draft environmental impact assessment report for … ha. laterite... · 2017. 11. 20. · draft eia...

DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE OF 42.49 HECTARES

LATERITE MINING PROJECT

AT

SURVEY NO. 646, EKMAMIDI (V), NAWABPET (M),

VIKARABAD DISTRICT, TELANGANA STATE

PROPOSED BY

MR.G. VIJAYENDRA GOUD,

S/O. NAGENDER GOUD,

H.NO.4-1-522/1, NEAR MIG,PHASE-I,

ALAMPALLY ROAD, VIKARABAD,

RANGAREDDY,T.S - 501101

PREPARED BY

Draft EIA Report for the proposed Laterite Mine at Ekmamidi (V), Nawabpet (M), Vikarabad (Ranga Reddy) District, Telangana State

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT

Telangana is rich in mineral resources, which include granite, coal, lime stone,

bauxite, laterite and mica. This report discusses the management plan for

mitigation/abatement of adverse environmental impacts and enhancement of

beneficial impacts due to mining. This report has been designed within the

framework of various legislative and regulatory requirements on environmental and

socio‐economic aspects.

All the 7 mines each with 6.07 ha has been submitted individually and presented to

the State Expert Appraisal Committee (SEAC), Telangana on 28.10.2016. With

reference to the Minutes of the Meeting, the committee recommended to prepare

the combined EIA report for the cluster under Category B1 as per the latest

amendments to the EIA Notification, 2006 vise S.O. 141 (E) dated 15.01.2016 &

S.O. 2269 (E) dated 01.07.2016. The lease has been granted to the proponent for a

period of 20 years by Assistant Director, Department of Mines and Geology,

Government of Telangana and the Mining Plan was approved by Director of Mines

and Geology, Hyderabad. The approved mining plan and the lease order for the

cluster of 7 laterite mine are enclosed as Annexure I.

As per the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification dated 14th

September 2006 and its subsequent amendments and Supreme Court order

February 27, 2012, the proposed granite quarry mining project falls under

‘Category B1’, which requires Environmental Clearance from the State

Environmental Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA). The project proponent as part

of the compliance from SEIAA has appointed ABC Techno Labs India Private

Limited, Chennai as Environmental Consultants who are accreditated by National

Accreditation Board for Education and Training (NABET), Quality Council of India

(QCI), New Delhi.


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1.2 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT AND PROJECT PROPONENT

1.2.1 Identification of Project

The project Laterite mine is over an extent of 42.49 ha located in S.No. 646 of

Ekmamidi Village, Nawabpet Mandal, Vikarabad (Ranga Reddy) District, Telangana.

The area lies in the latitude of 17°24'48.49"N and longitude of 77°55'04.74"E. The

area is marked in the survey of India Topo sheet No. 56 G/15.

The mine lease area falls in the Government Land and the details of ML area are

given in Table 1.1. The geographical coordinates of the mine lease areas are given

in Table 1.2.

Table 1.1 Details of Mine lease areas

District State

Village Mandal Sy. No. Extent

(ha) Ownership of Occupancy

Vikarabad

(Ranga Reddy) Ekmamidi Nawabpet 646

42.49

(6.07 x 7)

Government

Land

Source: Approved Mining Plans

Table 1.2 Geographical coordinates of mine lease areas

S.No Name of the mine Geographical Coordinates

1 Joguraju Swapna 17°24'45.21"N 77°55'06.89"E

2 A. Laxminarayana 17°24'34.36"N 77°54'59.61"E

3 M.Laxman Rao 17°25'02.24"N 77°55'07.61"E

4 N. Vikas 17°24'52.93"N 77°54'58.56"E

5 P. Mahendra 17°24'57.82"N 77°55'02.95"E

6 V. Praveen 17°24'40.68"N 77°55'02.13"E

7 Vijender Goud 17°24'49.64"N 77°55'09.11"E


1.2.2 Identification of Project Proponent

The proposed project is cluster of 7 Laterite mine involving the following project

proponents for which the study has been carried out.

S.No Name of the mine Production Capacity

(TPA) Area (ha)

Life of Mine (Yrs)

1 Joguraju Swapna 98,580 6.07

20 2 A. Laxminarayana 96,253.20 6.07

3 M. Laxman Rao 53,730 6.07


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4 N. Vikas 54,366 6.07

5 P. Mahendra 61,616.40 6.07

6 V. Praveen 98,595.60 6.07

7 Vijender Goud 1,31,426.4 6.07

Total 5,94,597.6 42.49 Source: Approved Mining Plans

1.3 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT

1.3.1 Nature of the project

The proposed project is production of Laterite in the mine lease area and is

classified as “Category B1” by Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change

(MoEFCC), New Delhi as per the EIA Notification dated on 14th September, 2006,

amended.

1.3.2 Anticipated Life of project and cost of Project

The expected life of mine for the cluster is about 30 years and the lease has been

granted to the proponent for a period of 20 years. The total cost of the proposed

project is estimated as Rs. 4.2 Crores (60 Lakhs for each individual mine).

1.3.3 Location of project

The proposed laterite mine is over an extent of 42.49 ha (105 Acres) located in

S.No. 646 of Ekmamidi Village, Nawabpet Mandal, Vikarabad (Ranga Reddy)

District, Telangana. The area lies in the north latitude of 17°24'48.49"N and

eastern longitude of 77°55'04.74"E. Location of the proposed project is shown in

Figure 1.1 and the satellite imagery of the project site is shown in Figure 1.2.


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Source: Google Earth Figure 1.1 – Map showing location of the proposed project

India

Draft EIA Report for the proposed Laterite Mine at Ekmamidi (V), Nawabpet (M), Ranga Reddy District, Telangana State

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Source: Google Earth

Figure 1.2 – Satellite Imagery of the Project Site


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1.3.5 Importance to the Country and Region

The Laterite from the mine is not meant for captive use. The mineral Laterite will

be sold to the consumers. The main consumers of Laterite are ferro‐alloy

industries, Foundries, Ceramics, Glass industries or cement plant.

This mining project is beneficial to the localities as the economy of this region was

earlier dependent on mainly rain fed agriculture, which in recent decades started

diversification with intensification of mining activities in surrounding areas without

causing degradation to agriculture sector, by employment facilities apart from

agriculture which has raised the economic status of nearby villages. The mining

activities will increase better employment opportunities. Average income level

which is the indicator of socio‐economic status of house hold is expected to

increase with greater dependency on mining industry. It is expected that in a

better environment, people will take help of banking and other saving systems

which will further uplift the economic standard.

1.3.6 Supply and Demand details

Considering the demand of laterite which is in sufficient availability in the area, it

is very much essential to have Laterite mining projects to sustain its captive

cement manufacturing industry and to provide employment opportunities to the

locals.

1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

In line with the MoEFCC prescribed Terms of Reference (TOR), the area comprising

10 km radius around the proposed mine lease boundary is considered as the study

area. The EIA/EMP report has been prepared following the generic structure

specified in the EIA Notification 2006. The detailed studies have been conducted as

per prescribed Standard TOR.

The scope of study broadly covered:

• Literature review and collection of data relevant to the study area;

• Establish the baseline environmental aspects in and around the proposed

project;


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• Identify various existing pollution loads due to various mining activities;

• Predict incremental levels of pollutants in the study area due to the

proposed operations;

• Evaluate the predicted impacts on various environmental attributes in the

study area by using scientifically developed and widely accepted

environmental impact assessment methodologies;

• Prepare an Environment Management Plan (EMP) outlining the measures for

improving the environmental quality; and

• Identify critical environmental attributes that are required to be monitored

in the post‐project scenario.

• To assess the impacts on human settlement in the project influence area

Socio‐Economic Assessment

• Establishing and analyzing demographic profile including sex ratio, literacy

rate, SC/ST, workers classification, land use categorization, etc in the

project influenced area.

Field studies were conducted during November 2016 to January 2017 to determine

the existing conditions of various environmental attributes. Environmental

attributes and frequency of monitoring are outlined in Table 1.1.

Table - 1.1 Environmental Attributes and Frequency of Monitoring

S.

No

Environmental

Component

Sampling

Locations

Sampling

Parameters

Sampling

Period

Sampling

Frequency

1. Meteorology One

central

location

Temperature,

Wind Speed, Wind

Direction, Rain

fall, Relative

Humidity, Cloud

Cover

3 months Hourly /

Rainfall ‐

Daily

2. Ambient Air

Quality

8 Locations PM10, PM2.5, SO2,

NOx, Pb, Ar

Two days

per week

for 13

weeks

24 hourly

3. Water Quality 8 Ground,

water

Locations

As per IS:10500‐

1991

Grab

sampling

Once

during study

period


8

S.

No

Environmental

Component

Sampling

Locations

Sampling

Parameters

Sampling

Period

Sampling

Frequency

4. Noise 8 locations Leq 24 hourly

composite

Once during

study period

5. Soil 8 locations Soil profile,

Chemical

constituents,

Suitability for

agricultural

growth

Composite

sample

Once during

study period

6. Terrestrial

Ecology

Total study

area

Flora and fauna Field

observations

Once in

study period

7. Demography

and Socio‐

economic

aspects

Total study

area

Demographic

profile

‐ ‐

8. Land Use Total study

area

Trend of land use

change for

different

categories

‐ ‐

9. Hydrology &

Hydrogeology

Total study

area

Drainage area and

pattern, nature of

streams, aquifer

characteristics,

recharge and

discharge areas

including pumping

test.

As per

Ground

Water

Estimation

Committee

recommend

ations of

1997

Once in

Season

Source: ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited, Chennai

1.5 METHODOLOGY

The proposed production of Laterite mine would naturally have implications on the

neighborhood with reference to socioeconomic aspects of society, environmental

attributes such as land, water, air, aesthetics, flora and fauna. In assessing the

environmental impact, collection, collation and interpretation of baseline data is

of prime importance. Environmental impact analysis and assessment, which is

required for every industrial project, should preferably be carried out at the

planning stage itself.


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The basic objective of identification of impacts is to aid the proponents of the

project to rationalize the procedure for an affective environmental management

plan, leading to an improvement in environmental quality as a result of the

location of the proposed mine. This has been attempted by the following

procedures:

• Collection, collation and analysis of baseline data for various environmental

attributes;

• Identification of impacts;

• Evaluation of impacts leading to preparation of Environmental Management

plan;

• Outlining post project monitoring methodology.

Contents of the Report: As per the new guidelines of the MoEFCC the report has

been divided into the following chapters and presented as follows:

1. Introduction

2. Project Description

3. Description of the Environment

4. Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures

5. Analysis of Alternatives (Site And Technology)

6. Environmental Monitoring Program

7. Additional Studies

8. Project Benefits

9. Environmental Cost benefit analysis

10. Environmental Management Plan

11. Summary and Conclusion

12. Disclosure of Consultant


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2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 TYPE OF PROJECT

The proposed project is open cast semi-mechanized laterite mining project with

total extent of 42.49 ha and total production capacity of 5,94,567.6 TPA of

Laterite for a period of five years.

