dr. jeffrey s. nelson co-director, center for integrated...
TRANSCRIPT
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Solar Glitter-Microsystems Enabled PV
Dr. Jeffrey S. Nelson
Co-Director, Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies
Sandia National Laboratories
October 20-21, 2010
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Challenges for the PV Industry(DOE Multi-Year Program Plan, NIST Workshop-May 2010)
Silicon:- More efficient use of Si (grams/Wp)
- Move to thinner wafers (<100 m thickness)
- Manufacturing Improvements
Thin-Films:- Overcome performance limitations
- Manufacturable 20% efficient module
Concentrated PV:
- Low cost high efficiency system designs
- Higher efficiency cells (>50%)
- Automated manufacturing and assembly
Organics:- Improved Performance and Reliability
“PV Systems have not
changed much in 30 years!”(NIST Workshop Quote)
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PV System Cost
Current Utility
Scale PV Current
Residential
Scale PV
Target
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Current PV State-of-the-Art
Concentrated PV (CPV) a-Si
CdTe
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Thin-Film CdTe
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Opportunities for PV System Cost Reductions
~75% of Module Cost is the Cell
~85% of Cell cost is Materials
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PV Learning Curve
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Manufacturing Cost Reductions
Rajendra Singh, "Why silicon is and will remain the dominant
photovoltaic material," Journal of Nanophotonics, vol. 3, 032503 (2009), p. 4.
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Grid Parity Considerations
Current Grid Parity Solar MarketsHypothetical 2015 Grid Parity Solar Markets
(~2x Lower System Cost)
Grid parity doesn’t assure adoption!
* Capital Cost (another 2x in cost reduction)
* Aesthetics
* Reliability
* …
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Solar Glitter: Microsystem-Enabled PV(Sandia R&D Efforts)
Lightweight
Flexible
Rooftop
Utility PV
• Double the efficiency and half the cost
of conventional PV
• high efficiency (cell level >50%,
system level >40%)
• reduced cost (module cost of
~$0.5-1.0/Wattpeak, system cost of
$2-3/Wattpeak).
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Thin c-Si PV Cells
10 to 20 m thick; 0.25mm to 1 cm across
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Release Thin c-Si PV Cells and Reuse Substrate
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Performance of Thin c-Si PV Cells:
14 micor Si Cell
15 % Efficiency
(after 1 year of R&D)
14 micron thick Crystalline Si Cell
Design of High Watt/Gram, Ultra-Thin c-Si & GaAs Photovoltaic Cells
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Thin GaAs Cell Performance
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Potential Benefits of Small Cells
Thermal
Management
Optical System
And Tracking
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Cells on tapeWafer die
Innovative Fab Processes For Assembly
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High-Efficiency Concentrated PV Product Platform
Conceptual cross-section of PV cell structure.
This structure removes or reduces many of the
constraints on current multijunction cells.
on order of 1 mm
Small dimensions allow
high-quality, molded
refractive optics
Each junction
independently
electrically connected
Incoming solar
spectrum
Cells grown independently, out of
ideal materials, and proper
thickness for efficient energy
absorption and transmission
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Solar Paint and Crystalline Thin-Films?
Figure 4. Non-functional demo of flexible PV structure constructed using c-Si MEPV cells.
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High Efficiency Flexible PV Product Platform
• ~0.5 m2 area
• Peak output is 26 W
• Efficiency is <5%
• Cost $334
• Backpack with integrated solar
• Cost $200
• Peak power is 4.5 W
Sandia Approach
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More Information
http://www.futurepv.com/node/161
Microsystems-Enabled Photovoltaics:
A Path to the Widespread Harnessing of Solar Energy
Vipin Gupta, Jose Luis Cruz-Campa,
Murat Okandan, Gregory Nielson
Sandia National Laboratories
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Sandia’s Photovoltaic Facilities
Distributed Energy Technology LabPV Systems Evaluation and Optimization Lab
• Controlled Side-by-Side Component, Array
and System Characterization
• Full-scale cell and module characterization
laboratory
• Comprehensive Data Acquisition Systems
• Grid Integration, Inverters, Combiners,
Disconnects- All Reconfigurable
• Simulate micro-grid or community (25 homes
and businesses), including
•PV
•Storage
•Fuel Cells
•Microturbines
•Diesel gensets
• Testbed for advanced power conversion and
energy management systems
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Sandia National Laboratories National
Solar Thermal Test Facility
PARABOLIC TROUGH
DISH STIRLING
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Questions?