214—　　—

Dr. Kinji Magara:

A Practical Petroleum Geologist and a Critic of International Engineering Projects and Practices

Hiromi HONDA＊, Kazuo NAKAYAMA＊, Kazuyoshi HOSHI＊, Tomochika TOKUNAGA＊, Ryoichi KOUDA＊ and Toshifumi MATSUOKA＊

Abstract　　Dr. Kinji Magara was born on 23 April 1936 in Fukui Prefecture, Japan, and passed away on 20 February 2007 in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.　　Dr. Magara invented “cross-plot of Δtsh of mudstone （P-wave transit time in micro-second a foot） versus burial depth” to analyze mudstone compaction in its burial history, and extensively studied the burial profiles of Δtsh of the Niigata Sedimentary Basin. He established methods to analyze overpressures in mudstones and the primary migration of oil and gas in burial history. His “downward migration theory” in primary, oil and gas migration was widely accepted over the world. He successfully applied his method to various basins over the world. His analyses should be called “basin analysis” in today's usage. His activities can be divided into four periods.［The first period］1959～: graduated from Faculty of Science, Kyoto University （majoring in geology）; immediately

joined Teikoku Oil Company; later moved to Japan Petroleum Exploration Company, Ltd. （JAPEX） During his works in the companies, he worked as a well-site geologist in the Niigata basin. He was awarded doctor of science from Kyoto University.

［The second period］1967: invited by Canadian National Geology Research as a research geologist, and was on leave from

JAPEX for one year; later moved to Calgary, Alberta, Canada, and left JAPEX.1969: joined Imperial Oil Company （Exxon Canada） as an exploration specialist.1977: accepted the position of Professor of Reservoir Studies Institute, Texas Tech University.1979: moved to Bureau of Economic Geology, the University of Texas at Austin to be a research

scientist/adjunct professor.［The third period］1981: moved to King Abdul-Aziz University of Saudi Arabia as a professor.1992: moved to United Arab Emirates University, and became Professor of Natural Sciences.［The fourth period］1995: moved to Tsukuba University to be a professor of the course of international development

engineering.2000: accepted a position of professor of Northeast Asia Studies, University of Shimane.2007: passed away on 20 February, and awarded the professor emeritus from University of Shimane on

the date.　　Dr. Magara was successful in analyzing various, petroleum geological phenomena in the first through third periods. He published three books to sum up his results of studies. His works in the first through third periods are still referred in many works. He changed his targets of studies in the

　＊ The Group for Hydrologic Studies of Subsurface Formation Fluids, Kyoto, 615-8530, Japan

地学雑誌 Journal of Geography（Chigaku Zasshi） 122（1）214—225 2013 doi:10.5026/jgeography.122.214

 215—　　—

fourth period to international development engineering and comparative analyses of relationships between scientists or engineers and specialists of humanities.

Key words： Dr. Kinji Magara, a practical petroleum geologist, sonic porosity of mudstone, compaction of mudstone, basin analysis, international development engineering

I．Introduction

　A series of papers preceding this memorial article are dedicated to the late Dr. Kinji Magara who was born on 23 April 1936 in Fukui Prefec-ture, Japan, and passed away on 20 February 2007 in British Columbia, Canada. Dr. Magara was a petroleum geologist and a critic of inter-national engineering project and their practices. He was also a teacher of petroleum geology and international engineering projects in the universi-ties of petroliferous areas, such as Alberta, Texas, Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Japan. He recognized an emergent need to educate young generation of engineers for international and interdisciplinary projects. He emphasized a pragmatic thinking in petroleum geology, and materialized his thoughts in scientific papers in various aspects of the discipline. Nakayama （2008） has presented Dr. Magara's memorial article. We mainly describe Dr. Magara's scientific face here.

II．Historical Grouping of Works

　His publications can be classified into four groups. Each of the four groups corresponds with a period shown below （also see Appendix）.　1）The First Period　His works in the first period are the records of Dr. Magara's process in development of his research interest and his own methodology to analyze his subjects; physical properties and compaction processes of mudstones in the Neogene in Niigata Prefecture, Northwest Japan. His invention of method to measure mudstone porosity based on sonic logging was a revolution of mudstone study. Before his method appeared, density of cuttings of mudstones from wells was used as an indicator of porosity of mudstone.　 • Sonic logs as a tool to evaluate porosity of

mudstone.

　 • Depth profiles of mudstone porosity in wells as an indicator of its compaction.

　 • Formation fluid flows through compaction processes.

　 • So-called “downward migration of petro-leum.”

　 • Neogene sedimentary basin in Nagaoka Plain, Niigata Prefecture, Northern Central Japan （“Landmark Paper”; AAPG Bull. 1968, 55（12）, 2466-2501）.

　2）The Second and Third Periods The second and third period were the periods of Dr. Magara's realization of practical petroleum geology; basin analysis in Alberta, Canada, Austin, Texas, Saudi Arabia, and Abu Dhabi; expansion of the first period of the studies; he applied his method used in Niigata Basin to basins of the areas listed above, and expanded his interest and products in petroleum geology.　a．The Sceond Period; North America （Canada,

USA）　 • Alberta basin, Canada; Cretaceous mudstone

compaction in Western Canada.　 • Aqua-thermal pressuring; discussion on

Barker's scheme of aquathermal pressuring.　 • Textbook: “Compaction and Fluid Migration:

Practical Petroleum Geology” （“Landmark Textbook,” Elsevier, 1978, Development in Petroleum Geology）.