2.1.1 Size of the project

The proposed project site is an extent of 42.49 ha (105 Acres) and production

capacity of the proposed project site is 5,94,567.6 TPA of Laterite for a period of

five years. The land use split up of the Ekmamidi Laterite mine is given in Table

2.1.

Table 2.1 Land use split up of individual mine

S. No.

Pattern of utilization

Joguraju Swapna

A. Laxminar

ayana

M.Laxman Rao

N. Vikas

P. Mahendra

V. Praveen

Vijender Goud

1 Mining 5.795 5.805 5.751 5.699 5.699 5.795 5.68

2 Mineral storage 0.12 0.10 0.131 0.19 0.19 0.11 0.20

3 Construction of buildings, workshop, etc.

0.025 0.06 0.038 0.041 0.041 0.015 0.06

4 Construction of road, rope way, rail lines, etc.

0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

5 Green belt/Plantation

0.13 0.13 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.13

Total Area (ha) 6.07 6.07 6.07 6.07 6.07 6.07 6.07


2.2 TOPOGRAPHY AND DRAINAGE PATTERN

The subject area comes under Revenue category. The terrain is small mound of

undulating surface with Laterite deposit. It is well elevated above the normal

ground level. It is mound type gently sloping due NE part and covered with shrubs.

The local elevation noted is 28 M. The highest & lowest elevations in the lease area

are 658 mts and 686 mts from the assumed bench mark of 683 mts.


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2.3 GEOLOGY

2.3.1 Regional Geology

The M.L area in general, is adulatory with scattered denudational hills and ridges.

The rock type Dharwar super group i.e, Granites, Granite Gneisses and migmatites

are commonly present.

2.3.2 Local Geology

The regional geology Consist mostly Archean granitic terrain of the peninsular

gneissic complex. The area in general, is adulatory with scattered denudational

hills and ridges. The rock type Dharwar super group i.e, Granites, Granite Gneisses

and migmatites are commonly present. The granites cover a major part of the area

and occur. They display a distinctive intrusive relationship with the metamorphic.

The granites comprise several texture and compositional variants such as

Granodiorite, Hornblende granite, medium to coarse grained biotite granite and

very coarse grained porphyritic granite are widely distributed in the area. The

intrusive include dykes of dolerites cut across these granitic and metamorphic

rocks with a general trend of NE-SW, amphibolites, pegmatites and Quartz veins.

Deccan traps occupy south western parts of the area which are dark coloured, fine

grained, massive and weathered. These are resting on the Precambrian peninsular

gneissic complex. A flat topped mesa is observed near Chevella. The basaltic flows

are horizontally distributed giving rise to characteristic step like structure.

Vesicular members are very few in occurrence. On weathering, the rocks are

converted into black cotton soils, preserving the transitional spheroidal weathering

phase at places. Well sections have exposed bluish coloured weathered zones at

depths where the depth of weathering is as much as 15 m. Characteristic columnar

jointing is also reported from the well sections. Basaltic flows attained a maximum

thickness of 60 m near Chevella village.

Laterite is derived by the situ chemical weathering of the parent rock viz dharwar

super group granites, granite gneisses and migmatites. It is cavernous /vesicular

and hard in nature it is rose red, brick red or yellow in color and is spotty (due to


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weathered pin heads of original granites) or patchy with blotches of

limonite’s/clay.

Laterite exhibits a typical physical appearance as skeletal and prous and its varying

color and chemical compositions. It occurs as a flat or gently sloping crust or

blanket, capping the granites and maintaining near parallelism with the present

day topography but petering out in thickness at the two ends.

2.4 EXPLORATION

The Laterite deposit forming a mound, raised 10 to 28 M above ground level within

the mining lease applied area. No mining is carried out in this area as the subject

area is applied for grant of mining lease. Even though the Laterite is well exposed

to above surface in this area, Two Tested Pit Holes were made to a depth of 5m

each and it is noticed that the TPH that the mineral is continuing further depth

beyond 3m also.

2.5 RESERVES

2.5.1 Estimation of Reserves

The exposed Laterite deposit is found to be entire applied area, the volume of the

deposit is computed by cross sectional area method by multiplying the cross

sectional area with the proved depth was considered 8 mts below the surface

based on the trial pits given in Table 2.1.

The cross sections were drawn perpendicular to the strike direction, the cross

sectional area of the individual sections are calculated to arrive at sectional area,

the area thus arrived is multiplied by the sectional influence (Average) given in

Table 2.1 to arrive the volume of rock mass. Based on the physical appearance of

the mineral it is assumed that recovery factor of 100% is anticipated.

The cross sections in NW-SE direction are drawn at equal interval for individual

mines are given in Table 2.2.


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Table 2.2 Estimation of reserves

S.No Name of the mine Trail pits upto

RL

Sectional

Influence (m) Cross section (m)

1 Joguraju Swapna 650 & 653 37 30 & 45

2 A. Laxminarayana 654 45 30 & 45

3 M. Laxman Rao 650 100 50 & 100

4 N. Vikas 665 50 50 & 60

5 P. Mahendra 660 100 50 & 100

6 V. Praveen 644 35 30 & 40

7 Vijender Goud 655 50 50 & 60


2.5.2 Mineable Reserves

The details on reserves of Ekmamidi Laterite mine is given in the Table 2.3.

Table 2.3 Minable Reserves

S. No

Name of the mine

Total Geological reserves

(MT)

Reserves Blocked

under 7.5 Buffer

Zone (MT)

Reserves Blocked under Safety

Slopes (MT)

Total Reserves Blocked

(MT)

Reserves available

for Exploitation

(MT)

Average Production Capacity

(in tonnes)

Life of

the Mine (Yrs)

1 Joguraju Swapna 3279900 115170 226770 341940 2937960 98580 30

2 A.Laxminarayana 3030300 144360 200370 344730 2685570 96253 28

3 M.Laxman Rao 3266200 320400 593400 913800 2352400 53730 44

4 N. Vikas 2621400 128200 161700 289900 2331500 54366 43

5 P. Mahendra 3426000 237000 375800 612800 2813200 61616.4 46

6 V. Praveen 2793580 124800 207140 331940 2461640 98595.6 25

7 Vijender Goud 2512170 127170 187560 314730 2197440 131426.4 17

Total 20929550 1197100 1952740 3149840 17779710 594567.6


2.6 MINING

2.6.1 Method of Mining

The method of mining shall be opencast, semi mechanized on single shift basis.

Excavations shall be carried out by simple excavators. Bench height and width will

be maintained at 3m and 3m each respectively, with overall slope at 60°.

Excavation and loading shall be carried out with simple excavators of capacity 0.9

to 1.1 cu.m bucket capacity. This shall be utilized for developmental work,


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excavation and loading into the trucks. Tippers of 10T capacity shall be utilized for

all transportation purposes.

It is proposed to commence the mining operations from the northeastern side of

the M.L area. Initially a ramp shall be made to open a box cut trench to get a

bench face of an average 3 m depth. Then the advancement of the bench shall be

made in all direction to achieve the targeted production. Year-wise production

shall be made as follows and in the block ear marked for the same.

The Laterite is mined by opencast method, semi mechanized with excavating,

loading and transporting equipments. The pit is developed by the open cast

method comprising the following parameters:

Bench height 3 m

Bench width 3 m (min.) and 3 m (max.)

Bench face 60⁰ inclination

Overall pit slope 60⁰

The opencast mining operations consist of four major operations viz. excavating,

loading and transport. Excavation and loading is carried out using 0.9 to 1.10 cu.m

size Excavator (Hitachi) 200 and any other suitable equipment. Consumers shall

arrange their 18 - 25 tonner trucks, which shall be directly loaded or otherwise

Tippers of 10 T capacity are being used for transportation of the laterite to the

stock yard.

Sprinkling of water on the roads to suppress dust-blows, especially during the dry

months of the year, watering to the plantations, maintenance of the roads and pits

to minimize the wear and tear of the dumper tyres etc. constitute the

miscellaneous operations.

2.6.2 Rated production and anticipated life of mine

The life of mine is calculated based on the mineable reserves and annual

production of the individual mine. The estimated life of mine for the Ekmamidi

Laterite Mine is given in Table 2.2 and the average life of mine expected for

individual mine is 30 years.


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2.6.3 Conceptual Mining Plan

The development and production for the next five years has been planned taking

into consideration the development of the Mine is confined below 6 and 9 mts

depth, Presently during 5 years of the workings are proposed by leaving the buffer

enclosed five years working plan and the yearly production of Ekmamidi Laterite

mine is given in table below.

Table 2.4 - Year wise production capacity

S.

No

Name of the

mine

Yearwise Production Bench

Height

(m)

Specific

Gravity

Total

Reserves

in tones

Average

in tones 1 2 3 4 5

1 Joguraju Swapna 93540 97674 97086 102954 101646 3 2 492900 98580

2 A.Laxminarayana 92754 95202 93864 97740 101706 3 2 481266 96253

3 M.Laxman Rao 41640 69600 58200 54510 44700 3 2 268650 53730

4 N. Vikas 42630 48120 53790 68730 58560 3 2 271830 54366

5 P. Mahendra 49632 57630 59460 72720 68640 3 2 308082 61616.4

6 V. Praveen 92790 102690 87762 110922 98814 3 2 492978 98595.6

7 Vijender Goud 60540 206400 106200 145962 138030 3 2 657132 131426.4

Total 473526 677316 556362 653538 612096

2972838 594567.6


2.6.4 Extent of Mechanization

The details of machineries are given in table below.

Table 2.5 - Details of Machinery proposed for deployment

S No Type of Machinery Nos to be Deployed 1 Excavator (Hitachi) 200 1 2 Tippers 4 3 Dewatering Pumps 1


The excavator shall be used for excavating the mineral and loading into the trucks.

2.7 SOLID WASTE GENERATION AND ITS DISPOSAL

The proposed mining activity revels that the total Laterite excavated from the

surface of the lease area is feasible in present market. So, no waste generation

was found from this mine. There are no chances for generation of waste in this

plan period.


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2.8 USE OF MINERAL

The Laterite mined out will be utilized in ferro-alloy industries, Foundries,

Ceramics, Glass industries or cement plant.

2.9 SITE SERVICES

Office, Rest Rooms, First Aid Room, Shelters, Lavatory, Bore Well for drinking

water will be provided with in the mining lease applied area and the details of

individual service area of all mines are given in Annexure I.

2.10 EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL

The total man power requirement for the individual laterite mine is given in the

table below.

Table 2.6 - Employment Potential


2.11 WATER REQUIREMENT

The water requirement for this proposed mining activity will be 8.0 KLD each. The

break up details of water requirement is given in the Table below.

