Dr. Jean WatsonDr. Jean WatsonThe Power of Caring: The Power of Caring:

The Power to Make a DifferenceThe Power to Make a Difference

NURS1960-ANURS1960-A

Anna IonadiAnna Ionadi

Amanda WallaceAmanda Wallace

Shannon MacFarlaneShannon MacFarlane

Sheldon HubertSheldon Hubert

Tawnya WerbTawnya Werb

““Maybe this one moment, with this Maybe this one moment, with this one person, is the very reason one person, is the very reason

we’re here on Earth at this time.”we’re here on Earth at this time.”

- Jean Watson, The Caring Moment- Jean Watson, The Caring Moment

Dr. Jean Watson at a glance …Dr. Jean Watson at a glance …

EducationEducation* Dr. Watson was born and raised in a small town in the Appalachian Mountains of West Virginia in the 1940’s

1958-61 R.N. Diploma in NursingLewis-Gale School of Nursing

1962-64 B.S. in NursingUniversity of Colorado

1964-66 M.S. in Psychiatric Mental-Health Nursing; Minor PsychologyUniversity of Colorado

1969-70 Graduate Work: Social and Clinical PsychologyUniversity of Colorado,

1969-73 Ph.D. in Educational Psychology and Counseling

University of Colorado

Dr. Jean WatsonDr. Jean Watsonat a glance…at a glance…

AccomplishmentsAccomplishmentsRecipient of several awards and honours including: • International Kellogg Fellowship in Australia• Fulbright Research Award in Sweden• Six Honorary Doctoral Degrees

Including 3 International Honorary Doctorates (Sweden, UK, Canada)

• 1993 National League for Nursing Martha E. Rogers AwardRecognizes a nurse scholar who has made significant

contributions to nursing knowledge that advances the science of caring in nursing and health sciences

• Distinguished Nurse Scholar, recognized by New York University • Norman Cousins Award in 1999,

Recognition for her commitment to developing; maintaining and exemplifying relationship-centered care practices

• Founder of the Centre for Human Caring in Colorado • Is a Fellow at the American Academy of Nursing

Dr. Jean WatsonDr. Jean Watsonat a glance…at a glance…

Published WorksPublished WorksDr. Jean WatsonDr. Jean Watsonat a glance…at a glance…

Some of the well-known published works by Dr. Watson:

1979, 1985, 2008 Nursing and the Philosophy and Science of Caring

1985, 1988, 1999 Nursing: Human Science and Human Caring

1999 Postmodern Nursing and Beyond

2002 Assessing and Measuring Caring in Nursing and Health Sciences

For a full list of books, articles and all other publications, please visit:http://www.nursing.ucdenver.edu/faculty/j_watson_pubs.htm

InfluencesInfluencesDr. Jean WatsonDr. Jean Watsonat a glance…at a glance…

• Eastern Philosophy: focuses on a holistic approach, looking at the body as a whole unit, not a sum of parts

“is based on a metaphysical, spiritual-existential and phenomenological orientation.”

- Fawcett, 1993

This links to earlier nursing theorists, including: Nightingale, Travelbee, Leininger, Paterson & Zderad

Psychology theorists who influenced her theory of caring:Hans Selye, Richard Lazarus and Carl Rogers

““The goal of nursing is to help a person The goal of nursing is to help a person gain a higher degree of harmony gain a higher degree of harmony with the mind, body and soul.” with the mind, body and soul.” - Jean Watson, Nursing as Human Science and Human Care- Jean Watson, Nursing as Human Science and Human Care

Dr. Jean Watson’s theory of caring …Dr. Jean Watson’s theory of caring …

Watson’s ConcernWatson’s ConcernDr. Jean Watson’s Dr. Jean Watson’s theorytheory

• Defining nursing as a distinct health profession• Make explicit nursing values, knowledge and practice

Make known: • Inner healing process• Experiencing the person

Three major elements of her theory:• Ten Carative Factors• The Caring Occasion / The Caring Moment• Transpersonal Caring

AssumptionsAssumptionsDr. Jean Watson’s Dr. Jean Watson’s theorytheory

• Humans cannot be treated as objects

• Humans cannot be separated from self, other, nature, or the larger universe

• There is a sacredness of life and all living things

•Nurses must treat themselves with gentleness and dignity before they are capable of providing the same to others

Assumptions about Assumptions about CaringCaringDr. Jean Watson’s Dr. Jean Watson’s theorytheory