　 • Frio Formation; Reserves estimates and trapping mechanism （“Landmark Paper”; AAPG Bull. 1968, 66（6）, 649-688, and 66（10）, 1679-1679）.

　b．The Third Period; Arabian Area　 • Arabian Gulf-Arabian Peninsula; Saudi

Arabia, and United Arab Emirates.　 • Textbooks: “Principles of Petroleum Prospect-

ing”, “Geological models of petroleum entrapment.”

 216—　　—

　3）The Fourth Period　International development projects and their promotion from viewpoints of engineering and human resources （Tsukuba University, University of Shimane; Japan）.　 • Natural sciences and social sciences.　 • Roles of scientists and non-scientific project-

promoters.　4）Remarks on the Periods　His works in the periods have been published as many scientific papers, articles, and books. We can still access his works through the publications listed in Dr. Magara's bibliography （see Fig. 1; also, Appendix 1 at the end of this article）.　In the first period he published all of his papers in Niigata and Tokyo, Japan from 1959 to 1967. Mudstone compaction and formation pressures were main subjects to be analyzed. His originality was identified in his favorite method of using sonic logs of mudstones to evaluate compaction process of the Neogene mudstones in the Niigata Basins. One of his remarkable results was to clearly depict and identify stratigraphically downward fluid migration that forms the oil and gas accumulation in the so-called Green Tuff as the Neogene basement in the basins. In line of the studies on formation compaction and pressures, he paid much attention to Hubbert's works.

　In the second period he lived in Alberta, Canada, or Lubbock and Austin, Texas, USA. His works in the second period show his widening of scientific aspects and subjects. Discussions are remarkable in his publication during this period. The main subjects are still mudstone compaction and formation pressures, but viewpoints and coverage of studies were widened. His textbook of mudstone compaction was published from Elsevier, and Frio study with W.E. Galloway and D.K. Hobday were the prosperous fruit of this period. The paper of Frio study was awarded with the Wallace E. Pratt Medal by AAPG in 1984. The second textbook of his practical petroleum geology was the landmark in the third period. Dr. W. Fisher, then Director of the Bureau of Economic Geology, wrote a preface for the book.　In the third period, He lived in Arabian areas, and was a professor of petroleum geology in King Abdul-Aziz University, and United Arab Emirates University in U.A.E. He summed up his geologi-cal ideas and practices in the areas. His products of basin analysis of the Arabian Gulf Basin were published in two papers.　The fourth period in Japan was spent to mainly pursue the non-geological subject; international projects and their promotion from viewpoints of engineering and human resources. He empha-

Fig. 1　 Dr. Magara's eastward around-the world journey along petroliferous routes. He lived mainly in the northern hemisphere except for business trips to the southern hemisphere. He applied his own method of basin analysis, which he invented in Period 1 in Japan before leaving for Canada, to petroliferous basins that he visited in the course of the journey.

 217—　　—

sized unification of scientific talent and non-artful one. He spent his academic time first in Tsukuba University, and cooperated to establish the University of Shimane to be founded by Shimane Prefecture.

III．Style of Works

　1）Magara's Mottos　We would like to describe his style of works di-rectly through our eyes and ears, and through his publications. First, he was a man of discussion. Many of his publications were originated by ques-tions on papers to be reviewed by him for scientific publications. His mottos in writing technical papers were （1） to simplify the discussion; （2） to use one scale （measurements of one properties of many samples can be aligned and can be ordered）; （3） never use complicated mathematics （simple mathematics is enough to analyze physical or chemical properties that essentially control the phenomena to be studied by physics and chemistry）; and （4） to explain everything in the manner of explanation to elementary school boys and girls （never leave equations as equations as mathematical expressions. The equations should be rewritten in a normal, elucidatory language.）　2）Anecdote　Whenever we asked him to review our drafts of papers or reports, he strongly insisted on these mottos. A case of H. Honda was: When Honda was a graduate student of the University of Texas at Austin; he worked on the effects of immobile water in mudstone to oil migration with Dr. Magara working in Bureau of Economic Geology of the university. Dr. Magara gave homework on Friday afternoon to Honda: Establish a method to quan-titatively estimate the fraction of the immobile water in mudstone. Honda should have spent the weekend in Houston for an executive managing director of the company that financially supported Honda in the university. Dr. Magara was not a slow performer in science partly as shown in his mottos mentioned above. If Honda was so slow in setting up his ideas on the homework, Dr. Magara must have set up his own ideas for the homework. An idea suddenly appeared on the Saturday flight to Houston. The quadric equation to solve the

homework-problem and some explanations were worded in only a four-page memo. After returning to Austin, Honda typed out the memo and had a two-page paper on Sunday night. When Honda handed the paper into Dr. Magara on Monday afternoon, just after five minutes' reading the re-port, Dr. Magara started speaking out in English. The mottos were stressed in his talk. Then, he simply said, “Write it down all again in at least ten pages.” He added “Need more illustrative fig-ures. All equations have to be explained in words, and explained to clarify the physical phenomena. Figures are OK in hand-drawing.” After one week Honda submitted to him a ten page paper with a few figures hand-drawn.　Three days later, he called Honda to drop in his office. An enlarged paper of about twenty pages was handed to Honda. Then he said, “Read it, and add all you believe what you need to add. Draw-ings have to be neat. Can you make them neat ones?” One year later, the paper was published in Journal of Petroleum Geology as a coauthored paper （Honda and Magara, 1982）. Honda was always feeling to be witched through the processes for publication of the paper.