Table 2.7 - Water Requirement

Sl. No Purpose Quantity (KLD)

Individual Mine Cluster

1 Dust suppression purpose 4.0 28.0

2 Domestic purpose 1.3 9.1

3 Greenbelt purpose 0.7 4.9

Total 6.0 42.0

Source: ABC Techno Labs India Pvt Ltd There is no generation & discharge of wastewater from this mine. The domestic

effluent generated from the cluster will be 7.28 KLD (Individual mine - 1.04 KLD)

and this will be sent to septic tank followed by soak pit at individual mine site.

MAN POWER INDIVIDUAL MINE

Mines Manager (Part Time) 1 No.

Supervisors 2 No.

Hitachi Operators 1 +1 No.

Semi-Skilled & Un-Skilled 20 No’s.

Tipper Operators 4 No’s


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3. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

3.1 BACKGROUND

In compliance of EIA Notification S.0.1533 (E) of September 14, 2006 and

subsequent notifications, prior environment clearance is required to be obtained

from State Environmental Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA) or Ministry of

Environment, Forest & Climate Change (MOEFCC) for the Cluster mine. The mine

lease area is located at Sy. No. 646 of Ekmamidi Village, Nawabpet Mandal,

Vikarabad (Ranga Reddy) District, Telangana of 7 laterite mine with the total land

area of 42.49 ha with the production capacity of 5,94,567.6 TPA. Hence, the

mining activity categorized as “Category B1” project as per EIA Notification 2006

and it amendments.

For obtaining EC, the environment and socio-economic base line data generation

has been carried out to establish present environment scenario and environment

impact is assessed due to Ekmamidi mining operations, associated activities and

dispatch to end users including loading, transportation and unloading of

manganese. The anticipated impact due to proposed increase in production from

the existing mining lease area of 42.49 ha is made in this report. The

Environmental Impact assessment due to mining and associated activities will be

has been done after superimposing the predicted impacts over environmental

baseline data. The Environmental Management Plan is also prepared for protection

of Environment and ecology for controlling and mitigation of pollution.

3.2 EKMAMIDI MINING PROJECT

The Ekmamidi mine will be developed and worked for extraction of Laterite by

fully opencast semi mechanized mine within the cluster forms a boundary of

allocated 42.49 ha area of Ekmamidi Village, Nawabpet Mandal, Renga Reddy

District, Telangana of 7 laterite mine. Commercially exploitable laterite deposit

occurs in Ekmamidi mine lease. The rate of exploration in the cluster of 7 Laterite

Mine is varies with each other. The elevation of the site turns to vary from 685 m

north to 653 m south, the conjunction of slope Northern West to South in the mine

lease area.


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The environmental and socio-economic baseline data for one season was generated

for assessing and ascertaining present environmental scenario. As required under

EIA Notification, 2006 and subsequent related notifications, Environmental Impact

Assessment to assess the likely environmental impact due to Ekmamidi mining

activities has been done and detailed Environmental Management Plan is prepared

for obtaining Environment Clearance. The approved Environmental Management

Plan and Environmental Clearance conditions will be implemented for protection

of environment and control/ mitigate the pollution due to existing mining

activities and due to proposed increase in production.

In compliance of the EIA notifications, the prior environment clearance will be

obtained before starting mine development and Laterite production.

3.3 PRESENT ENVIRONMENTAL SCENARIO

The mine lease area of the Ekmamidi mine is government revenue land. The

present environment scenario is described below;

A) Population – the population density and traffic movement in the Ekmamidi

Mining area is very low.

B) Industrial Activities – the area is undeveloped and have no major, medium

industries, industrial and associated activities

C) Topography and Drainage - The subject area comes under Revenue category,

the terrain is small mound of undulating surface and dendritic drainage pattern is

reported from the study area.

Draft EIA Report for the proposed Laterite Mine at Ekmamidi (V), Nawabpet (M), Vikarabad (Ranga Reddy)District, Telangana State

19

Source: Survey of India Figure 3.1 - Study Map – 10 km Drainage Map


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D) Climate – the climate of area is hot in summer and characterized by general

dryness, the mine lease area is falling under semi-arid tropical zone and the area is

having dry climate. The average temperature recorded in this area is 25°C in

winter and about 46°C in summer seasons. The wind direction flows in the site is

SE to NW. The average annual Rainfall of the area is 930 mm.

3.4 METEOROLOGY

The meteorological data recorded during the study period is very useful for proper

interpretation of the baseline information as well as for input to prediction models

for air quality dispersion. Historical data on meteorological parameters will also

play an important role in identifying general meteorological regime of the region.

On-site monitoring was undertaken for various meteorological variables in order to

record the site-specific data. Data was recorded every hour continuously from

November 2016 to January 2017. India Meteorological Department has been

monitoring surface observations at Hyderabad Airport. Temperature, relative

humidity, rainfall, wind speed and direction are measured twice a day viz., at

08.30 and 17.30 hr. Data on Cloud cover is compiled from the climatological tables

for the IMD station at Bangalore.

3.4.1 Meteorological Data Recorded at Site

The meteorological parameters were recorded at site on hourly basis during the

study period and consists of parameters like wind speed, wind direction and

temperature. The total rainfall was recorded daily once at 08.30 hrs. The

maximum and minimum values for all the parameters except wind direction are

presented in Table 3.1.

Table 3.1 Site specific meteorological data from November 2016 – January 2017

Month Temperature (°C) Relative Humidity

(%) Rainfall (mm)

Maximum Minimum

November 31.5 19.0 47 -

December 31.5 20.0 48 2

January 31.5 18.0 59 -

Source: ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited


21

Figure – 3.2 Combined Wind Rose Diagram (November 2016 – January 2017)

Table 3.2 Wind Frequency Distribution

S.no Directions/Wind

Classes (m/s) 0.5-2.1 2.1-3.6 3.6-5.7 5.7-8.8

8.8-11.1

>=11.1 Total

1. 348.75-11.25 32 7 0 0 0 0 39

2. 11.25-33.75 24 4 0 0 0 0 28

3. 33.75-78.75 23 4 0 0 0 0 27

4. 56.25-78.75 34 13 1 1 0 0 49

5. 78.75-101.25 92 12 3 0 0 0 107

6. 101.25-123.75 23 2 0 0 0 0 25

7. 123.75-146.25 22 5 1 0 0 0 28

8. 146.25-168.75 44 5 2 1 0 0 52

9. 168.75-191.25 45 10 1 0 0 0 56

10. 191.25-213.75 70 9 4 0 0 0 83

11. 213.75-236.25 93 18 0 2 0 0 113


22

12. 236.25-258.75 224 47 13 1 0 0 285

13. 258.75-281.25 319 65 18 0 0 0 402

14. 281.25-303.75 211 52 6 1 0 0 270

15. 303.75-326.25 86 18 5 1 0 0 110

16. 326.25-348.75 80 12 5 2 0 0 99

Sub –total 1422 283 59 9 0 0 1773

Calms 434

Missing/Incomplete 1

2208

3.4.2 Secondary Data from IMD- Hyderabad

The nearby India Meteorological Department station that is generating

meteorological data is 55.0 km from the project site i.e. IMD, Hyderabad. Hence,

secondary information on meteorological conditions has been collected from IMD

station at Hyderabad Airport.

Table 3.3 Rainfall data

YEAR JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC

R/F R/F R/F R/F R/F R/F R/F R/F R/F R/F R/F R/F

2010 9.6 3.2 0 13.9 21.2 162.2 272.4 286.6 205.4 99.4 31.7 4.8

2011 0 6.9 18.2 19.6 18.6 72.7 159.6 154.3 43.6 17.0 5.6 0.0

2012 0 0 0 34.7 12.1 148.8 208.1 148.7 110.5 89.0 36.1 0.0

2013 0 17.4 0 45.2 17.0 107.7 220.8 136.6 186.0 215.5 25.6 0.0

2014 0 0.1 37.0 15.4 79.2 43.3 90.4 197.0 83.7 37.1 16.1 1.2

Source: IMD

E) Agriculture - No agriculture activities are being carries out in the mining lease

area and the area is used for various mining activities including plantation carried

out by individual project proponents. However agricultural fields are noticed in the

surrounding area.

F) Specific data in respect of Ambient Air Quality (AAQ), Water Quality (WQ),

Noise Levels (NL), Soil Quality (SQ) and Socio-economic Status (SES) was

established in study area for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and

preparation of Environmental management Plan (EMP). The environmental base

line data for following environmental attributes were generated as per the

Standard Terms of Reference (ToR) issued by MoEFCC.


23

a) Micro-meteorological data

b) Ambient Air Quality

c) Noise Level,

d) Water Quality

e) Soil Quality

f) Socio-economic Scenario

As the Laterite mine is to be worked by opencast mining method, the likely

adverse impacts will be moderate and limited which will be mitigated through

effective environment management, regular monitoring and corrective actions as

required from time to time during mine operation and closure phases.

3.5 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

The primary and secondary base line data of study area for the Ekmamidi mine

provides present environment in core and buffer zone of Ekmamidi mine. The

environment impact assessment studies conducted for to identify impacts due to

Ekmamidi mine and predicted through appropriate models / methods for planning

and designing environment protection and pollution mitigation measures.

3.6 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY DATA

The baseline environmental quality data for various components of environment,

viz. Air, Noise, Water, Land and Socio-economic were generated during November

2016 to January 2017 in the study area covering 10 km around the Ekmamidi

Laterite Mine. Other environmental data on flora and fauna, land-use pattern,

forest etc were also generated through field surveys and also collected from

different State Govt. Departments. The study area Map of the area covering Mining

Lease (42.49 Ha) as core zone and 10 Km radius around core zone as Buffer Zone is

depicted at Figure 3.3. Important features observed in 10 Km buffer zone is given

at Table 3.4.

Table 3.4 Significant Features in 10 Km Buffer Zone

S.No. Particulars Details

1. Site Latitude 17°24'48.49"N

2. Site Longitude 77°55'4.74"E

3. Present Land use Government waste land


24

S.No. Particulars Details

4. Nearest railway station

Buffer Zone

• Chitgidda - 6.5 km (ESE)

• Vikarabad Junction - 7.8 km (S)

• Sadashivapet - 8.4 km (NNW)

5. Nearest Bus Stop

Core Zone

• Kothagadi Bus Stop – 0.7 km (SSE)

• Mommadanpalli Bus Stop – 1.9 km (SW)

Buffer Zone

• Pulumamidi Bus Stop – 7.3 km (E)

6. Nearest airport • Rajiv Gandhi International Airport - 55 km (ESE)

7. Nearest town/ city

Core Zone

• Nawabpet - 4.4 km (ENE)

Buffer Zone

• Vikarabad - 7.7 km (S)

• Ramaiah Guda - 7.8 km (SSW)

8. Hills/ valleys Buffer Zone

• Ananthagiri Hills – 9.9 km (SSW)

9. Topography

The terrain is mound of undulating surface with

Laterite deposit, It is well elevated above the

normal ground level.

