LIFE LONG LEARNING THROUGH DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE – INDIAN SCENARIO

Importance of strengthening Higher Education systems in Agriculture in Developing countries Global report of the Inter-Academy Council , 2004 The World Development Report , 2008 The report of the International Assessment of

Agricultural Knowledge, Science and Technology for Development ,2008

The G8 summit, 2008

Higher Education

Innovative Methods of Content Development

Management and Delivery

New collaborative online spaces viz., Web 2.0

Open up traditionally closed educational systems with the availability of

Digital network

Improved access to computing

An RLO is -an independent unit of learning content -that is designed for reuse -in multiple instructional contexts, -the smallest standalone unit of learning -on a specific topic

Polsani, 2003

Self-contained and small to focus the learner’s attention.

They avoid duplication, easy to update and cost-effective.

RLOs can be made available in offline mode

RLOs can be combined and used in any number of ways to meet a wide range of learning objectives.

An independent and self-standing unit of learning content that is predisposed to reuse in multiple instructional context

RLO is a type of online instruction that provides a digital educational resource

That can be reused, scaled and shared from a central online repository in the support of instruction / learning

Each RLO supports a single learning objective

Learning objective

Knowledge / instruction and

Assessment option

RLOs can be implemented in a variety of digital modes including Text entries Images Illustration Photographs Power Point slides Figures Maps Graphs Simulations Models Audio Video flash animations interactive tools and

their combinations

Topical RLOs should be thought of as the smallest possible educational unit

2 - 15 minutes of learning - to accommodate the short attention span of learners

Several RLOs can be brought together in order to create an instructional situation

A sequence of RLOs may form a course to community-based online setting that provides a learning experience.

The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi

Funded National Agricultural Innovative Project (NAIP)

Innovations in Technology Mediated Learning : An Institutional Capacity Building in using re-usable learning objects in Agro-Horticulture utilizes this tool for teaching and learning

To generate, review and publish approved learning material for use in RLO format by Distance Education institutions for capacity building.

To build a national repository in digital mode on agro-horticulture for use in Distance education aimed at rural learners and to link it with three university level repositories

To asses impact of new methods of combining ODL & ICT on rural livelihoods and on partnerships

Indira Gandhi Nation Open University (IGNOU), New Delhi

Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu

Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra Open University (YCMOU), Nasik, Maharashtra

International Crop Research Institute for Semi Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad

100 RLOs on each topic Horticulture Nursery Management High Value Crops Production Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in

Agro-horticulture Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) in

Agro-horticulture Post Harvest Value Addition in Agro-

horticulture

600 RLOs thus created will be uploaded in the specially designed website www.AgriLore.com

NAIP supported Agropedia architecture

This website has been designed in technical collaboration with IIT, Kanpur.

All these RLOs will also be translated in to regional languages of Tamil (Tamil Nadu) Marathi (Maharashtra) and Bengali (Tripura) for easy reach of the farmers of that

particular state.

These learning materials thus created in all the four centres will be compiled to create a national repository

A stock of learning material will be available under open educational resource

The needed information can be browsed at any time by the needy farmer with a personal login ID and password.

The content in the form RLO’s becomes an online asset

It allows for closed-group review and publication of expert-derived RLO’s,

Allows sharing of practitioner tips and notes, from learners and faculty located in different geographical locations.

Pseudomonas Wilt

Erwinia Rot

This disease occurs in scattered

plants or groups of plants.

Wilting of terminal leaves,

followed in 2-3 days by a sudden

and permanent wilt.

Adventitious roots may develop

on the main stems.

Other Symptoms

• Browning of vascular

region.

• Later stages

browning of cortex

near the soil .

• Bacteria streaming can be seen when a

freshly cut stem is suspended in water.

Normal stem Affected Stem

The pathogen survives in soil for

extended periods without a host plant.

It enters roots through wounds, which

may be caused by insects, nematodes,

and cultivation.

High temperature and high soil moisture

favor disease development.

Disease can be minimized by exposing soil

to sunlight.

Selection of healthy planting material,

eradication of infected plants.

Disinfecting cutting knives and providing

better drainage.

Flower visiting insects are main agents

for transmitting the disease and this is a

good reason for following the practice of

removing the bud from the male axis

before the bunch matures.

(Cont)…

Herbicides, e.g., 2, 4-D and 2, 4, 5-T, can be used to kill infected plants in situ and dieldrin sprayed onto a chopped down mat will prevent insects transmitting the disease to the unaffected plants.

This is a minor bacterial disease

Symptoms

It is characterized by a massive soft

odorous rot of the centre or a

portion of the rhizome.

The rot progresses up the pseudostem destroying the growing point and causing internal decay often with vascular discoloration

Externally, the symptoms sometimes resemble those of Fusarium wilt.

Yellowing and wilting of the leaves are the characteristic symptoms.

Soil drenching with bleaching powder

was found beneficial.

Soil and plant drenching with

bleaching powder at 2 g/l water at an

interval of 10-15 days was found

effective in controlling the disease.

1. Erwinia rot is otherwise known as a. Soft rot b. Wilt c. Root rot d. Stem rot

2. Browning of vascular system is common in a. Soft rot b. Pseudomonas wilt c. Fusarium wilt d. Root

rot

3. Bacterial streaming can be seen a. Bacterial wilt b. Fusarium wilt c. Root rot d. stem rot

4. Bleaching powder is used for the management of a. Erwinia rot b. Bacterial wilt c. Fusarium wilt d. Stem rot

5.Rottng of rhizome is common in a. Rhizome rot b. stem rot c. Fusarium wilt d. Root rot