Tributary System

Tributary System A hierarchical inter-state arrangement based on

China’s superiority in economic development, political system and cultural richness.

A device of interest tradeoff: states on China’s periphery paid tributes to Chinese emperors on regular basis to demonstrate their submission and allegiance, the emperors reciprocated in kind with largesse, regime recognition and security protection.

Main Causes for China’s Intervention. Intervention occurred but quite rare; To eliminate a security threat from the

peninsula (660, Paeche, 668, Koguryo); To fulfill obligation stipulated by the tributary

system; To set up a buff zone on the peninsula between

China and hostile states.

The roles China had played in ancient times. A Conqueror: direct control A unification facilitator : Silla A security protector.

The Evolution of the People’s Republic of China (PRC)’ Role.

Leaning to one side policy against the background of the Cold War

A security protector (lips and teeth). A diplomatic supporter.

Pursuing equal distance diplomacy to the two Koreas.

A Lukewarm bystander. An active participant (FPT) and mediator (SPT).

Possible Role China May Play in the future Korean unification

Low expectation: Non-interventionist and non-obstructionist.

Reasons: (1) The Korean are the master of their destination; (2) unpleasant historical memory; (3) historical lessons (Germany, Vietnam and Yemen); (4) Major powers intervention.

Moderate expectation: A collective good provider

Building a new type of major countries’ relations (Sino-US rivalry).

Settling territorial disputes by peaceful means. Promoting denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula. Peace keeper (chaos on the Korean Peninsula). Stabilizing financial and trade markets.

High expectation: an active intervener An explicit invitation from both Koreas. China’s major interest may be in jeopardy. Molding the unification process that best serve

China’s interest (Friendly, neutral and nuclear free Korea).