Mycoplasma hyosynoviae:Field Experience in Grow-Finish

PopulationsMegan Schnur, DVM

Carthage Veterinary Service

Monday, September 19th, 2016Allen D. Leman Swine Conference

Saint Paul River Center

Overview

• Background• Prevalence and Clinical Signs • Production Impact• Control Strategy and Results• Final Thoughts

Differential Diagnoses

• Muscle damage• OCD• Trauma• Mycoplasma hyosynoviae (MHS)• Mycoplasma hyorhinis• Erysipelas• Glässer’s disease• Vesicular diseases

M. hyosynoviae

• Ubiquitous• Variable clinical expression

Colonization

- Upper respiratory tract- Incubation phase ≥4 days- ≥4-8 weeks of age

Acute Phase

- Joint/tissue spread- 1-2 weeks

Subacute/Chronic Phase

- Arthritis- 3-16 weeks post-exposure

Diagnosis of MHS

Diagnosis of MHS

• Clinically lame• Detection of organism in joint fluid, • And synovial tissue microscopic lesions

– Similar detection rates among hock and stifle joints

• ISU preferred samples– Joint fluid > Joint swabs/tissue (synovium)

MHS Oral Fluid PCR

• Nasal/pharyngeal secretions and lungs – Healthy pigs

• Sensitive: – Colonization ≠ infection– Detection ≠ clinical

• Tonsil stress/predisposing factors (??) systemic spread joint localization arthritis

Case Study: “Farm B”

“Farm B” Layout• 6400 head breed-to-wean site

– PRRS, PED negative– Flu vaccinated/stable– Myco vaccinated/stable

• Replacement gilts received q 4 weeks– Multiplier/Source farm: PIC maternal x 1010 semen– 3 weeks of age at weaning

• Vaccines: PCV2 and Ileitis at multiplier; Myco post-arrival– Groups (“Lots”) = 325 head

• On-site, attached, 2-room isolation– Plastic flooring– 8 weeks– PRRS/PED tested/cleared adjacent Grower/GDU– 4 diets

GDU

1

2

“Farm B” GDU• GDU

– Grower: • 18 pens of 3 different sizes (6 of each)

– 27’ x 18’11”, 27’ x 15’5”, 27’ x 11’1”– Additional hospital pen (27’ x 6’6”)

• 3 Lots (12 weeks) of gilts • 2 diets• Static pens • Tunnel ventilated

– Finisher: • Electronic Sow Feeder training stations – 4 weeks

• Lot moves after training period to full feeders• 10 pens: 2 Lots (8 weeks)• 1 pen: non-selects• 1 pen: hospital• 2 diets• Tunnel ventilated

ISO

“Farm B” Clinical Signs• Hind limb lameness, +/-

joint swelling and pain resulting in gait alteration– Onset at 14-15 weeks

of age– 1-10% prevalence

• Quantified monthly• Veterinary site visits

– Clinical spectrum • Clinically unaffected

(subclinical)• Slow/reluctant to rise• Muscular tremors• “Dog-sitters”

Assessing Lameness

“Farm B” Tissue Diagnostics

• Presentation: Gilt, 14 weeks of age, severe bilateral hind limb lameness

• Submission: 2 intact hind limbs • Histopathology: Lymphoplasmacytic synovitis• Molecular: Joint fluid MHS PCR positive • Culture: No significant growth on joint swab• Diagnosis: Mycoplasmal arthritis

Oral Fluid GDU Cross-Sectional

University of Minnesota Diagnostic support: Elanco

“Farm B”

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

# N

ew T

reat

men

ts

Week Post Placement

Lameness Treatments By Week

Turn I New Treats

Turn II New Treats

Turn III New Treats (Current Turn)“Farm B” Downstream WTF

Production Impact of Lameness

• Not specific to cause of lameness• Gilt mortality

– By age and reason

• Sow mortality– By parity and reason

• Sow culls– By parity and reason

“Farm B” Gilt Production ImpactGilt Group Mortality by Reason & Age (Groups 1506 -1607)

Body condition Lameness

Rectal prolapse Unknown Diarrhea Starveouts Ileitis Unthrifty HBS HPS Strep

0 -20 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 021 - 30 5 2 0 3 0 1 0 1 0 0 031 - 40 0 3 0 2 0 0 0 5 0 0 041 - 50 0 4 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 051 - 60 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 061 - 70 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 071 - 80 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 081 - 90 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 4 0 0 091 -100 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

101 - 110 0 3 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1111 - 120 0 3 0 4 0 0 0 5 0 0 0121 - 130 1 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0131 - 140 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0141 - 150 0 6 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0151 -160 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total161 -170 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 101Total, % 14% 43% 0% 20% 0% 2% 0% 21% 0% 0% 1%