10. National parks/Wildlife

Sanctuaries NIL (within 10 km radius)

11. Reservoir/Lake/River/Sea

Core Zone

• Musi River – 3.8 km (SE)

• Yerravally Lake - 4 (W)

12. Reserved/ Protected Forests

Core Zone

• Ekamamidi RF – 0.7 km (W)

Buffer Zone

• Pulmadi RF – 6.8 km (W)

13. Archaeological Important

Places NIL (within 10 km radius)

14. Seismicity Seismic Zone II as per IS 1893 (Part-1): 2002

15. Defense Installations NIL (within 10 km radius)

16. Nearest Port NIL (within 10 km radius)

There is no National Park, Wildlife sanctuary, defense installation or sensitive area

located within 15 km radius of the proposed mine. The site does not fall under

critically polluted area or project area attracting courts restriction for mining

operations. Since the area is away from coastal region it does not attract CRZ

clearance.


25

Figure 3.3 - Study map showing Core and Buffer zone


26

3.7 METHODOLOGY

Appropriate methodologies have been followed in developing the EIA/ EMP report.

The methodology adopted for the study is outlined below:

• Conducting reconnaissance surveys for knowledge of the study area;

• Selecting sampling locations for conducting various environmental baseline

studies;

The sampling locations have been selected on the basis of the following:

• Predominant wind directions recorded by IMD

• Existing topography;

• Drainage pattern and location of existing surface water bodies like

lakes/ponds, rivers and streams;

• Location of villages/towns/ sensitive areas, and;

• Areas, which represent baseline conditions;

The field observations have been used to:

• Assess the positive and negative impacts due to the proposed increase in

production project;

• Suggest appropriate mitigation measures for negating the adverse

environmental impacts, if any, and;

• Suggest post-project monitoring;

3.8 LAND ENVIRONMENT

Land use of Study Area: The land use pattern of the study area (10-km radius

around the mine site) has been estimated by using IRS P6 LISS 3 satellite image.

Remote Sensing Studies: The remote sensing studies in EIA are of great

importance due to their capabilities in analyzing the environmental problems

which arise from number of developmental activities. Modifications of the land

surface during urbanization can produce tremendous changes in the pattern of

vegetative cover, agriculture and water course. Changes in land cover and

vegetation can be an indication of environmental degradations/ alterations. Land

use pattern in study area (10 km around the project site) has been given below in

Table 3.5.


27

Figure 3.4 - Landuse /Land Cover Interpretation from Satellite Image


28

Table 3.5 Landuse Pattern in Study Area

Classification Area in Sq.km % Agriculture Plantation 48.51 15.44

Agriculture Crop Land 86.15 27.42

Agriculture Fallow Land 62.30 19.83

Forest 41.25 13.13

Barren Land/ Waste Land 66.57 21.19

Built up land 7.45 2.37

Water Body 1.89 0.60

Vegetation in the study area: As per the Land use details from Census 2011 given

in Figure 3.2. The irrigated land is 27.42%, un-irrigated land is 19.83 %, cultivable

waste land is 21.19 % and Area not available for cultivation is 2.37%. There is No

Reserve Forest in buffer zone.

Seismicity & Flood Zone of the Area: Seismic Zone map of India by Bureau of

Indian Standards (BIS) is used to locate Ekmamidi Mine site. The mine site as well

as study area lies in Zone-II of Seismic Zoning Map (Figure 3.3 A), and thus can be

said to be located in an area of low seismic hazard by national standards. Hence

the risk of earthquake at the site is minimal and so the site is safe.


29

Figure 3.4 – Earth Quake Zone map

Project Site


30

Flood Hazard Zone of the Area: As per the “Vulnerability Atlas – 2nd Edition; Peer

Group, MoH & UPA; based on digitized data of SOI, GOI; Flood Atlas, Task Force

Report, C.W.C., GOI” the project site does not fall under “area liable to flood”

(Figure 3.5).

Figure 3.5 - Flood hazard zone map

Project Site


31

3.9 AIR ENVIRONMENT

The prime objective of the baseline air monitoring is to evaluate the existing air

quality of the area. This will also be useful for assessing the conformity to

standards of the ambient air quality during the Construction and Operation of the

proposed project. This section describes the selection of sampling locations,

methodology adopted for sampling, analytical techniques and frequency of

sampling.

3.9.1 Selection of Sampling Locations

The baseline status of the ambient air quality has been assessed through a

scientifically designed ambient air quality monitoring network. The design of

monitoring network in the air quality surveillance programme has been based on

the following considerations:

• Meteorological conditions on synoptic basis

• Topography of the study area

• Representativeness of the region for establishing baseline status

• Representativeness with respect to likely impact areas.

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (AAQM) stations were set up at eight locations with

due consideration to the above mentioned points. The Ambient Air Quality

monitoring locations are given in the Table 3.6.

Table 3.6 - Details of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations

Air sampling location

code

Location Geographical

location

Direction with the

respect to project site

Distance with

respect to project

site ( km)

AAQ1 Project Site 170 24’48.03”N 770 55’04.79”E

- -

AAQ2 Kesavapalli Thanda 170 24’28.29”N 770 56’51.04”E

ESE 3.66

AAQ3 Nawabpet 170 25’36.88”N 770 57’37.33”E

ENE 4.39

AAQ4 Chinchalpet 170 23’16.66”N 770 57’37.34”E

SE 5.32

AAQ5 Vikarabad 170 21’02.23”N 770 54’33.30”E

S 7.43


32

AAQ6 Narayanpur 170 23’01.35”N 770 55’09.94”E

S 3.68

AAQ7 Ekmamidi 170 24’20.82”N 77055’01.13”E

NE 1.40

AAQ8 Yerravalli 170 24’45.71”N 77052’13.96”E

W 3.82

3.9.2 Frequency and Parameters for Sampling

Ambient air quality monitoring was carried out at a frequency of two days per

week at each location for three months. The baseline data of air environment was

generated for the following parameters:

� Particulate Matter size less than 10 µm (PM10)

� Particulate Matter size less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5)

� Sulphur dioxide (SO2)

� Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)

� Mercury (Hg)

� Lead (pb)

� Chromium (Cr); and Arsenic (As)

3.9.3 Instruments used for Sampling & Analysis

Respirable Dust Samplers APM 460 BL of Envirotech was used for monitoring

Particulate matter (PM10) and Fine Particulate Samplers APM 550 of Envirotech was

used for monitoring PM2.5. For gaseous pollutants like SO2 and NO2 APM 411 has been

used along with APM 460.


33

Figure 3.6 Air Sampling Location Map


34

3.9.4 Sampling and Analytical Techniques

The air inlet has a circular symmetry so that air entry is unaffected by wind

direction and is designed to keep out rain, insects and very large particles. The

inlet section immediately leads to an impactor stage designed to trap particles

with an aerodynamic diameter larger than 10 microns. Thus the air stream in the

down tube consists of only medium and fine particulates. The streamlined air flow

of the down tube is accelerated through the nozzle of the well shaped impactor

designed to trap medium size particulates with an aerodynamic diameter between

2.5 and 10 microns. To avoid sampling errors due to the tendency of small particles

to bounce off the impaction surface a 37mm diameter GF/A paper immersed in

silicone oil is used as an impaction surface. The air stream leaving the WINS

impactor consists of microns. These fine particles are collected on a special Teflon

membrane filter of 47 mm diameter. Modified West and Gaeke method (IS - 5182

part - II, 1969) has been adopted for estimation of SO2 and Arsenite Modified Jacob

& Hochheiser has been adopted for estimation of NOX.

The Particulate Matters (Size less than 10µm) are used to estimate the Mercury,

lead, Chromium and Arsenic levels. Filter paper is digested and analyzed for heavy

metal as per the method “As per IS 5182 (Part 22): 2004 followed by Atomic

Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). The techniques used for the monitoring of Ambient

Air quality is given in Table 3.7.

Table 3.7 - Techniques used for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring S.

No. Parameter Technique

Minimum Detectable Limit (µg/m3)

1 Particulate Matter (PM10) Respirable Dust Sampler (Gravimetric method)

1.0

2 Particulate Matter (PM 2.5)

Fine Particulate Sampler (Gravimetric method)

1.0

3 Sulphur Dioxide West and Gaeke 5.0

4 Nitrogen Oxides Jacob & Hochheiser 5.0

5 Mercury IS 5182 (Part 22) : 2004 0.2

6 Lead IS 5182 (Part 22) : 2004 0.1

7 Chromium IS 5182 (Part 22) : 2004 0.2

8 Arsenic IS 5182 (Part 22) : 2004 0.001

3.9.5 Presentation of Results

The summary of these results for each location is presented in Table 3.8. These are

compared with the standards prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB).


35

Table 3.8 - Ambient Air Quality Results

All values are expressed in µg/m3

Code Location

PM10 PM 2.5 SO2 NOX

Min Max Avg 98

Per Min Max Avg

98

Per Min Max Avg

98

Per Min Max Avg

98

Per

AAQ1 Project Site 62.8 69.1 65.6 68.6 41.3 48.1 44.5 47.7 13.1 14.8 14.1 14.8 23.4 29.7 26.5 29.4

AAQ2 Kesavapalli

Thanda 60.7 69.7 65.1 69.5 40.2 46.1 42.8 45.7 13.8 15.7 14.9 15.7 23.8 29.7 27.6 29.6

AAQ3 Nawabpet 60.7 70.2 65.7 69.8 40.7 48.1 44.2 47.7 12.8 14.8 14.0 14.8 25.6 29.8 27.9 29.8

AAQ4 Chinchalpet 60.8 69.7 63.9 69.0 42.8 48.7 45.6 48.5 12.2 15.3 14.0 15.2 25.9 28.3 27.3 28.2

AAQ5 Vikarabad 61.2 72.4 67.3 71.7 39.1 49.0 43.6 48.8 13.4 14.9 14.1 14.9 24.5 29.1 26.8 29.1

AAQ6 Narayanpur 55.4 65.8 60.0 65.4 37.6 43.6 40.4 43.2 12.4 15.6 14.0 15.4 21.6 28.3 26.7 28.2

AAQ7 Ekmamidi 60.1 69.7 65.0 69.6 40.6 48.7 44.0 48.0 11.3 14.7 13.0 14.7 21.9 28.1 24.0 27.5

AAQ8 Yerravalli 58.8 68.2 64.2 68.2 37.9 48.3 42.4 47.7 12.8 15.6 13.9 15.4 24.9 29.1 27.3 29.1

CPCB / MoEF Standards

Industrial /Residential

/ Rural and Other

Area

100 60 80 80


36

3.9.6 Observations of results

PM10: The minimum and maximum concentrations for PM10 were recorded as

72.4μg/m3 and 55.4 μg/m3 respectively. The maximum concentration was recorded

at the Vikarabad and the minimum concentration was recorded at Narayanpur. The

average concentrations were ranged between 60 and 67.3 μg/m3.

