Sustainability on the Construction Project of Nagara River Estuary Barrage and Application of PSM Indicators

Dr. Yoshihiko Yamashita (CTI Engineering)Koichiro Haru (Nihon Suido Consultants)

(On behalf of the Association of Japanese Consulting Engineers)

FIDIC 2005 BeijingWS-6 September 6, 2005

Most data and pictures by courtesy of Chubu Regional Development Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, and

Chubu Regional Bureau, Japan Water Agency

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AgendaOutline of Nagara River Improvement Project

►Introduction of Japan’s major flood protection project

Case Study on Application of PSM Indicators to Nagara Project

►Case study to identify the issues when applying FIDIC’S PSM indicators to disaster protection projects

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Why Nagara River Project?

Big national projectLong termPublic involvementAccountabilityEnvironmental considerationsAlready in operationMonitored after construction (data availability)

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Project Site

Nagoya City

Ise Bay

RiverBasin

Pacific Ocean

Japan Sea

Tokyo

Nagara RiverIbi Riv

er

Kiso River

Nagara Estuary Barrage (Nagara Estuary Barrage (Located 5.4 km from the rLocated 5.4 km from the r

iver mouth)iver mouth)

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Background – Flood protection

River improvement started in early 1600’s Technology transfer from Dutch engineers in Early 1900’s

River Improvement Plan in Early 1900’s

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Background– Flood protection

Serious flood damage due to strong typhoons during 1959-1961 – Hundreds were died or went missing

The flood in 1976 The Serious flood due to Ise Typhoon in 1959

Recent DisastersRecent Disasters

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Background– Water use

Significant ground subsidence due to groundwater intake Saltwater infiltration to groundwaterWater demand increase

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Flood Control

Environmental Considerations

Water Use

Main Concerns & CountermeasuresFlood

Riverbed Dredging

Salt Water Inflow

Estuary Barrage

Ground Subsidence

Surface Water Use

Obstruction to Fish migration

Fishways,Gate Operations

Water Pollution,Eutrophication

Aeration By Equipped Boat

Concerns

Counter-measures

LEGEND

Fresh Water Shortage

Monitoring

Droughts,Demand Increase

Saltwater Infiltration

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Flood Control River improvement

Methods of increasing sectional area

Water level after raising

Dredging

① Raising of levee

② Setting-back of levee

③ Dredging

Design Flow Capacity(Historical Maximum Flow) 7,500 m3/s

Flow Capacity Before Dredging 4,450 m3/s

Selected Selected

Alternatives to improve flow capacityAlternatives to improve flow capacity

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Water Use Estuary Barrage

Gates

UpstreamUpstreamDownstream Downstream

Overflow operation Underflow operation

Maximum Available Flow22.5 m3/s

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Environmental consideration

Fishways

Natural-shaped type Attracting-flow type Lock type

Overflow Operation

Underflow Operation

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Application of PSM Indicators to

Infrastructure ConstructionPSM Indicators for Nagara River Estu

ary Barrage (case study)►Purpose

To clarify the applicability of FIDIC’S PSM indicators to disaster protection projects

►MethodAccording to FIDIC’s PSM Guideline Based on actual monitoring data available

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(1) Social Dimension – Human Loss

ThemeFIDIC PSM Code

　 Sub-theme Core project indicator

Safety Mortality　 Contribution to protection of human loss due to floods

Relevance to project

Contribution to protection of human loss due to natural disasters

Countermeasure Riverbed Dredging and levee reinforcementProject indicator Human loss due to floods after commencement of operations

Project evaluation No human loss due to floods after commencement of operations.

Low

High

Worst human loss during the last 100 yrs (before operations)

= 431 persons (1959)

Max. human loss during the last 30 yrs (before operations)

= 7 persons (1976)

Second worst human loss during the last 100 yrs (before operations)

= 73 persons (1910)

No human loss

Compliance

Human loss due to floods after commencement of operations = None

Human loss due to floods

Countermeasure: Riverbed dredging and levee reinforcement

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(2) Economic dimension – Economic Loss

ThemeFIDIC PSM Code

　 Sub-theme Core project indicator

Institutional capacity

Disaster preparedness & response

Contribution to protection of economic loss due to floods

Relevance to project

Contribution to protection of economic loss due to natural disasters

Countermeasure Riverbed Dredging and levee reinforcementProject indicator Damaged households by floods after commencement of operations

Project evaluation No damages to households due to floods after commencement of operations.

Low

High

No damage

Compliance

Damaged households by floods after commencement of operations = None

Economic loss due to floods (Damaged households)

Worst damage during the last 100 yrs (before operations)

=59,500 households (1976)

Max. damage during the last 30 yrs (before operations)

= 59,500 households (1976)

Second worst damage during the last 100 yrs (before operations)

= 29,200 households (1961)

Countermeasure: Riverbed dredging and levee reinforcement

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(2) Economic dimension – Water Use

ThemeFIDIC PSM Code

　 Sub-theme Core project indicator

Institutional capacity

Water use Contribution to protection of economic loss due to droughts

Relevance to project

Contribution to protection of economic loss due to droughts

Countermeasure Water storage by construction of gates

Project indicator Water demand coverage during droughts after commencement of operations

Project evaluation 76 % of water demand covered during droughts after commencement of operations.