IV．Summary

　Dr. Magara was not severe but soft on his surface, but was strongly polemic and severe in his core of science. His polemic character often caused a fight not only in scientific relationships but also in human ones. We are very sorry not to find geological work of Dr. Magara's after he returned to Japan from the long around-the-world journey that was productive in petroleum geology. His scientific papers are still active and quoted in recent AAPG Bulletins. We hope to succeed and develop his sciences not only in petroleum geology but also his style in discussing all in a real frank manner, through our semi-periodical meetings for hydrogeologic studies of subsurface formation fluids. The first meeting was held in March, 2008.

Acknowledgment　Dr. Earle F. McBride, Professor Emeritus in the Uni-ver sity of Texas at Austin, improved English expressions of the early version of this article. Mr. Nathaniel Smith

 218—　　—

summed up and provided me of Dr. Magara's style and performance in his studies; just mathematical and logical. We are very much thankful for their kindness. H. Honda, the main writer of this note, deeply thanks an editorial member for his effort to improve and formulate this manuscript to be readable and neatly fit to Journal's format.

Reference

Honda, H. and Magara, K. （1982）: Estimation of irreducible water saturation and effective pore size of mudstone. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 4, 407-418.

Nakayama, K. （2008）: Memorial; Dr. Kinji Magara （1936-2007）. AAPG Bulletins, 92, 270-271.

（Received 9 February, 2011; Accepted 3 December, 2012）

 219—　　—

Appendix 1 Dr. Magara's Publications in 1966 through 2007.　Showing a chronological list of Dr. Magara's writings is the best way to show his range of researches and variations in science, engineering and humanities. Dr. Magara's publications are listed here in his research periods of research characteristics as described in the main text. His development and changes in his science, engineer-ing and humanities can be easily observed in the lists by chronologically tracing the titles of writings. His papers and articles written in Japanese are listed first in Japanese, and followed by English titles, etc., As for English titles, etc. re shown in the original journals, etc., we followed them. In case no English titles are found, we interpreted them and showed them in English after the Japanese titles etc.　Dr. Magara's name is omitted from his single-author papers. As for co-authored papers, all co-authors are listed to show the order of co-authoring. Dr. Magara's publications were written in Japanese or English. We list his publications as long as we can find and directly confirm the existence of the publications. The publications are classified and ascendantly listed. The papers written in Japanese are first listed, and those in English follow them. The publications were zoned based on the Periods that are defined in the main text shown above. The publications in the First and Second Periods are for geosciences, and those in the Third Period are for geopolitics and resources development or for engineering education with an exception. The publications in the First and Third Periods are mostly written in Japanese. Scientific papers and other articles are listed first, and books, etc. are second.　（J） in the list indicates that the paper listed was originally written in Japanese. The present English name of Journal of Japanese Association for Petroleum Technology （JAPT） was changed from Japanese Association of Petroleum Technolo­gists Journal to the one upon Vol. 48, No.4 in 1983; （石油技術協会誌 in Japanese）. The list shows the year of the publication, co-authors' names if the paper was co-authored, title in Japanese, Journal or bulletin name, number of volume （bold）,

number in the volume （in parentheses） if any, and range of pages. English information follows the Japanese one.

≪ The First Period≫1966：長岡平野の火山岩油層について（その異常高圧の原因に関する 1考察）．石油技術協会誌，31（1），22-29．［Volcanic reservoir rocks and reservoir pressure in Nagaoka District, Niigata Prefecture. JAPT Jour., 31（1）, 22-29. （J）］

1966：Sonic Logの探鉱への応用．石油技術協会誌，31（2），51-58．［Application of sonic logs in explora-tion. JAPT Jour., 31（2）, 51-58. （J）］

1966：検層データによる異常高圧層の判定．石油技術協会誌，31（6）， 67-70．［Diagnosis of abnormal high pressures from electrical logging （no original English title）. JAPT Jour., 31（6）, 67-70. （J）］

1966：検層データによる油圧の推定．石油技術協会誌，31（6），266-273．［Estimation of reservoir pressures from electrical logging—Shiunji Field, Niigata Prefecture—. JAPT Jour., 31（6）, 266-273.］

1967：紫雲寺ガス田における下方移動の可能性について．石油技術協会誌，32（1），1-8．［Possibility of down ward migration at Shiunji gas field, Niigata Prefecture. JAPT Jour., 32（1）, 1-8.］

1967：（資料）異常高圧層の推定．石油技術協会誌，32（2），85-87．［（Research Material） Prediction of abnormal high pressures. JAPT Jour., 32（2）, 85-87.］

1967：検層による異常高圧層の推定．応用地質，8（3），143-150．［Prediction of abnormal high pressures. JAPT Jour., 32（2）, 85-87.］

1967：長岡平野における泥質岩の圧緊と圧緊水流．石油技術協会誌，32（3），111-119．［Compaction of muddy sediments and compaction currents, Naga-oka Plain, Japan. JAPT Jour., 32（3）, 111-119.］

1967：加藤正和・真柄欽次・保泉忠夫・石津秀信；ワイヤーライン フォーメイション テスターの実績に関する考察．石油技術協会誌，32（6），354-364．［Kato, M., Magara, K., Hoizumi, T. and Ishizu, H., Consideration on the wireline formation tester. JAPT Jour., 32（6）, 354-364.］

1968：Hydrodynamics Geology．石油技術協会誌，33（2），136-140．［Hydrodynamics Geology, JAPT Jour., 33（2）, 136-140.］

1968：上方移動と下方移動に関する考察（1）．石油技術協会誌，33（4），228-235．［Considerations of up wards and downwards migration of fluids, （Part 1）. JAPT Jour., 33（4）, 228-235.］

1968：上方移動と下方移動に関する考察（2）．石油技術協会誌，33（5），318-325．［Considerations of upwards and downwards migration of fluids, （Part 2）. JAPT Jour., 33（5）, 318-325.］

 220—　　—

≪ The Second Period≫1968：Compaction and migration of fluids in Miocene

mudstone, Nagaoka plain, Japan. AAPG Bull., 52（12）, 2466-2501.

