dr soumitra das

International Zinc Association

Dr Soumitra Das Director - India


New Delhi www.crops.zinc.org

10th Global Agriculture Leadership Summit & Awards 2017 5-6 September 2017, Hotel Taj Palace, New Delhi

International Zinc Association Adding zinc to soils and crops can make a significant contribution towards goals of increased food security and human health in a sustainable manner


Essential elements for plants

Macronutrients C, H, O, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S

Micronutrients Zn, B, Mo, Fe, Mn, Cu, Cl, Ni

Micronutrients are essential elements for plant growth needed in small (micro) quantities


Worldwide zinc deficiency in soils

Source: Zinc in Soils and Crop Nutrition – 2nd ed., B.J. Alloway (2008)

Widespread deficiency Medium deficiency


Extent of zinc deficiency in India About 40% of Indian soils are deficient in Zinc

Source: Shukla (2016)


Zinc deficiency in India – State wise

Source: Shukla (2015)

State No. of Samples

PSD State No. of Samples

PSD

Andhra Pradesh 6723 22.3 Maharashtra 8278 54.0

Assam 5216 25.6 Odisha 2349 22.7

Bihar 12671 37.9 Punjab 2181 16.6

Chhattisgarh 4731 20.1 Rajasthan 5226 75.3

Gujarat 5470 23.1 Tamil Nadu 31080 65.5

Haryana 5673 15.3 Telangana 4799 26.9

Himachal Pradesh 3189 11.1 Uttar Pradesh 4788 33.1

Jharkhand 1443 20.3 Uttarakhand 2575 9.6

Karnataka 7468 44.0 West Bengal 2363 11.9

Kerala 1894 18.3 India 12,7812 40

Madhya Pradesh 11695 66.9


Source: M.V. Singh (2009)

Multi-nutrient deficiency in India

40

18.3

13 12

5.5 5.4

24.7

Source: M.V. Singh (2009) & A.K. Shukla (2016)


Zinc in Balanced Fertilizer Use Impact of zinc: 20-50% increase

Experiments – Wheat (India)

Source: Tandon (1995); Ismail Cakmak (2006)

N

NPK N

P

NPK +Zn

N: 120 P: 60 K: 60

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5G

rain

yie

ld,

t h

a-1

Fertilizer added, kg ha-1

25 ZnSO4

International Zinc Association Source: B.J. Alloway (2008)

Zinc Deficiency in Soil Strongly Correlates to Zinc Deficiency in Humans

Soils

Widespread deficiency Medium deficiency

50%

Humans 33%

International Zinc Association Zinc is an essential nutrient for human health, and every human needs zinc to survive. Ensuring adequate levels of zinc intake is a key component in efforts to reduce child illness, enhance physical growth and decrease mortality in developing countries


Ross Welch (2009)


Micronutrient Deficiency in Human Health

• Iron

• Zinc

• Vit A

• Iodine

• Folate


Micronutrient Deficiency - Population at Risk Global Scenario

UNICEF (2002)


Zinc Deficiency – A Global Issue


Zinc deficiency is 5th leading cause of death and disease in the

developing World Risk Factor DALY (in %) *

Underweight 14.9

Unsafe sex 10.2

Unsafe water 5.5

Indoor smoke 3.7

Zinc deficiency 3.2

Iron deficiency 3.1

Vitamin A deficiency 3.0

Blood pressure 2.5

Tobacco 2.0

Cholesterol 1.9

* Disability Adjusted Life Years Source: The World Health Report (2002)


8,00,000 people die annually due to zinc deficiency (WHO), of which 4,50,000 are

children under the age of five

Source: Black et al. (2008 ). The Lancet Maternal and Child Under nutrition Series


Deaths from Diarrhea and Pneumonia in Children Under 5


TOI (2014)

Extend of Malnutrition in India


Zinc - essential for human health Zinc is vital for: • Over 300 enzymes in the body • Activating growth – height,

weight and bone development • Brain development • Growth and cell division • Immune system • Fertility • Taste, smell and appetite • Skin, hair and nails • Vision

People need up to 15 mg of zinc per day


Times of India: 4th Jan 2017


Agricultural Strategies - Plant Breeding: Genetic Biofortification

- Fertilizers: Agronomic Biofortification

Applying Zinc Fertilizers to crops: A sustainable solution to Zinc deficiency


Genetic Biofortification Micronutrient-rich Crops

Harvest Plus (2012) S.No. Organization Crop released

1 IGKVV, Raipur, Chhattisgarh Hi-Zn Rice Zinc Rice 1

2 IIRR, Hyderabad, Telangana Hi-Zn Rice DRR Dhan 45

3 IIWBR, Karnal, Haryana Hi-Zn Wheat WB-02

4 Harvest Plus (CGIAR), ICRISAT Hi-Zn Wheat BHU-3


Zinc Fertilizers in FCO Schedule 1 Part A 1 (f) Micronutrients

Zinc Sulphate Heptahydrate - 21% Zn Zinc Sulphate Monohydrate - 33% Zn Chelated Zinc (Zn-EDTA) – 12% Zn Zinc Oxide (susp conc) – 39.5% Zn

1 (g) Fortified Fertilizers Zincated Urea – 2% Zn Zincated Phosphate (susp) – 17.6% Zn Zinc Fortified DAP / SSP / NPKs

1 (h) 100% Water Soluble Complex Fertilizers NPK Zn – 3.5% Zn NPK Zn B– 0.7% Zn

Clause 20 A Micronutrient Mixture – Crop Specific Zinc Poly Phosphate - 16% Zn

Clause 20 B Customized Fertilizers


FAI Speciality Fertiliser Statistics Zinc Fertilizers Consumption Trend

IZA IZA


• Addl subsidy in Zinc fortification included in NBSS in 2010

• Subsidy in NFSM in using micronutrients including Zinc

• >50% increase in Zinc fertilizer use in India

• 45,000 tonnes ZnSO4 mono plant commissioned – IFFCO

• 16,500 tonnes ZnSO4 hepta + mono plant – KRIBHCO (ANYA)

Success Story in Zinc Fertiliser Policy


• GST rates on N,P,K Fertilisers reduced from 12% to 5%

• GST rates on Micronutrient Fertilisers kept at 12%

• GST rates on other Micronutrient products kept at 18%

• N,P,K Fertilisers in Chapter 31, Micronutrients in Chapter 28

• Differential GST rates on Fertilisers covered in FCO

Recent Developments in Micronutrients Fertiliser Policy

Balanced Fertiliser Use ???


Challenges (in Balanced Fertilizer Use)

GST rates on micronutrient fertilizers Urea in Nutrient Based Subsidy (NBS)

scheme Zincated Urea production - pricing

issue New innovative products in FCO (e.g.,

Nano Zinc Fertilizers) Quality & availability of zinc fertilizers Awareness level of the extension &

promotional workers and … Last mile delivery


Zinc deficiency in crops and humans is a global challenge Sustainable solution is – increased use of Zinc Fertilisers in balanced

fertiliser use – supportive micronutrients fertiliser policy by Govt Ensuring Soil Health, Food Security and Nutritional Security

Conclusions

International Zinc Association ([email protected])

Presenter

Presentation Notes

dr soumitra das

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