Dr Thembakazi Mali

(Senior Manager)

Drivers for use of Renewable Energy

Overwhelming scientific climate change evidence

Fossil fuels a finite resource

Ever increasing oil price (energy security)

Aging electricity infrastructure

Significant technological advances enabling commercialisation of clean energy technologies

2(Ren 21, GSR 2010)

3

A case for Renewables

SA among highest emitters of carbon dioxide in the world:

– More than 75% of primary energy requirement from fossil fuels

– SA ranked 12th in the world (emitters per capita)

Urgent need:

– Reduce fossil fuel dependency

– Reduce carbon footprint

– Diversify energy mix and supply

Possible solution

– Renewable Energy (resources abundant, sustainable, can be quickly implemented, offer work opportunities and have a much lower impact on the environment)

4

Total Energy Supply

SANEDI involvement in project life cycle

ConceptPre-

Feasibility Feasibility

Detailed Design

Pilot / Demo

Commercial

SANEDI-Funded SANEDI /PS SOE / PS

5

6

Renewable Energy Sources

Biomass Solar Wind Ocean

Natural resourcesNaturally replenished

Renewable Energy TechnologiesCharacteristics

Sustainable

Lower environmental impact

Short lead times, can be implemented rapidly in models

Support distributed generation

Offer job/work opportunities

Resources are geographically dispersed

7

Renewable Energy TechnologiesJob Creation Potential

RE and green industries create more jobs per unit investment/capacity/production than non-renewable alternatives.Land-based renewable industries (e.g. land restoration or conservation) create largest number of jobs. Estimates of SA job creation based mainly on solar and wind power potential industry– If SA has share of global renewable energy jobs equal to share of

global GDP/population (0.7%), then 16 000 jobs in the sector today– Consistent with 20 000 jobs targeted by Renewable Energy White

Paper for 2013– But, only 4% of target was met by 2009– Benchmarking against leading RE market countries and correcting

for population/GDP, SA could have had 4 000 - 155 000 RE jobs (UNEP/ILO)

8

9

Solar Resource, World

http://www.altestore.com/howto/Solar-Electric-Power/Reference-Materials/Solar-Insolation-Map-World/a43/

10

Solar Resource, South Africa

http://www.solar-focus.co.za/includes/thumpimage.php?pid=18&action=contpic&nwidth=500

11

Wind Resource, World

http://www.matternetwork.com/2008/12/hi-res-map-make-wind.cfm

12

Wind Resource, South Africa

http://www.crses.sun.ac.za/technologies-wind.php

Renewable biomass available, World

Adapted from data found in: Karekezi S., Lata K. and Teixeira S. (2004). Traditional Biomass Energy: Improving its use and moving to modern energy use, International Conference for Renewable Energies, Bonn

13

Renewable biomass available, South Africa

Lynd et al. 2003. Plant Biomass Conversion to Fuels and Commodity Chemicals in South Africa: A Third Chapter? South African Journal of Science 99: 499 – 507.

14

15

Wave Resource, World

16

Wave Resource, South Africa

Renewable Energy Resources

SA has a reasonable wind energy resource, geographically dispersed allowing for security of supply

SA has a world-class wave energy resource, predominantly along the south and west coasts

SA has one of the best solar regimes in the world - most abundant renewable resource in the country

SA biomass and hydro energy resources are restricted due to limited water

Energy from waste more readily available and exploitable.

17

Renewable Energy Technology/Industry

Wind energy is a mature technology:– can be rolled out immediately in SA– has the potential to establish a local industry for tower and blade

manufacturing in the short to medium termConcentrated solar power (CSP):– most promising medium to long term technology for application in SA – significant advantages including the possibility of establishing a

manufacturing industry.Photovoltaic (PV) systems:– short to medium term– different scales, but large-scale local manufacture of PV cells and

modules will be challenging.Wave energy convertors:– still not commercially viable but may have some role in SA in the

medium to long term.

18

Centres of Research and Demo (CORDs)

SANEDICoordination/Management

20

Renewable Energy Centre of Research and Demonstration (RECORD) Core Activities

Co-ordinate RE research in SA

Facilitate RE research collaboration

Participation: standards development & technology evaluation

Contribute to RE skills development

Support RE business development

RE awareness creation

20

RECORD’s Service offer to Stakeholders

1. Product Development

towards commercialis-

ation

RECORDService

Catalogue

3. Contract Research

4. Advisory

6. Standards development

5.Technology Evaluation

2. Education

1. RECORD will operate along the Research value chain from concept to commercialisation

2. RECORD will provide training to various learner groups to increase awareness, knowledge and skills with regards to renewable energy

3. RECORD will initiate and manage new research projects which are commissioned by paying customers

4. RECORD will provide advice to entrepreneurs; inventors; SMME’s and other larger industry players

5. RECORD will assist the SABS in the certification and assessment of renewable energy technologies

6. RECORD will support the role of SABS and SANAS

21

CES milestones

22

Establishment of RECORD

WASA – collaborative project (2009 - 2012)

Solar Roadmap (collaboration with TIA, GIZ and IEA; R&D gap analysis)

CPV Demo (2011 – 2015)

Demo Projects (2011 – 15)•Testing & development of 2nd Gen Biofuels with DST (Ongoing discussions to evaluate)•Waste to Energy using COMPS’ FT process•Housing Project (Renewable Energy integrated)

Support to Solar Park

Test Facility –Outdoor test beds to characterise the performance and

reliability of solar systems– Indoor testing (environmental, accelerated testing,

module characterisation)–Met station (to collect high-quality solar resource and

surface meteorological data)R&D – demo (localisation) development of new designs and manufacturing processes for solar components Training – technicians, graduates, post graduates and artisans (welders, electricians, installers, operators)

23

In partnership with NREL & other institutions (SAWS, DST, Eskom)

Collaborators

National Collaborations: Universities, CSIR, SAWS, Eskom, Risoe, DST

Donors: Royal Danish Embassy, Norwegian Embassy, GIZ, Finnish Embassy

Government Departments: DOE, DST, DEA

International Collaborations: REEEP, IEA IA, EU- South Africa Bilateral (FP 7)

– Membership/Participation and information disseminated to relevant stakeholders – could benefit energy research considerably

– Access to findings and influence over research direction would make available to South Africa detailed and applicable research at a lower cost than undertaking such research alone.

24

25