1969：頁岩の孔隙率—浸透率関係について．石油技術協会誌，34（1），1-7．［Porosity-permeability relation-ship of shale. JAPT Jour., 34（1）, 1-7.］

1969：Upward and downward migrations of fluids in the subsurface. Bull. Canadian Petroleum Geology, 17（3）, 20-46.

1969：Porosity-permeability relationship of shale. Ca na­dian Well Logging Society Journal, 2, 47-73.

1971：Permeability considerations in generation of ab normal pressures. Soc. Petrol. Eng. Journal, 11, 236-242.

1972：Compaction and fluid migration in Cretaceous shales of western Canada. Geol. Survey Canada Paper, 72-18, 81p.

1974：Compaction, ion filtration, and osmosis in shale and their significance in primary migration. AAPG Bull., 58（2）, 283-290.

1974：Aquathermal fluid migration. AAPG Bull., 58（12）, 2513-2516.

1975：Reevaluation of montmorillonite dehydration as cause of abnormal pressure and hydrocarbon migration. AAPG Bull., 59（2）, 292-302.

1975：Magara, K., Stone, D.S. and Hoeger, R.L.; Importance of hydrodynamic factor in formation of lower Cretaceous combination traps, Big Muddy-South Glenrock area, Wyoming ［Discussion and Reply］. AAPG Bull., 59（5）, 890-899.

1975：Importance of aquathermal pressuring effect in Gulf Coast. AAPG Bull., 59（10）, 2037-2045.

1976：Thickness of removed sedimentary rocks, paleo-pore-pressure, and paleotemperature, southwestern part of Western Canada Basin. AAPG Bull., 60（4）, 554-565.

1976：Water expulsion from clastic sediments during Compaction—Directions and Volumes. AAPG Bull., 60（4）, 543–553.

1977：Petroleum migration and accumulation. in Hob-son, G.D. ed., Developments in Petroleum Geology, 1. Applied Science Publishers, 82-126.

1977：A theory relating isopachs to paleocompaction water-movement in a sedimentary basin. Bull. Canadian Petroleum Geology, 25（1）, 195-207.

1978：Geological model predicting optimum sandstone percentage for oil accumulation. CSPG Reservoir, 5（11）, 1-2.

1978：The significance of the expulsion of water in oil-phase primary migration. Bull. Canadian Petroleum Geology, 26（1）, 123-131.

1978：Time of oil generation and migration and oil window. Bull. Canadian Petroleum Geology, 26（3）, 152-155.

1978：Theoretical model predicting optimum sandstone per cent for oil accumulation. Bull. Canadian

Petroleum Geology, 26（3）, 380-392.1978：Primary Migration Agents: Abstract. AAPG Bull.,

62（3）, 538.1978：Compaction and Fluid Migration: Practical

Petroleum Geology （Developments in Petroleum Science, No.9）. Elsevier Science Ltd., 320p, 10fig. （Hard-cover book）.

1979：Structured water and its significance in primary oil migration. Bull. Canadian Petroleum Geology, 27（1）, 87-92.

1979：Thickness of removed sedimentary rocks, paleo-pore pressure, and paleotemperature, southwestern part of Western Canada Basin: Discussion. AAPG Bull., 63（5）, 814-815.

1979：Formation water salinity and its exploration application. Transactions of the CWLS Formation Evaluation Symposium, 7, S1-S8.

1979：Magara, K, Wardlaw, N.C. and Cassan, J.P.; Estimation of recovery efficiency by visual observa-tion of pore systems in reservoir rocks; discussion and reply. Bull. Canadian Petroleum Geology, 27（3）, 400-404.

1979：Identification of sandstone body types by computer method. Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology, 11（3）, 269-283.

1980：Kaiser, W.R., Magara, K., Milliken, K.L., Rich-mann, D.L., unknown （manuscript in BEG?）; Using presence of calcite cap rock in shales to pre dict occurrence of reservoirs composed of leached secon-dary porosity in the geopressured zone.

1980：Comparison of porosity-depth relationships of shale and sandstone. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 3（2）, 175-185.

1980：Magara, K. and Van Elsberg, J.N.; A new approach to sediment diagenesis; discussion and reply. Bull. Canadian Petroleum Geology, 28（2）, 290-295.

1980：Agents for primary hydrocarbon migration; a review. in Roberts, W.H., III and Cordell, R.J. eds., Problems of Petroleum Migration. AAPG Studies in Geology, 10, 33-45.

1980：Facts and principles of world petroleum occu r rence, in Miall, A.D. ed., Canadian Society of Pet ro leum Geologists Memoir, 6, 173-191.

1980：Evidences of primary oil migration. AAPG Bull., 64（12）, 2108-2117.