PM2.5: The maximum and minimum concentrations for PM2.5 were recorded as 49

μg/m3 and 37.6 μg/m3 respectively. The maximum concentration was recorded at

the Vikarabad and the minimum concentration was recorded at Narayanpur. The

average concentrations were ranged between 40.4 and 45.6 μg/m3.

SO2: The maximum and minimum SO2 concentrations were recorded as 15.7 μg/m3

and 11.3 μg/m3. The maximum concentration was recorded at Kesvapalli Thanda

and the minimum concentration was recorded at Ekmamidi. The average values

were observed to be in the range of 13 and 14.9 μg/m3.

NO2: The maximum and minimum NO2 concentrations were recorded as 29.8 μg/m3

and 21.6 μg/m3. The maximum concentration was recorded at Nawabpet and the

minimum concentration was recorded at Narayanpur. The average values were

observed to be in the range of 24 and 27.9 μg/m3.

The concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, and pb are observed to be well

within the standards prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) for

Industrial, Rural, Residential and Other area. Whereas, the concentration heavy

metals like Hg, cd, Cr and As was observed is below detection limits.

3.10 NOISE ENVIRONMENT

Noise survey has been conducted in the study area to assess the background noise

levels in different zones viz., Residential, Industrial, Commercial and Silence

zones. The main objective of noise monitoring in the study area is to establish the

baseline noise levels and assess the impact of the total noise expected to be

generated in the surrounding areas by implementing the proposed project.


37

3.10.1 Methodology

a) Identification of Sampling Locations

A preliminary reconnaissance survey was undertaken to identify the major noise

generating sources in the area. The noise monitoring has been conducted at eight

locations in the study area. The physical location of noise monitoring stations is

given in Table 3.9.

Table 3.9 Details of Noise Monitoring Locations

Location Code

Sample location Geographical

location

Direction with respect to

project site

Distance with respect to

project site (km)

N1 Project Site 170 24’48.03”N

770 55’04.79”E - -

N2 Kesavapalli Thanda 170 24’28.29”N

770 56’51.04”E ESE 3.66

N3 Nawabpet 170 25’36.88”N

770 57’37.33”E ENE 4.39

N4 Chinchalpet 170 23’16.66”N

770 57’37.34”E SE 5.32

N5 Vikarabad 170 21’02.23”N

770 54’33.30”E S 7.43

N6 Narayanpur 170 23’01.35”N

770 55’09.94”E S 3.68

N7 Ekmamidi 170 24’20.82”N

77055’01.13”E NE 1.40

N8 Yerravalli 170 24’45.71”N

77052’13.96”E W 3.82

a) Instrument Used for Monitoring

Noise levels were measured using a sound level meter. The sound level meter

measures the Sound Pressure Level (SPL), the Maximum Sound Pressure Level (max)

and the equivalent continuous noise level (Leq) by switching on the corresponding

functional modes.

b) Method of Monitoring

Sound Pressure Level (SPL) measurements were taken at the specified locations,

with an interval of 1 minute over a period of one hour for 24 hours. The noise


38

levels during day time have been monitored between 6 am to 10 pm and night

noise levels during 10 pm to 6 am at all the locations covered in the study area.

Noise levels were recorded every one minute in the following manner. To obtain

noise levels at 8 AM, noise readings, with setting at ‘A’ response - slow mode, were

recorded continuously for 60 minutes. All the readings were obtained for 24 hours.


39

Figure 3.7 Noise Monitoring Location Map


40

c) Parameters Measured During Monitoring

For noise levels measured over a given period of time interval, it is possible to

derive important features of noise using statistical methods.

Lday Average noise levels between 6.00 hours to 22.00 hours.

Lnight Average noise levels between 22.00 hours to 6.00 hours.


The summary of computed ambient noise level parameters like Lday and Lnight for

all the sampling locations are presented in Table 3.9 and compared to the

standards specified by CPCB given in Table 3.10.

Table 3.9 Ambient Noise Levels recorded in this study area [db (A)]

Code Sample location Category

of Area/zone

Day

Time in

Leq dB (A)

Night Time

in Leq dB (A)

CPCB AAQ

standards in respect of Noise

(Daytime)

CPCB AAQ

standards in respect of Noise (Night time)

N1 Project site Industrial 42.9 38.3 75dB (A) 70dB (A)

N2 Kesavapalli Thanda Residential 46.0 38.5 55dB (A) 45dB (A)

N3 Navabupet Commercial 64.2 50.3 65dB (A) 55dB (A)

N4 Chinchalpet Commercial 64.5 49.1 65dB (A) 55dB (A)

N5 Vikarabad Commercial 58.8 40.9 65dB (A) 55dB (A)

N6 Narayanpur Residential 48.4 36.5 55dB (A) 45dB (A)

N7 Ekmamidi Residential 61.2 41.4 55dB (A) 45dB (A)

N8 Yerravalli Residential 61.5 47.2 55dB (A) 45dB (A)

Table 3.10 Ambient noise standards

LAND USE LDAY LNIGHT

Industrial Area 75 70

Commercial Area 65 55

Residential Area 55 45

Silence Zone 50 40


41

3.10.3 Observations

Day time Noise Levels

Noise levels during day time were found to be in range of 42.9 to 64.5 dB (A). The

maximum noise level was observed to be 64.5 dB (A) at Chinchalpet and a

minimum of 42.9 dB (A) was observed at project site.

Night time Noise Levels

Noise levels during night time were found to be in range of 36.5 to 50.3 dB (A).

The maximum noise levels was observed to be 50.3 dB (A) at Nawabpet and a

minimum of 36.5 dB (A) was observed at Narayanpur.

The ambient noise environment of the mining site is studied and reported. Since

the mining operation engages only a low noise causing explosives such as

detonators, the noise generated due to the explosion is below 60 dB(A) within 100

m. Hence the noise is not a major problem in the mining activity.

3.11 SOIL ENVIRONMENT

3.10.1 Methodology

For study soil quality of the region, five sampling locations were selected to assess

the existing soil conditions in and around the project area representing various

land use conditions. The samples were collected from different depths (30cm,

60cm and 100cm) are subjected to various physiochemical parameters.

3.11.2 Sampling Locations

The details of the sampling locations selected for soil sampling are given in Table

3.11 and Figure 3.8.


42

Figure 3.8 Soil Sampling Locations


43

Table 3.11 Soil Sampling Locations

Location

Code

Sampling

Location

Geographical

location

Direction

with the

respect to

project site

Distance with

respect to

project site in

km

S1 Project Site 170 24’48.03”N 770 55’04.79”E

- -

S2 Kesavapalli

Thanda 170 24’28.29”N 770 56’51.04”E

ESE 3.66

S3 Nawabpet 170 25’36.88”N 770 57’37.33”E

ENE 4.39

S4 Chinchalpet 170 23’16.66”N 770 57’37.34”E

SE 5.32

S5 Vikarabad 170 21’02.23”N 770 54’33.30”E

S 7.43

S6 Narayanpur 170 23’01.35”N 770 55’09.94”E

S 3.68

S7 Ekmamidi 170 24’20.82”N 77055’01.13”E

NE 1.40

S8 Yerravalli 170 24’45.71”N 77052’13.96”E

W 3.82

The present study of the soil quality establishes the baseline characteristics and

this will help in future in identifying the incremental concentrations if any, due to

the operation of the proposed Project. The sampling locations have been identified

with the following objectives

• To determine the baseline soil characteristics of the study area and

• To determine the impact of proposed project on soil characteristics

Eight locations within the study area were selected for soil sampling. At each

location, soil samples were collected from three different depths viz., 30cm,

60cm, and 100cm below the surface. The results were presented in Table 3.12 and

the standard soil classification is represented in Table 3.13.

Table 3.12 Soil Analysis Results

S.No Parameters Units S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6

1 pH -- 7.35 6.32 7.25 7.05 6.92 7.26

2 Electrical

Conductivity

µ mhos 334.0 61.3 134.2 82.6 45.7 166.6

3 Bulk Density g/cc 1.16 1.20 1.24 1.2 1.11 1.16

4 Moisture % 10.2 10.0 8.89 8.4 10.1 9.78


44

Table 3.12 Soil Analysis Results

Content

5 Nitrates as N mg/Kg 1.53 1.34 131 1.32 1.16 1.52

6 Phosphorous

as P mg/Kg 14.6 54 36 3.74 2.86 2.71

7 Potassium as

K mg/Kg 14.18 16.35 43.34 20.92 13.36 38.47

8 Sodium as

Na mg/Kg 350.73 140.19 180.14 170.51 110.64 125.5

9 Calcium as

Ca mg/ kg 390.5 220 260 240 300 245.0

10 Magnesium

as Mg mg/ kg 277.63 218.7 320.5 947.7 364.5 413.1

11 Total

Organic Carbon

% 0.78 0.82 0.71 0.76 0.74 0.76

12 Type of Soil -- Silt

Loam Silt Loam

Silt Loam

Silt Loam

Sandy Loam

Sandy Loam

a) Sand (%) -- 36 39 39 35 34 39

b) Silt (%) -- 49 49 48 53 52 46

c) Clay (%) -- 15 12 13 12 14 50

13 Copper as

Cu mg/ kg 11.2 10.24 7.6 7.64 8.36 8.92

14 Chromium as

Cr mg/ kg 5.63 4.82 5.82 4.15 3.73 5.12

15 Cadmium as

Cd mg/ kg <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5

16 Zinc as Zn mg/ kg 5.2 4.23 4.2 2.24 3.14 3.46

17 Lead as Pb mg/ kg 11.23 12.43 12.43 8.26 10.72 10.2

18 Nickel as Ni mg/ kg 10.21 12.22 2.64 21.55 13.45 9.52

19 Sulphates

as SO4 mg/ kg 86.1 79.96 32.12 28.42 44.28 36.23

S.No Parameters Units S7 S8

1 PH -- 7.44 6.65

2 Electrical Conductivity

µ mhos 79.5

65.4

3 Bulk Density g/cc 1.19 1.12

4 Moisture Content % 8.6 8.9

5 Nitrates as N mg/Kg 1.62 1.58

6 Phosphorous as P mg/Kg 15.2 14.5

7 Potassium as K mg/Kg 12.5 11.30

8 Sodium as Na mg/Kg 30.23 10.19

9 Calcium as Ca mg/ kg 365.5 240.5

10 Magnesium as Mg mg/ kg 257.0 220.7

11 Total Organic Carbon % 0.71 0.65


45

Table 3.13 Standard Soil Classification

Chemical

Parameters

Ranking

Very Low Low Moderate High Very High

pH <4, very

Strongly

Acidic

4-5, Strongly

Acidic

5-8, Ideal

for Plant

Growth

8-9

Strongly

Basic

>9 Very

Strongly

Basic

Electrical

conductivity

(μS/cm)