43/3900 = 1% of starting inventory

“Farm B” Sow Production ImpactDeaths by Parity and Reason

Farm BREMOVEDATE BETWEEN '2015-08-01' AND '2016-07-31' AND REMOVETYPEID=0

ParityRemove Reason 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 TOTAL %Abortion 3 3 2 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 11 1%Body Condition 15 11 3 6 5 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 44 6%Central Nervous 3 2 2 2 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 13 2%Difficult Farrowing 4 9 7 4 9 7 4 2 3 1 1 0 51 7%Downer 65 35 24 27 23 19 8 8 2 2 1 0 214 28%Farrow Productivity 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0%Gastro Intestinal 1 2 0 4 1 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 13 2%Heat Stress 5 8 9 7 5 6 3 2 1 1 0 1 48 6%Hemorrhaging 4 6 4 6 9 2 2 4 2 1 0 0 40 5%Lameness 28 20 10 11 7 6 5 3 7 1 0 0 98 13%No Heat 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0%Old Age / Parity 0 2 1 0 0 2 1 0 4 4 1 0 15 2%Rectal Prolapse 2 16 8 6 4 7 5 2 2 0 0 0 52 7%Rectal Stricture 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0%Respiratory 7 11 4 6 0 5 4 3 1 1 0 0 42 5%Unknown 4 12 6 5 14 3 4 6 2 1 0 0 57 7%Urogenital 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0%Uterine Prolapse 5 16 8 11 6 6 4 1 1 0 0 0 58 8%TOTAL 147 154 90 97 88 69 41 36 26 13 3 1 765Lameness % 19% 13% 11% 11% 8% 9% 12% 8% 27% 8% 0% 0%

“Farm B” Sow Production ImpactCulls by Parity and Reason

Farm BREMOVEDATE BETWEEN '2015-08-01' AND '2016-07-31' AND REMOVETYPEID=1

ParityRemove Reason 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 TOTAL %Abortion 22 19 10 9 6 5 5 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 81 3%Body Condition 25 79 29 16 12 2 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 168 6%Difficult Farrowing 0 1 0 4 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 7 0%Farrow Productivity 0 19 46 53 60 58 29 14 11 2 1 1 0 0 0 294 10%Genetics 12 0 2 2 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19 1%Hemorrhaging 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0%Lameness 45 48 11 15 12 3 6 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 144 5%Multiple Returns 59 64 14 22 12 7 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 181 6%No Heat 86 51 28 16 13 3 4 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 203 7%Not Trainable 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0%Not in Pig (NIP) 48 40 20 22 14 14 15 10 9 0 1 0 0 0 0 193 7%Old Age / Parity 1 2 5 17 37 72 103 121 245 242 133 50 12 2 1 1043 37%Preg Check Negative (PCN) 61 92 71 68 53 52 33 21 15 3 0 2 0 0 0 471 17%Unsoundness 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0%Urogenital 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0%Uterine Prolapse 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0%TOTAL 362 415 236 244 222 216 202 177 285 250 135 53 12 2 1 2812Lameness % 12% 12% 5% 6% 5% 1% 3% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%

Comprehensive Control StrategyId

entif

y Period of onset

Accl

imat

e Endemic pathogen exposure

Appl

y Strategic treatment

Control: Step 114-15 weeks of age

(3-4 weeks into the Grower)

• Early identification • Key to minimize performance losses

– Higher culling/mortality without treatment

• On-farm education– Subtle clinical signs at onset– Department head walks pens every day in the

AM– Identify and mark animals to be treated

» Identify clinical signs of lameness previously described

» Team members return to treat

Iden

tify Period of

onset

Control: Step 2

• Fenceline contact– Non-select gilts – Immediately after placement

in the Grower– Daily for 7 days

Accl

imat

e Early exposure

Control: Step 3

• Ahead of onset• 5 day course of water-soluble

Lincomycin– 3 weeks into the Grower (14

weeks of age)• Gilt Group Vaccination/Testing

Schedule– “Lot”-specific water medicators

• Reduction in antibiotic usage• Targeted therapy

– Injectable Linco/Predef as needed

Appl

y Strategic treatment

Results

• Significant reduction in lameness prevalence, severity and duration

Other Options

• Autogenous vaccine– Isolation and culture

• Research – Upcoming trial: determine effective timing of

water soluble antibiotic for the reduction in incidence and severity of lameness

Questions?

Diet Considerations

Diet Medication Weight Range Weeks Fed

N1 Mecadox 12-15 1

N2 Mecadox 15-20 1

N3 CTC/Denagard 20-30 1

N4 None 30-50 3

GDU1 Tylan 40g/T 50-100

GDU2 Tylan 40g/T 100-150

GDU3 Tylan 40g/T 150-200

GDU4 Tylan 40g/T 200+

GDU Diets

Diet Medication Weight Range ME, kcal/lb SID Lys, % Ca, % P, % AvP, %

GDU1 Tylan 40g/T 50-100 1509 1.115 0.63 0.52 0.35

GDU2 Tylan 40g/T 100-150 1508 0.965 0.61 0.51 0.35

Target Ca:P = 1.15-1.25Ca:P = 1.2

Target Ca:avP = 1.8-2.1Ca:avP = 1.7

Target Ca:avP = 1.8-2.1Ca:avP = 1.8

Target Ca:P = 1.15-1.25Ca:P = 1.2