1980：古宇田亮一・真柄欽次; 流通系の動かない水（演旨）．三鉱学会秋期連合学術講演会講演要旨集（昭和55年度），92-92，日本岩石鉱物鉱床学会・日本鉱物学会・日本鉱山地質学会．［Kouda, R. and Magara, K.; Abstract; Non-movable water in transort system. 1980 Fall Combined Conference of Petrological, Mineralogical and Mineral Resources Associations, Abstract-book, 92.］

1980：青柳宏一・風間利栄・淺川　忠・眞柄欽次；モンモリロナイト粘土の圧密実験（その 5）：堆積．日本地質学会学術大会講演要旨，87，198．［Ao yagi, K., Kazama, T., Asakawa, T. and Magara, K.;

 221—　　—

Expermental studies of clay mineral compaction of montmorillonite （5）. Sedimentological Section, Abstract­book of Scientific Conference of Society and Japanese Geological Society, 87, 198.］

1981：堆積盆地内での圧密水，続成水，天水の移動と石油の集積．杉山隆二・池辺展生・星野通平・柴崎 達雄編：堆積盆内の流体移動．東海大学出版，27-36．［Migrations of compaction water, diagenetic water and meteoric water, and accumulation of petroleum in sedimentary basins. in Sugiyama, R., Ikebe, N., Hoshino, M. and Shibazaki, T. eds.; Fluid Migrations in Sedimentary Basins. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, 27-36.］

1981：Mechanisms of natural fracturing in a sedimen-tary basin. AAPG Bull., 65（1）, 123-132.

1981：Magara, K. and Toth, J.; Patterns of dynamic pressure increment of formation-fluid flow in large drainage basins, exemplified by the Red Earth region, Alberta, Canada; discussion and reply. Bull. Canadian Petroleum Geology, 29（1）, 134-142.

1981：Hydrodynamics; does it trap oil?. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 4（2）, 177-186.

1981：Direct estimate of hydrocarbon volume from a con ductivity log. Journal of Japanese Association of Petro leum Technologists, 46（3）, 183-188.

1981：Static versus dynamic interpretation in petroleum geology. AAPG Bull., 65（3）, 531-539.

1981：Possible primary migration of oil globules. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 3（3）, 325-331.

1981：Capping rock and its formation, 1981 AAPG annual convention with division; SEPM/EMD/DPA. AAPG Bull., 65（5）, 952.

1981：Fluid dynamics for cap-rock formation in Gulf Coast. AAPG Bull., 65（7）, 1334-1343.

1981：Kaiser, W.R., Magara, K., Milliken, K.L. and Rich-mann, D.L.; Petrography, water-rock interaction, and cap-rock distribution as potential indicators of secondary porosity in the Frio and Vicksburg forma-tions of Texas. Abstracts of the 15th Annual Meeting of the Geological Society of America, South­Central Section, Abstracts with Programs, Geological Society of America, 13（5）, 240.

1982a：Galloway, W.E., Hobday, D.K. and Magara, K.; Frio Formation of the Texas Gulf Coast Basin; depo sitional systems, structural framework, and hydro carbon origin, migration, distribution, and ex ploration potential. Report of Investigations­Texas, University, Bureau of Economic Geology, 122, 78p.

1982b：Galloway, W.E., Hobday, D.K. and Magara, K.; Frio Formation of Texas Gulf Coastal Plain: Depositional systems, structural framework, and hydrocarbon distributio. AAPG Bull., 66（6）, 649-688. （awarded with Wallace E. Pratt Medal in 1984）

1982c：Galloway, W.E., Hobday, D.K. and Magara, K.; Frio Formation of Texas Gulf Coastal Plain: Depositional systems, structural framework, and

hydrocarbon distribution: Erratum. AAPG Bull., 66（10）, 1679-1679.

1982：Honda, H. and Magara, K.; Estimation of irreduc-ible water saturation and effective pore size of mudstone. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 4（4）, 407-418.

1983：Smith, N.G., Kyle, J.R. and Magara, K.; Geo-physical log documentation of fluid migration from compacting shales, Pine Point area, Canada. The Geological Society of America, 96th Annual Meeting, Abstracts with Programs­Geological Society of America, 15（6）, 690.

1983：Galloway, W.E., Hobday, D.K. and Magara, K.; Frio Formation of Texas Gulf Coast plain; Depositional systems, structural framework, and hydrocarbon distribution, Part 1. Oil & Gas Journal, 81（13）, 149-160.

1983：Galloway, W.E., Hobday, D.K. and Magara, K.; Frio Formation of Texas Gulf Coast Plain; depositional systems, structural framework, and hydrocarbon distribution; conclusion. Oil & Gas Journal, 81（14）, 149-165.

1983：Physical constraints of faulting in a geopressured sedimentary basin. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 5（4）, 417-426.

1983：Smith, N.G., Kyle, J.R. and Magara, K.; Geo-physical log documentation of fluid migration from compacting shales; a mineralization model from the Devonian strata of the Pine Point area, Canada. Economic Geology and the Bull. of the Society of Economic Geologists, 78（7）, 1364-1374.

1986：Porosity-depth relationship during compaction in hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic cases. in Burrus, J. ed., Thermal Modeling in Sedimentary Basins, 129-149.

1986：Geological Models of Petroleum Entrapment. Elsevier Applied Science Publishers, London, xiv, 328p. （Hard-cover book）.