<2000,

Non saline

2000-4000

Saline

4000-8000

Moderately

Saline

8000-

16000

Highly

Saline

>16000

Extremely

Saline

Total Nitrogen (%) <0.05

Very Low

0.05-0.15

Low

0.15-0.25

Moderate

0.25-0.5

High

>0.5 Very

High

Total

Phosphorous

(mg/kg)

<5

Very Low

5-10 Low 10-30

Moderate

30-60

High

>60 Very

High

Sodium (mg/kg) - <200 Non

Sodic

200-500

Moderate

>500

Sodic

-

Potassium

(mg/kg)

- <150 Low 150-250

Moderate

250-800

High

>800 Very

High

Calcium (mg/kg) - <1000 Low 100-2000

Moderate

>2000

High

-

Magnesium

(mg/kg)

<40 Very

Low

40-100 Low 100-300

Moderate

>300 High -

% Organic Matter 0.5-1.0

Very Low

1.0-2.0 Low 2.0-3.0

Moderate

3.0-5.0

High

>5 Very

High

12

Type of Soil -- Silt Loam Silt Loam

a) Sand (%) -- 36 39

b) Silt (%) -- 49 49

c) Clay (%) -- 15 12

13 Copper as Cu mg/ kg 10.6 10.32

14 Chromium as Cr mg/ kg 2.25 3.52

15 Cadmium as Cd mg/ kg <0.5 <0.5

16 Zinc as Zn mg/ kg 3.4 6.2

17 Lead as Pb mg/ kg 2.55 2.22

18 Nickel as Ni mg/ kg 1.21 1.22

19 Sulphates as SO4 mg/ kg 86.1 79.96


46

3.11.3 Observation

It has been observed that the pH of the Soil ranging from 6.32 to 7.44 indicating

that the soils is slightly alkaline in nature. The soil is pre-dominantly of silt loam

type. The concentration of nitrogen is in the range of 1.16 to 1.62 mg/kg and the

Potassium ranges between 43.34 to 11.30 mg/kg, which indicate that the soil is

rich in nutrients and showing high fertility.

3.12 WATER ENVIRONMENT

Selected water quality parameters of ground water resources within 10-km radius of

the study area have been studied for assessing the water environment. Water

samples were examined for physico-chemical, heavy metals and bacteriological

parameters in order to assess the effect of industrial and other activities on ground

water. The samples were analyzed as per the procedures specified in 'Standard

Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater' published by American

Public Health Association (APHA).

Samples for chemical analysis were collected in polyethylene carboys. Samples

collected for metal content were acidified with 1 ml HNO3. Samples for

bacteriological analysis were collected in sterilized glass bottles. Selected physico-

chemical and bacteriological parameters have been analyzed for projecting the

existing water quality status in the study area.

3.12.1 Water Sampling Locations

Eight (8) ground water samples were collected during the study period and there is

no surface water pond within the project site. These samples were taken as grab

samples and were analyzed for various parameters to compare with the standards

for drinking water as per IS: 10500 for ground water sources. The water sampling

locations are identified in Table 3.14.


47

Table 3.14 - Water Sampling Locations


The water sampling results for ground water and surface water samples are given

in Table 3.15 and 3.16 respectively. The ground and surface water analysis results

are compared with the standards.

Code Sampling

Location

Geographical

location

Direction

with

respect to

project

site

Distance

with

respect to

project site

( km)

Type of

water

W1 Project Site 170 24’48.03”N 770 55’04.79”E

- - GW & SW

W2 Kesavapalli

Thanda 170 24’28.29”N 770 56’51.04”E

ESE 3.66 GW & SW

W3 Nawabpet 170 25’36.88”N 770 57’37.33”E

ENE 4.39 GW & SW

W4 Chinchalpet 170 23’16.66”N 770 57’37.34”E

SE 5.32 GW & SW

W5 Vikarabad 170 21’02.23”N 770 54’33.30”E

S 7.43 GW & SW

W6 Narayanpur 170 23’01.35”N 770 55’09.94”E

S 3.68 GW & SW

W7 Ekmamidi 170 24’20.82”N 77055’01.13”E

NE 1.40 GW & SW

W8 Yerravalli 170 24’45.71”N 77052’13.96”E

W 3.82 GW & SW


48

Figure 3.9 Water Sampling Location Map


49

Table 3.15 - Ground Water Sample Results

S. No Parameter Method Unit GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 IS 10500 Limits

Acceptable Permissible

1 pH APHA 22nd Edition 4500 H+ B -- 7.52 7.25 7.08 7.25 6.5-8.5 No Relaxation

2 Color APHA 22nd Edition 2120 B CU <1.0 < 1.0 <1.0 <1.0 5 15

3 Total Dissolved Solids APHA 22nd Edition 2540 C mg/l 1195.0 645.5 625.2 980 500 2000

4 Total Alkalinity (as CaCO3) APHA 22nd Edition 2320 B mg/l 295 240 160 200 200 600

5 Total Hardness (as CaCO3) APHA 22nd Edition 2340 C mg/l 355 330 310 420 200 600

6 Calcium (as Ca ) APHA 22nd Edition 3500 Ca B mg/l 61.12 80.16 78.04 88.17 75 200

7 Magnesium (as Mg) APHA 22nd Edition 3500-Mg B mg/l 27.10 31.59 26.73 48.16 30 100

8 Sulphate (as SO4) APHA 22nd Edition 4500 SO4 E mg/l 45.77 53.79 37.34 36.56 200 400

9 Chloride (as Cl) APHA 22nd Edition 4500 Cl- B mg/l 149.9 209.9 114.9 199.94 250 1000

10 Lead as Pb APHA 22nd Edition 3111B mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.01 No Relaxation

11 Cadmium as Cd APHA 22nd Edition 3111B mg/l <0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 0.003 No Relaxation

12 Total Chromium as Cr APHA 22nd Edition 3111B mg/l <0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 0.05 No Relaxation

13 Copper as Cu APHA 22nd Edition 3111B mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.05 1.5

14 Zinc as Zn APHA 22nd Edition 3111B mg/l < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 5 15

15 Nickel as Ni APHA 22nd Edition 3111B mg/l <0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 0.02 No Relaxation

16 Fluorides as F APHA 22nd Edition 4500 F- D mg/l 0.2 0.26 0.18 0.3 1 1.5

17 Aluminium as Al APHA 22nd Edition 3500 Al B mg/l <0.03 < 0.03 < 0.03 < 0.03 0.03 0.2

18 Boron as B APHA 22nd Edition 4500 B B mg/l <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 0.5 1

19 Manganese as Mn APHA 22nd Edition 3111B mg/l <0.05 <0.05 < 0.05 < 0.05 0.1 0.3

20 Iron as Fe APHA 22nd Edition 3500 Fe B mg/l 16.5 5.46 3.43 4.11 0.3 No Relaxation

21 Nitrate Nitrogen APHA 22nd Edition 4500 NO3 B mg/l 2.35 1.43 1.08 0.71 45 No Relaxation

22 Sodium as Na APHA 22nd Edition 3500 Na B mg/l 155.0 100.0 38.82 67.74 -- --

23 Potassium as K APHA 22nd Edition 3500 K B mg/l < 5.0 < 5.0 < 5.0 14.02 -- --

24 Odour APHA 22nd Edition 2150 B -- Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable -- --

25 Electrical Conductivity APHA 22nd Edition 2510 B μmho/cm 1890 1130 1072 1567 -- --

26 Phosphorus as P APHA 22nd Edition 4500 P C mg/l 2.24 0.53 0.49 0.21 -- --


50

Table 3.15 - Ground Water Sample Results

S. No Parameter Method Unit GW5 GW6 GW7 GW8 IS 10500 Limits

Acceptable Permissible

1 pH APHA 22nd Edition 4500 H+ B -- 7.16 7.65 7.82 7.44 6.5-8.5 No Relaxation

2 Color APHA 22nd Edition 2120 B CU <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 < 1.0 5 15

3 Total Dissolved Solids APHA 22nd Edition 2540 C mg/l 725.4 490.0 655.0 448.8 500 2000

4 Total Alkalinity (as CaCO3)

APHA 22nd Edition 2320 B mg/l 150 210 220 280 200 600

5 Total Hardness (as CaCO3)

APHA 22nd Edition 2340 C mg/l 250 230 245

300 200 600

6 Calcium (as Ca ) APHA 22nd Edition 3500 Ca B mg/l 60.12 52.44 48.06 60.12 75 200

7 Magnesium (as Mg) APHA 22nd Edition 3500-Mg B mg/l 24.3 21.6 23.85 36.45 30 100

8 Sulphate (as SO4) APHA 22nd Edition 4500 SO4 E mg/l 51.56 32.32 45.25 24.64 200 400

9 Chloride (as Cl) APHA 22nd Edition 4500 Cl- B mg/l 149.9 129.4 99.49 49.98 250 1000

10 Lead as Pb APHA 22nd Edition 3111B mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.01 No Relaxation

11 Cadmium as Cd APHA 22nd Edition 3111B mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 < 0.001 0.003 No Relaxation

12 Total Chromium as Cr APHA 22nd Edition 3111B mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 < 0.05 0.05 No Relaxation

13 Copper as Cu APHA 22nd Edition 3111B mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0.05 1.5

14 Zinc as Zn APHA 22nd Edition 3111B mg/l < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 5 15

15 Nickel as Ni APHA 22nd Edition 3111B mg/l <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 < 0.02 0.02 No Relaxation

16 Fluorides as F APHA 22nd Edition 4500 F- D mg/l 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.32 1 1.5

17 Aluminium as Al APHA 22nd Edition 3500 Al B mg/l <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 < 0.03 0.03 0.2