• Caring can be effectively demonstrated and practiced interpersonally

• Caring consists of carative factors that can fulfill human needs

• Effective caring promotes health promotes health and individual and family growth

• Caring responses accept a person as is and looks beyond to what that person may becomewhat that person may become

• A caring environment offers the development of potential while allowing a person to choose the best action at a given time

• Caring is as equally important as curing• The practice of caring is central to nursingThe practice of caring is central to nursing

Before moving on to today’s dissertation, where our three Before moving on to today’s dissertation, where our three candidates will discuss their position of Jean Watson’s nursing candidates will discuss their position of Jean Watson’s nursing

theory, inclusive of:theory, inclusive of:

The Four Metaparadigms Concepts:Person, Health, Environment and Nursing

The Caring Occasion & The Caring Moment

Transpersonal Caring

We will take a brief look at Watson’s third theory, the carative We will take a brief look at Watson’s third theory, the carative factors, in attempt to provide a basis for later discussion.factors, in attempt to provide a basis for later discussion.

Carative FactorsCarative FactorsDr. Jean Watson’s Dr. Jean Watson’s theorytheory

• Caritas comes from the Latin word meaning to cherish, to appreciate, to give special attention.

• Invites nurse to explore the intersection between personal and professional

The Ten Carative Factors:1. Humanistic-altruistic system of values2. Faith-hope3. Sensitivity to self and to others4. Helping-trusting, human care relationships5. Expressing positive and negative feelings 6. Creative problem solving caring processes7. Transpersonal teaching-learning8. Supportive, protective and or corrective mental,

physical, societal and spiritual environment9. Human needs assistance10.Existential-phenomenological-spiritual forces

Carative FactorsCarative FactorsDr. Jean Watson’s Dr. Jean Watson’s theorytheory

Research Article: Caring for Older Adults: Practice Guided by Watson’s Caring-Healing Model

The nurse develops a sense of hope (factor 2) and trust (factor 4) through genuine caring, listening and responding to the unique seriousness of Mrs. Smith’s experience (factor 1)

Acknowledgement of Mrs. Smith’s expression of disharmony (factor 5) between her usual perceived self and this encounter

The nurse, along with family, other health professionals and community services can help Mrs. Smith meet her basic needs (factor 9) of pain management, arrangements for check ups, support with ADL’s and reconnecting with old friends.

(Bernick, 2004)

Carative FactorsCarative FactorsDr. Jean Watson’s Dr. Jean Watson’s theorytheory

Within the caring-healing model, the approach included one that attended to the interconnectiveness between Mrs. Smith’s mind-body-soul as influenced by her personal experience

Mrs. Smith’s pain was better controlled, she was able to control her fears of her life management, and was able to reintegrate her life with others and feel supported

(Bernick, 2004)

Carative FactorsCarative FactorsDr. Jean Watson’s Dr. Jean Watson’s theorytheory

Benefits: Transferable to current practice environments,

meaning of health through the patient’s perspective, considers the complexity of each individual experience

Limitations: Time

PurposefulPurposefulTo be intentionalTo be intentional

To pause and slow downTo pause and slow downMindfulMindful

Grounded on firm surface whileGrounded on firm surface whileFeeling the breeze and warm sunFeeling the breeze and warm sun

PresencePresenceIn a world of oneIn a world of one

Shared with anotherShared with anotherOrganizedOrganized

Creativity, context and knowledgeCreativity, context and knowledgePrimacy being carePrimacy being care

Central to allCentral to allReverence and respectReverence and respect

ConnectingConnectingListeningListening

Being understoodBeing understoodCaringCaring

SupportingSupportingHealingHealing

(Bernick, 2004)(Bernick, 2004)

Sheldon HubertSheldon HubertOn Jean Watson’s Theory of CaringOn Jean Watson’s Theory of Caringand the Metaparadigm Conceptsand the Metaparadigm Concepts

Anna IonadiAnna IonadiOn Jean Watson’s Theory of CaringOn Jean Watson’s Theory of Caring

and the Caring Occasion & Caring Momentand the Caring Occasion & Caring Moment

Amanda WallaceAmanda WallaceOn Jean Watson’s Theory of CaringOn Jean Watson’s Theory of Caring

and Transpersonal Caringand Transpersonal Caring

Bernick, L. (2004). Caring for older adults: practice guided by Watson’s caring-healing model. Nursing Science Quarterly, 17(2), 128-134.

ReferencesReferences