≪ The Third Period≫1986：Principles of Petroleum Prospecting. Scientific

Publishing Centre of King Abdulaziz University. （Loose-bound Book）

1987：Galloway, W.E., Hobday, D.K. and Magara, K.; Frio Formation of Texas Gulf Coastal Plain: depositional systems, structural framework, and hydrocarbon distribution Reservoirs II: Sandstones. AAPG Treatise of Petroleum Geology, Atlas of Oil and Gas Fields, 4, 268-307.

1987：Fluid flow due to sediment loading; an applica-tion to the Arabian Gulf region. in Goff, J.C. and Williams, B.P.J. eds., Fluid Flow in Sedimentary Basins and Aquifers, Geological Society Special Publications, 34, 19-28.

1988：Sail, I.A. and Magara, K.; Petroleum generation and maturation of the Arabian gulf region. Journal of King Abdulaziz University. Earth Science, 1, 27-60.

 222—　　—

1988：Sail, I.A., Abdulla, H.M. and Magara, K.; Litho-statistical study of both the Jurassic and Cretaceous type sections in Saudi Arabia. Journal of King Abdulaziz University. Earth Science, 1, 61-85.

1989：Isostatic balance during sediment loading and unloading in continental margins. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 12（4）, 437-452.

1989：Sharief, F.A., Magara, K. and Abdulla, H.M.; Depositional system and reservoir potential of the Middle Cretaceous Wasia Formation in central-eastern Arabia. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 6（4）, 303-315.

1990：Porosity, specific surface area and permeability relations in compacted sediments. in Radain, A.A. （prefacer）, The First Saudi Symposium on Earth Sciences; Proceedings, Journal of King Abdulaziz University. Earth Science, 3, 217-225.

1991：Sharief, F.A., Khan, M.S. and Magara, K.; Outcrop-subcrop sequence and diagenesis of Upper Jurassic Arab-Hith formations, central Saudi Arabia. Jour­nal of King Abdulaziz University. Earth Science, 4, 105-136.

1992：Efficiency of petroleum concentration in major petroliferous basins. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 15（1）, 71-85.

1992：Giant oil accumulations and their areal con-cen tration efficiency, Said, Ahmad （president）, Sympo sium on the Tectonic framework and energy re sources of the western margin of the Pacific Basin, Warta Geologi—Newsletter of the Geological Society of Malaysia, 18（6）, 259.

1992：Origin and evolution of sedimentary basins and their energy and mineral resources; book review. AAPG Bull., 76（2）, 293-294.

1992：Geology of Japan; book review. AAPG Bull., 76（10）, 1644-1645.

1993：Magara, K., Khan, M.S., Sharief, F.A. and H.N. Al-Khatib; Log-derived reservoir properties and poros-ity preservation of Upper Jurassic Arab Formation in Saudi Arabia. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 10（4）, 352-363.

1993：Basin analysis; quantitative methods; book review. Marine Geology, 110（1-2）, 191.

1994：Alsharhan, A.S. and Magara, K.; The Jurassic of the Arabian Gulf Basin; facies, depositional setting and hydrocarbon habitat. in Embry, A.F., Beauchamp, B. and Glass, D.J., eds., Pangea; Global Environments and Resources, Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, Memoir, 17, 397-412,

≪ The Fourth Period≫1998：国際開発学における工学教育の重要性．工学教育，46（3），6-8．［Importance of techno-literacy in the education of international development. Journal of JSEE, 46（3）, 6-8.］

1998：開発途上国内の所得不平等とエネルギー消費．開発技術，4，57-63．［Income inequality and energy

consumption patterns in development and coopera-tion. Development Engineering, 4, 57-63. （J）］

1998：＜わたしの提言＞大学教育改善の可能性．筑波フォーラム，51，140-142．［My Opinion; Possi bili ties to improve university education. Tsukuba For um, 51, 140-142. （J）］

2000：＜漫筆漫歩＞会社訪問．筑波フォーラム，55，16-20．［Causeries and Rambles; A visit to a company. Tsukuba Forum, 55, 16-20. （J）］

2001：北東アジアの天然ガス資源と今世紀日本のエネルギー政策．北東アジア研究，島根県立大学，2，109-120．［Natural gas resources of the northeast Asia region and Japan's energy policy in the 21st century. University of Shimane, Researches of Northeast Asia, 2, 109-120. （J）］

2001：科学と技術の融合．工学教育，49（6），23-30．［In te gration of science and technology. Journal of JSEE, 49（6）, 23-30. （J）］

2002：21世紀アジアの人口政策と環境保護．総合政策論叢，島根県立大学，3，1-9．［Asia's population and environmental problems in the 21st century. Collected Essays of General Policy, University of Shimane, 3, 1-9. （J）］

2002：＜解題＞クヅネツオフ博士の論文について．北東アジア研究，島根県立大学，3，37-38．［（Explana-tory Note） On Dr. Kuznetsov's Paper. Northeast Asia Studies, University of Shimane, 3, 37-38. （J）］

2002：北東アジアのエネルギーと環境問題．リポート 21「21世紀，公開講座」から，島根県立大学，165-170．［Problems of energy and environment in northeast Asia. Report 21, Open University Course “21st Century,” University of Shimane, 165-170. （J）］

2002：アジアにおけるエネルギー事情と環境対策．資源環境対策，38（6），627-633．［Energy affairs and envi ronmental policy in Asia. Journal of Resource and Environment, 38（6）, 627-633.］

2002：北東アジアを見据えた，今世紀日本のエネルギー政策．宇野重昭編：北東アジア研究と開発研究．105-118．［Japan's Energy Policy in this century with focusing to Northeast Asia. in Uno, S. ed., Studies of Northeast Asia and its Development. 105-118.］