18 Boron as B APHA 22nd Edition 4500 B B mg/l <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 <0.5 0.5 1

19 Manganese as Mn APHA 22nd Edition 3111B mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 0.1 0.3

20 Iron as Fe APHA 22nd Edition 3500 Fe B mg/l < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 0.3 No Relaxation

21 Nitrate Nitrogen APHA 22nd Edition 4500 NO3 B mg/l 3.46 4.35 5.44 4.12 45 No Relaxation

22 Sodium as Na APHA 22nd Edition 3500 Na B mg/l 102.5 65.5 85.5 61.14 -- --

23 Potassium as K APHA 22nd Edition 3500 K B mg/l < 5.0 < 5.0 < 5.0 < 5.0 -- --

24 Odour APHA 22nd Edition 2150 B -- Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable -- --

25 Electrical Conductivity APHA 22nd Edition 2510 B μmho/cm 1150 790 1050 813 -- --

26 Phosphorus as P APHA 22nd Edition 4500 P C mg/l 0.48 0.21 0.42 0.32 -- --


51

Table 3.16 - Surface Water quality in the Study Area

S. No Parameter Method Unit SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4

1 pH APHA 22nd Edition 4500 H+ B -- 7.50 7.54 7.44 7.36

2 Color APHA 22nd Edition 2120 B CU < 1.0 < 1.0 <1.0 <1.0

3 Turbidity APHA 22nd Edition 2130 B NTU 1 1 1 5

4 Total Dissolved Solids APHA 22nd Edition 2540 C mg/l 758.5 510.0 525.0 490.0

5 Total Alkalinity (as CaCO3) APHA 22nd Edition 2320 B mg/l 260 200 210 220

6 Total Hardness (as CaCO3) APHA 22nd Edition 2340 C mg/l 250 210 235 215

7 Calcium (as Ca ) APHA 22nd Edition 3500 Ca B mg/l 50.35 45.14 43.16 50.12

8 Magnesium (as Mg) APHA 22nd Edition 3500-Mg B mg/l 28.06 25.16 27.65 20.06

9 Sulphate (as SO4) APHA 22nd Edition 4500 SO4 E mg/l 42.01 39.72 49.96 32.44

10 Chloride (as Cl) APHA 22nd Edition 4500 Cl- B mg/l 49.7 51.89 42.94 39.94

11 Lead as Pb APHA 22nd Edition 3111B mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01

12 Cadmium as Cd APHA 22nd Edition 3111B mg/l < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001

13 Total Chromium as Cr APHA 22nd Edition 3111B mg/l < 0.05 < 0.05 <0.05 <0.05

14 Copper as Cu APHA 22nd Edition 3111B mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01

15 Zinc as Zn APHA 22nd Edition 3111B mg/l < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5

16 Nickel as Ni APHA 22nd Edition 3111B mg/l < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02

17 Fluorides as F APHA 22nd Edition 4500 F- D mg/l < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1

18 Aluminium as Al APHA 22nd Edition 3500 Al B mg/l < 0.03 < 0.03 < 0.03 < 0.03

19 Boron as B APHA 22nd Edition 4500 B B mg/l < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5

20 Manganese as Mn APHA 22nd Edition 3111B mg/l < 0.05 < 0.05 <0.05 <0.05

21 Iron as Fe APHA 22nd Edition 3500 Fe B mg/l < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1

22 Nitrate Nitrogen APHA 22nd Edition 4500 NO3 B mg/l 1.51 1.84 1.67 1.59

23 Chemical Oxygen Demand APHA 22nd Edition 5220 B mg/l 52 46 32 92

24 BOD(3day’s at 27oC) IS 3025 (Part – 44) 2009 mg/l 12.2 11.2 7.5 21.5

25 Sodium as Na APHA 22nd Edition 3500 Na B mg/l 69.8 25.3 42.0 38.5

26 Potassium as K APHA 22nd Edition 3500 K B mg/l 44.5 37.98 1.6 6.82

27 Total Suspended Solids APHA 22nd Edition 2540 D mg/l 12.6 16.4 17.4 18.9

28 Dissolved Oxygen APHA 22nd Edition 4500 O C mg/l 5.2 5.4 5.2 5.3

29 Oil and grease APHA 22nd Edition 5520 B mg/l <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

30 Electrical Conductivity APHA 22nd Edition 2510 B μmho/cm 1200 820 895 755

31 Phosphorus as P APHA 22nd Edition 4500 P C mg/l 0.11 0.12 0.09 0.08

32 Total Coliform IS 1622 MPN/100 ml 53 43 46 42

33 Feacal Coliforms IS 1622 MPN/100 ml 5 4 4 4


52

Table 3.16 - Surface Water quality in the Study Area S. No Parameter Method Unit SW5 SW6 SW7 SW8

1 pH APHA 22nd Edition 4500 H+ B -- 7.50 7.54 7.44 7.36

2 Color APHA 22nd Edition 2120 B CU < 1.0 < 1.0 <1.0 <1.0

3 Turbidity APHA 22nd Edition 2130 B NTU 1 1 1 5

4 Total Dissolved Solids APHA 22nd Edition 2540 C mg/l 615.0 825.0 520.0 830.5

5 Total Alkalinity (as CaCO3) APHA 22nd Edition 2320 B mg/l 200 245 190 270

6 Total Hardness (as CaCO3) APHA 22nd Edition 2340 C mg/l 290 320 310 260

7 Calcium (as Ca ) APHA 22nd Edition 3500 Ca B mg/l 65.30 72.14 69.16 60.12

8 Magnesium (as Mg) APHA 22nd Edition 3500-Mg B mg/l 28.56 29.16 36.45 26.06

9 Sulphate (as SO4) APHA 22nd Edition 4500 SO4 E mg/l 35.4 45.6 32.4 49.44

10 Chloride (as Cl) APHA 22nd Edition 4500 Cl- B mg/l 64.7 99.94 54.9 115.9

11 Lead as Pb APHA 22nd Edition 3111B mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01

12 Cadmium as Cd APHA 22nd Edition 3111B mg/l < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001

13 Total Chromium as Cr APHA 22nd Edition 3111B mg/l < 0.05 < 0.05 <0.05 <0.05

14 Copper as Cu APHA 22nd Edition 3111B mg/l < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01

15 Zinc as Zn APHA 22nd Edition 3111B mg/l < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5

16 Nickel as Ni APHA 22nd Edition 3111B mg/l < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02

17 Fluorides as F APHA 22nd Edition 4500 F- D mg/l < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1

18 Aluminium as Al APHA 22nd Edition 3500 Al B mg/l < 0.03 < 0.03 < 0.03 < 0.03

19 Boron as B APHA 22nd Edition 4500 B B mg/l < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5

20 Manganese as Mn APHA 22nd Edition 3111B mg/l < 0.05 < 0.05 <0.05 <0.05

21 Iron as Fe APHA 22nd Edition 3500 Fe B mg/l < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1

22 Nitrate Nitrogen APHA 22nd Edition 4500 NO3 B mg/l 1.51 1.84 1.67 1.59

23 Chemical Oxygen Demand APHA 22nd Edition 5220 B mg/l 55.0 72.0 32.0 81.0

24 BOD(3day’s at 27oC) IS 3025 (Part – 44) 2009 mg/l 13.2 17.5 7.2 19.3

25 Sodium as Na APHA 22nd Edition 3500 Na B mg/l 75.4 125.3 112.0 116.3

26 Potassium as K APHA 22nd Edition 3500 K B mg/l 4.5 7.23 3.6 4.52

27 Total Suspended Solids APHA 22nd Edition 2540 D mg/l 12.6 16.4 17.4 13.9

28 Dissolved Oxygen APHA 22nd Edition 4500 O C mg/l 5.2 5.4 5.2 5.3

29 Oil and grease APHA 22nd Edition 5520 B mg/l <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0

30 Electrical Conductivity APHA 22nd Edition 2510 B μmho/cm 975 1320 870 1290

31 Phosphorus as P APHA 22nd Edition 4500 P C mg/l 0.11 0.12 0.09 0.08

32 Total Coliform IS 1622 MPN/100 ml 49 52 43 55

33 Feacal Coliforms IS 1622 MPN/100 ml 4 5 4 5

**BDL - Below Detectable Limit


53

3.12.3 Observations

The water quality of the area has been studied taking eight locations in the core

and buffer zone. The ground water analysis results were compared with the

standards for drinking water as per IS: 10500: 2012. The results indicate that the

pH ranges between 7.08 and 7.82 and TDS ranges from 448.8 to 1195 mg/l. The

total hardness ranges from 230 – 420 mg/l.

3.13 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

Study of biological environment is one of the important aspects in Environmental

Impact Assessments. Biotic component comprises of both plant and animal

communities which interact within the community and between themselves but

also with abiotic i.e. physical and chemical components of the environment.

Generally a biological community is being dependent on the environmental

conditions and resources of its location it may change if there are many major

changes in the environment.

The number of variables like temperature, humidity, atmospheric conditions, soil,

and topography, etc. is responsible for maintaining the homeostasis of the

environment and a change in any one or more of these variables may tend to

destabilize the ecosystem. In such cases the change may be mostly irreversible.

Therefore the need to assess the changes of the plant and animal resources is

primary requisite as these living things determine the environmental healthiness of

any given ecosystem or environment.

3.13.1 Assessment of Ecological Environment

Assessment of the existing vegetation types in the core as well as buffer zone has

been done using standard procedures. The terrain of the impact zone is chiefly

plain and in some places gentle undulations are observed.

The Biodiversity studies were already carried out in the entire study area of 10 km

radius. The study of flora was conducted as per the guidelines of the Ministry of

Environment and Forests, Government of India (Anonymous 1994), with respect to

the scope and objectives. The study involved in collection of primary data by

conducting survey in the field, examination of floral and faunal records in


54

previously published reports and records, and analysis of the information in view of

the possible alteration in environment of the proposed project site. For the survey

of fauna both direct and indirect observation methods were used.

The flora of proposed region has an appreciable diversity, which may be attributed

to the diversity in soil type and the physiography of the region. Some flora and

fauna observed in the study area are given below.

3.13.2 Flora & Fauna at the study area

There is no verdant vegetation within the study area. The predominant species are

small trees and bushes. The growth of natural flora is very limited.

Core Zone

The project site is a private land with manmade ecosystem with few selected

trees, shrubs and herbs. Entire area is with terrestrial vegetation is without any

forest or agriculture land and it was devoid of any ecologically sensitive biological

resources. There are no REET species present in the core zone. No migratory

corridors or breeding grounds for faunal species present here.

At present there is no green belt within their site premises. Some space was

allotted to raise specific plants in core zone. No special precautions were made

towards conservation of faunal diversity. The common butterflies, dragonflies,

birds and smaller mammals were sighted here.

Ornamental species like Plumaria alba and other croton plants are maintained. The

premise was naturally grown species such as Azadiracta indica, Pongamia pinnata,

Ficus bengalensis, Borassus and Prosophis juliflora. The most commonly seen

shrubs are Calotripis procera, Phoenix sp. etc and herbs are very limited as the

entire ground covered with carpet grass and other natural Indian grass varieties

covered. Apart from that few weeds are commonly seen at few places are

Tephrocia purpuria, Lucas aspecra, Casia uniflora, Euphorbia hirta, Croton

bonplantianum, Tridax procumbance.

The faunal composition generally with arboreal and semi arboreal based animals.

Some very common small animals like Squirrels, rats, skinks and lizards are

generally found here. In aves, Cattle egrets, Mynas, White headed babblers,


55

Sparrows, Black drango and Indian Robin are seen. Butterflies are fairly attracted

to the ornamental plants and water present on grasses during sprinkling.