Low

High

Water demand coverage during droughts=100%

Compliance

Water demand coverage during droughts after commencement of operations = 76%（2000-2003）*

Water demand coverage

Countermeasure: Construction of gates

Water demand coverage during droughts=75%

Water demand coverage during droughts=50%

Water demand coverage during droughts=25%

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(3) Environmental Dimension – Algae Concentration

ThemeFIDIC PSM Code

　 Sub-theme Core project indicator

Fresh water Public water body Measurements of changes in algae concentration

Relevance to project

Effects of project on algae concentration in public water body

Countermeasure Gate operations during high concentration periodsProject indicator Concentration of chlorophyll a in stored water

Project evaluation Almost no change.

Low

High

Assumed concentration w/o measures (post-operation)

Concentration that would cause functional disorders to water use

Concentration before operations

Lower concentration

Compliance

Concentration after commencement of operations

Concentration of chlorophyll a

Countermeasure: Gate operations during high concentration periods

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(3) Environmental Dimension – BOD Concentration

ThemeFIDIC PSM Code

　 Sub-theme Core project indicator

Fresh waterEN-14

Water quality Measurements of BOD on water bodies affected by project

Relevance to project

Effects of project on BOD in water bodies

Countermeasure Aeration by aerator-equipped boatProject indicator Concentration of BOD on water bodies affected by projectProject evaluation Almost no change.

Low

High

Water quality standard (upper limit) = 3 mg/L

Compliance

BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) concentration at Ise Ohashi Bridge

Concentration before operations

= 1.1 mg/L（1978-1994）

Lower concentration

Assumed concentration w/o measures (post-operation)

BOD concentration (at 75 percentile) after commencement of operations = 1.3 mg/L（1996-2002）

Countermeasure: Aeration by equipped boat

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(3) Environmental Dimension – DO Concentration

ThemeFIDIC PSM Code

　 Sub-theme Core project indicator

Fresh water Water quality Measurements of DO (Dissolved Oxygen) on water bodies affected by project

Relevance to project

Effects of project on DO in water bodies

Countermeasure Aeration by aerator-equipped boatProject indicator Concentration of DO on water bodies affected by projectProject evaluation Almost no change.

Low

High

Compliance

DO (Dissolved Oxygen) concentration at Ise Ohashi Bridge DO concentration (in average) after commencement of operations = 9.7 mg/L（1996-2002）

Higher concentration

Concentration before operations = 8.3 mg/L（1978-1994）

Water quality standard (lower limit) = 5 mg/L

Assumed concentration w/o measures (post-operation)

Countermeasure: Aeration by equipped boat

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(3) Environmental Dimension – Fish Catch

ThemeFIDIC PSM Code

　 Sub-theme Core project indicator

Fresh water Fisheries Monitoring of changes in annual catch of Satsukimasu (Red-spotted trout)

Relevance to project

Effects of project on annual catch of Satsukimasu (Red-spotted trout)

Countermeasure Construction of three kinds of fishwaysProject indicator Changes in annual average catch of Satsukimasu (Red-spotted

trout) after commencement of operations Project evaluation Slightly decreased, but not significant.

Low

High

Assumed catch w/o fishways (post-operation) = 0

Significant catch decrease

(by almost half)

Annual average catch before operations = 1,250（1994）

Catch increase

Compliance

Annual average catch after commencement of operations = 750 (1996-2004)

Catch of Satsukimasu (Red-spotted trout)

Countermeasure: Construction of fishways

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(3) Environmental Dimension – Fish Preservation

ThemeFIDIC PSM Code

　 Sub-theme Core project indicator

BiodiversityEN-17

Species Measurement of the affect of project on the abundance of key species - Ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis)

Relevance to project

Effects of project on abundance of key species

Countermeasure Construction of three kinds of fishwaysProject indicator Changes in upstream migration of Ayu Project evaluation Slightly decreased, but not significant.

Low

High

Assumed catch w/o fishways (post-operation) = 0

Significant decrease (by almost half)

Annual average upstream migration before operations

= 7 mil（1993-1994）*

Upstream migration increase

Compliance

Upstream migration of Ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis)

Annual average upstream migration observed after commencement of operations = 5 million（1996-2004）

Countermeasure: Construction of fishways

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(4) Comprehensive Evaluation

Human loss due to floods after commencement of

operations Concentration of chlorophyll a in stored water

Changes in annual average catch of red-spotted trout after commencement of operations

Concentration of BOD in water bodies affected by project

Concentration of DO in water bodies

affected by project

Changes in upstream migration of Ayu

Damaged households by floods after

commencement of operations

Water demand coverage during droughts after

commencement of operations

Social Dimension

Environmental Dimension

Economic Dimension

Low High

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Proposal on PSM Indicators for Infrastructure Projects► Indicators for projects in developed countries

► Indicators on external communication with stakeholders

►PSM for operation phase

► Indicator weights