2002：今世紀アジアの持続可能な食糧生産と環境保護．開発技術，開発技術学会，8，1-8．［Sustainable food production and environmental protection in Asia and the Pacific Region in the 21st century. Deve lopment Engineering, International Develop-ment Engineering Society, 8, 1-8.）

2002：グローバル化時代のエネルギー政策 （世界はいま，日本はいま—島根の未来（あした）を見据えて）．リポート 21，島根県立大学，107-115．［Energy policy in the age of globalization—Fixing our eyes onto the future （tomorrow） of Shimane. Report 21, University of Shimane, 107-115.］

2003：アジアの森林と生物多様性の保護，並びにその政策．総合政策論叢，島根県立大学，4，77-88．［Protection of Asia's forest and biological diversity,

 223—　　—

and its policy. Collected Essays of General Policy, University of Shimane, 4, 77-88.］

2003：21世紀中国のエネルギーと環境問題．北東アジア研究，島根県立大学，5，67-74．［Energy and environmental policies of China in 21st century. Northeast Asia Studies, University of Shimane, 5, 67-74.］

2003：グローバル化時代のエネルギー問題．リポート 21「21世紀，公開講座」から，島根県立大学，107-116．［Energy problems in the age of globalization. Report 21 Open University Course “the 21st Cen tury,” University of Shimane, 107-116.］

2003：グローバル化時代のエネルギー問題．リポートNEARカレッジ「北東アジア地域研究島根県立大学院」から，財団法人北東アジア地域学術交流財団，47-56．［Energy Pproblems in the age of glo bali-zation. Report NEAR College, Northeast Asia Re­sear ch, Graduate School of University of Shima ne, 47-56.］

2003：経済開発と沿岸への人口移動により危機に瀕するアジアの海洋資源．開発技術，9，9-19．［Asia's marine resources endangered by economic growth and shift of the population toward coastal regions, Development Engineering, 9, 9-19.］

2003：アジアのエコシステムとその保護．総合政策論叢，島根県立大学，6，71-82．［Asia's ecosystems and its protection. Collected Essays of General Policy, University of Shimane, 6, 71-82.］

2003：天然ガスの地下備蓄，21世紀日本のエネルギー安全保障と環境政策．総合政策論叢，島根県立大学，6，83-92．［Underground storage of natural gas; Energy security and environmental policy. Collected Essays of General Policy, University of Shimane, 6, 83-92.］

2003：Volcanic reservoir rocks of northwestern Honshu Island, Japan. in Petford, N. and McCaffrey, K.J.W., eds., Hydrocarbons in Crystalline Rocks, Geological Society Special Publications, 214, 69-81.

2003：Ecological consequences from growing population in the coastal regions of Asia and the Pacific. 総合政策論叢，島根県立大学，4，1-14．［Ecological con-sequences from growing population in the coastal regions of Asia and the Pacific. Collected Essays of General Policy, University of Shimane, 4, 1-14.］

2003：Asia's population growth and migration toward the coastal districts, and their impacts on marine ecosystem. Siberia and Japan in North­eastern Asia, Irkutsk State University and University of Shimane, 99-108.

2004：極東シベリアの石油と天然ガス，並びに我国の環境政策．北東アジア研究，島根県立大学，6，199-212．［Energy resources of Siberian Far East and Japan's policy on environmental protection. Northeast Asia Studies, University of Shimane, 6, 199-212.］

2004：21世紀正解の一次エネルギー展望と北東アジア・天延ガス資源の重要性．北東アジア研究，島

根県立大学，7，103-120．［Natural gas resources of the North East Asia region and Japan's energy policy in the 21st century. Northeast Asia Studies, University of Shimane, 7, 103-120.］

2004：環境における ITの役目．メディアセンター報告，島根県立大学メディアセンター，4，12-15．［Roles of IT in environmental issues. Report of Media Center, Media Center, University of Shimane, 4, 12-15.］

2004：北米におけるファカルティ・デベロップメント（F.D.）調査報告．メディアセンター報告，島根県立大学メディアセンター，4，28-31．［Faculty Development （F.D.） in the North America, Research Report. Report of Media Center, Media Center, University of Shimane, 4, 28-31.］

2004：極東シベリアの天然ガス開発と日本のエネルギー政策—資源開発・輸送拠点としてのイルクーツクに焦点を当てて—．メディアセンター報告，島根県立大学メディアセンター，4，57-59．［Development of natural gas in Far East Siberia; Focusing onto Irkutsk as a base for resources development and material transport. Report of Media Center, Media Center, University of Shimane, 4, 57-59.］

2004：日本海沿岸，幹線ガスパイプライン建設とわが国のエネルギー安全保障．メディアセンター報告，島根県立大学メディアセンター，4，60-61．［Construction of main pipe-lines along the coastal areas of the Sea of Japan, and energy security of our country. Report of Media Center, Media Center, University of Shimane, 4, 60-61.］

2004：アジアの沿岸地帯への人口移動による海洋環境破壊とその保護政策，第 7章．宇野重昭・勝村哲也・今岡日出紀編：海洋資源開発とオーシャン・ガバナンス．国際書院，153-170．［Chapter 7. Destruc-tion of oceanic environments in Asia's coastal region caused by immigration and Protection Policy of the Environment, in Uno, S., Katsumura, T. and Imaoka, H. eds., Development of Oceanic Resources and Ocean Governance. Kokusai-Shoin, 153-170.］

2004：専門性と総合性，並びに石油産業における文理工の融合．石油開発時報，142，43-47．［Specialty and synthesis, and fusion of humanities, sciences and engineering. Sekiyu Kaihatu Jiho （News in Petroleum Development）, 142, 43-47.］

2004：研究と教育のパラドックス，並びに教育評価への展望．メディア教育研究，メディア教育センター，1（1），149-153．［Paradox between research and teaching in the university environment and forecast for teaching-ability. Journal of Multimedia Aided Education Research, 1（1）, 149-153.］

2004：理系と文系の融合，一自然科学者の見方．総合政策論叢，島根県立大学，8，211-219.　［Integration of sciences and Liberal arts—A natural scientist's view—. Collected Essays of General Policy, Univer-sity of Shimane, 8，211-219. （J）］

2005：積極的環境論 vs消極的環境論，特に極東シベリアの天然ガス資源に視点を置いて．北東アジア研

 224—　　—

究，島根県立大学，8，25-43．［Active vs. passive environmental protection: With a special focus on natural gas resources of the Siberian Far East. Northeast Asia Studies, University of Shimane, 8, 25-43.］

2005：水素エネルギーの世紀：21世紀への展望．総合政策論叢，島根県立大学，9, 1-16．［21st century, the new era to be empowered by hydrogen Energy. Collected Essays of General Policy, University of Shimane, 9, 1-16. （J）］

2006：ロシアの化石燃料資源と我が国のエネルギー・環境政策（特集：北東アジアの天然資源）．［Russia's Fossil Fuel Resources and Their Significance for Japan's Energy­Environmental Policies.］

2006：京都議定書発効と中国の炭層ガス開発．総合政策論叢（浅野雅巳教授・鈴木登教授御退職記念号），島根県立大学，11，63-73，英文抄訳; 231．［Kyoto

Protocol and development of coal bed methane in China. Collected Essays of General Policy —Special Issue for the retiring Professors Masami Asano and Takashi Suzuki, University of Shimane, 11，63-73. （J）］

2006：ロシアの化石燃料資源と我が国のエネルギー・環境政策（特集：北東アジアの天然資源）．北東アジア研究，島根県立大学，11，1-7．［Russia's fossil fuel resources and their significance for Japan's energy-environmental policies. Northeast Asia Studies, University of Shimane, 11, 1-7.］

2007：柳　小正・真柄欽次; 中国のエネルギー問題に関する研究課題．北東アジア研究，島根県立大学，13，123-136．［Liu, Xiaozheng and Magara, K.; Research topics on energy problem in China. Northeast Asia Studies, University of Shimane, 13, 123-136.］

 225—　　—

眞柄欽次博士—実践的石油地質学者かつ実践的国際事業活動評論家—

本 田 博 巳＊ 中 山 一 夫＊ 星 一 良＊ 徳 永 朋 祥＊ 古 宇 田 亮 一＊ 松 岡 俊 文＊

　故眞柄欽次博士は 1936年 4月 23日に福井県で誕生され，カナダ，ブリティッシュコロンビア州 ,ヴィクトリアにて 2007年 2月 20日に逝去された。眞柄さん（以下，会の通例に従い，「さん」で呼ばせていただくことする）は 1960年代に，新潟県の第三系堆積盆において，坑井での音波検層ログを利用して，世界に先駆けて，泥質岩の圧密過程の解析方法と地下流体移動論を打ち立てられた方である。日本におけるだけでなく，世界的に評価された「石油の下方移動論」を提唱し，今日の用語でいう，Basin analysisを実行された。眞柄さんの業績は大掴みにして，以下のような 4期に分帯できよう。［第 1期］1959年～：京都大学理学部卒業（地質学専攻）;

帝国石油に入社; 後に，石油資源開発（株）に移籍。この間，新潟県内での試掘等携わるとともに，泥質岩の圧密に関する研究を行う。成果を順次，石油技術協会誌に公表した。京都大学より理学博士。

［第 2期］1967年：Canadian National Geology Research

の研究員に招聘; 後に Calgary, Alberta, Ca-

na daに移動。1969年：Imperial Oil Company （Exxon Cana-

da）に exploration specialistとして入社。

1977年：Reservoir Studies Institute, Texas

Tech Universityの Professorに就任。1979 年：Bureau of Economic Geology, the

University of Texas at Austin に research

scient ist/adjunct professorとして就任。［第 3期］1981年：King Abdul-Aziz University of Saudi

Arabiaの Professorに就任。1992年：United Arab Emirates University の

Pro fessor of Natural Sciencesに就任。［第 4期］1995年：筑波大学大学院教授就任。2000年：島根県立大学大学院北東アジア研究科

教授就任。2007年 2月 20日 : 逝去。同日付で島根県立大学大学院名誉教授就任。

　眞柄さんの業績は多岐にわたる。第 1期・2

期・3期では石油地質学のさまざまな現象を簡明な数理と物理により解明することに成功し，解析対象の地域，領域を拡大していった。その成果は3冊の著書として残る。第 4期以降は資源開発などの国際事業の展開，理系の人間と文系の人間のものの考え方の異同などを技術者の役割の観点から分析した。第 1・2・3期の論文は現在も引用され，研究活動で活きている。

キーワード：眞柄欽次博士，実践的石油地質学者，泥質岩音波検層孔隙率，泥質岩圧密，堆積盆解析，国際開発工学

　＊ 地層水の水理学の会