Buffer Zone

Buffer zone is mostly with human habitations. Buffer area is mainly non cultivable

waste land. This area has few trees and shrubs with Mesophytic adaptation. The

faunal composition was also estimated based on the direct and indirect evidences.

Phoenix aculis, Borassus flabellifera, Azadirachta indica, Prosopis spicegera, Ficus

sp, Acacia sp, Tribulus terrstris, Achyranthus aspera, Euphorbia caudifolia, E.

tirucelli. Opuntia, are mainly restricted to waste and culturable waste lands ands.

Albizia procera, Albizia lebbeck, Delonix regia, Azadirchta indcia, Peltoforum sp.,

Terminalia catapa, Psidium guava, Dalbergia sisso and Tamarindus indica are

predominant near villages.

IVI and Species Diversity

The diversity indices of the core and buffer zones were 2.275 and 2.931

respectively. The indexes show that the core zone is less diverse area than buffer

zone.

Endemic, Threatened and Endangered Plant Species

In the floristic checklist, the study area shows rich floristic diversity. A good

number of species are commercially cultivated in orchards. Number of plant

species has medicinal value and also important for other non timber produces.

From the present survey it appears that none of the endangered plant species exist

in the study area.

Aquatic Ecosystem:

The biological resources of aquatic system were studied in the small ponds present

in buffer area. Fishes: A total of 22 species of fishes have been recorded in the

study area by secondary source of information. Amphibia: 5 common species were

seen during the study. Aquatic Bird: 6 species of aquatic birds are recorded.

Threatened and Endangered Aquatic Fauna: The survey results show that none of

the aquatic fauna is threatened or endangered according to Indian Wildlife

(Protection) Act, 1972 and amended in 1991.


56

3.14 Demography and Socio-economics

For assessing the prevailing socio-economic aspects of people in the study area

around the proposed plant, the required data has been collected from various

secondary sources and analyzed.

3.14.1 Methodology Adopted for the Study

The methodology adopted for the study is primarily based on the review of

secondary data, such as District Primary Census Statistical Handbook of Ranga

Reddy District, 2011 for the parameters of demography, occupational structure of

people within the study area of 5 Km radius around the proposed plant. The salient

features of the demographic and socio-economic aspects of the study area are

described in the following sections.

3.14.2 Demographic Aspects

Distribution of Population

The mine area is located far away from human settlements. Only a few villages are

located within a vicinity of 5 km from the mine site. The details are as following in

Table 3.17.

Table 3.17 Human settlements

Name of the Village Approximate distance from

mine site (in km)

Approximate

population*

Ekmamidi 1.40 5,177

Narayanapur 3.68 969

Chinchalpet 5.32 2,455

Dathapur 6.10 497

Aknapur 8.29 1,772

* District Primary Census Hand Book, 2011

As per 2011 census the study area consisted of 10,870 persons inhabited in the 5

km radius study area. The distribution of population in the study area is shown in

Table 3.18. The males and females constitute about 50.6 % and 49.4 % of the

study area.


57

Table 3.18 Distribution of population in study area 2011

Particulars General Study Area

No. of Households 2,477

Male Population 5,498

Female Population 5,372

Total Population 10,870

Source: District Primary Census Hand Book - 2011

a. Sex Ratio

The configuration of male and female indicates that the males and females

constituted about 50.6 % and 49.4 % of the total population respectively, as per

2011 census records. The study area on an average had 5,372 females per 5,498

males as per 2011 census.

Social Structure

In the study area, as per 2011 census, 19.41 % of the population belonged to

Scheduled Castes (SC) and 0.5 % to the Scheduled Tribes (ST). This indicates that a

considerable share of population in the study area belong to weaker sections which

works out to about 19.91% of the total population in 2011. The distribution of

population in the study area by social structure is tabulated in Table 3.19.

Table 3.19 Distribution of Population by Social Structure 2011

Sl. No. Particulars Number Percentage

1. Scheduled Castes 3,079 28.32

2. Scheduled Tribes 30 0.27

3. Total SC and ST 3,109 28.57

4. Other castes 7,777 71.43

Source: District Primary Census Hand Book, 2011

Literacy Levels

The analysis of the literacy levels in the study area reveals a lower literacy rate in

the study area. The study area experienced a lower literacy rate of 54.5% in 2011.

If this is computed only for the people of above the age group of 5 years, i.e. the

school going age people, this would considerably increase the literacy rates. The

distribution of literates and literacy rates in the study area is given in Table 3.20.


58

Table 3.20 Distribution of Literates and Literacy Rates 2011

S. No. Particulars Study Area

1. Total Literates 6,048

2. Average Literacy Rate (%) 54.5

3. Male Literacy (%) 59.29

4. Female Literacy (%) 40.70

5. Male Literates 3586

6. Female Literates 2462


Occupational Structure

The occupational structure of the study area is presented in Table 3.21.

Table 3.21 Occupational structures 2011

S. No. Occupation Study Area

No. Population (%)

1. Total main workers 4790 44.06

Male 2683 56.01

Female 2107 43.98

2. Marginal workers 1135 10.44

Male 492 43.34

Female 643 56.65

3. Non-workers 4945 45.49

Male 2323 46.97

Female 2622 53.02

Total Population 10870 100


Infrastructure Facilities

The infrastructure and amenities available in the study area denotes the economic

well being of the region. A multitude of infrastructure facilities are available in

the study area, which consists of advanced and super specialty facilities in fields of

education, health care, communications, transportation, etc. also onsite facilities

like temporary sheds, toilets, first aid room etc., and shelters like Ear plugs,

helmet, gloves, safety shoes, nose mask, jackets and goggles etc., will be provided

to the mine workers. A review of infrastructure facilities available in the area has

been done based on the information given in the District Census Handbook and the


59

data of National Informatics Center, for the year 2011. The Infrastructure facilities

available in the rural areas of the study area are described in the subsequent

sections.

Transport Facilities

The study area is connected by road transport facilities. As a whole, the study area

has moderate level of communication network. The study area has situated near to

Nawabpet - Vikarabad - Road (SH) located at a distance of 0.51 Km on East

direction. The village roads and State Highway roads are close to site so mode of

transportation is easier.

Draft EIA Report for the proposed Laterite Mine at Ekmamidi (V), Nawabpet (M),Vikarabad (Ranga Reddy) District, Telangana State

60

4. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND MITIGATION

MEASURES

4.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter identifies sources of pollution from proposed mining activity in the laterite

mine and evaluation of various impacts on environmental attributes in the study area.

“Environmental Impact” can be defined as any alteration of environmental conditions or

creation of a new set of environmental conditions, adverse or beneficial, caused or

induced by the action or set of actions under consideration.

Generally, the environmental impacts can be categorized as either primary or secondary.

Primary impacts are those, which are attributed directly by the project, secondary

impacts are those, which are indirectly induced and typically include the associated

investment and changed pattern of social and economic activities by the proposed action.

Various impacts have been studied and are discussed in the subsequent sections.

4.1.1 Identification of impacts

Mining operations involve development of benches, approach roads, handling and

transportation, haul roads. The likely effects of these activities are:

• Fugitive dust generation

• Land degradation

• Human health risks

The mining and associated activities of within the proposed mining area, etc will lead to

emissions of fugitive dust and noise levels in the mining area. However, it is proposed that

adequate control measures will be provided which includes water sprinkling along the

haulage road side to reduce fugitive dust emissions.

Proposed open cast mine will result in disturbance of land use pattern of the area and

cutting of benches will result in higher chance of erosion effects due to surface run-offs

during heavy rainfall.

The environmental impacts associated with the mining and associated activities are

described in the following sections.


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4.2 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY

4.2.1 Impact on Air Quality

Laterite mining will be carried out by opencast semi mechanized. The air borne

particulate matter generated by handling operations and mineral transportation is the

main air pollutant. The emission of Sulphur dioxide (SO2), oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)

contributed by diesel operated excavation / loading equipment and vehicles plying on haul

roads will be marginal. Prediction of impacts on air environment has been carried out

taking into consideration proposed production and net increase in emissions.

Air pollution sources in the operating mine are classified into three categories

• Point source: Mining operations (Excavation)

• Area source: Extraction of Laterite form the mine lease area

• Line source: Transportation of Laterite from mining bench to mineral stockpile

Water tankers with spraying arrangement will be used for regular water sprinkling on the

haul roads to ensure effective dust suppression. The tippers will be timely maintained so

that exhaust smoke does not contribute abnormal values of noxious gases and un-burnt

hydrocarbons.

To assess the impact due to the production 10,57,708.6 Tonnes per annum on air

environment predictions has been carried out using ISC - AERMOD MODEL.

4.2.2 Air pollution impact prediction

The major sources of Air pollution due to the proposed mine is dust generation due to,

excavation, loading and transportation of mineral, wind erosion of exposed material. The

pollutants released into the atmosphere will disperse in the down wind direction and

finally reach the ground at farther distance from the source. The concentration of ground

level concentrations mainly depends upon the strength of the emission source and

micrometeorology of the study area.

4.2.3 Air Quality Modelling

Prediction of particulate emissions, ISC-AERMOD View 8.8.9 model was used to predict

changes in air quality i.e., maximum ground level concentration (GLC’s) of PM10 and PM2.5

due to the proposed mining activity. The inputs required for the model is:

• Hourly meteorological data

• Source data


62

• Receptor data

• Programme control parameters

In order to estimate the ground level concentrations due to the emission from the

proposed project, EPA approved Industrial Source Complex ISC AERMOD View Model has

been employed.

The mathematical model used for predictions on air quality impact in the present study is

ISC-AERMOD View 8.8.9. It is the next generation air dispersion model, which incorporates

planetary boundary layer concepts.

The AERMOD is actually a modelling system with three separate components:

� AERMOD (AERMIC Dispersion Model),

� AERMAP (AERMOD Terrain Pre-processor)

� AERMET (AERMOD Meteorological Pre-processor)

Special features of AERMOD include its ability to treat the vertical in homogeneity of the

planetary boundary layer special treatment of surface releases, irregularly shaped area

sources, a plume model for the convective boundary layer, limitation of vertical mixing in

the stable boundary layer, and fixing the reflecting surface at the stack base.

The AERMET is the meteorological pre-processor for the AERMOD. Input data can come

from hourly cloud cover observations, surface meteorological observations and twice-a-

day upper air soundings. Output includes surface meteorological observations and

parameters and vertical profiles of several atmospheric parameters.

The AERMAP is a terrain pre-processor designed to simplify and standardize the input of

terrain data for the AERMOD. Input data include receptor terrain elevation data. Output

includes, for each receptor, location and height scale, which are elevations used for the

computation of airflow around hills.

4.2.4 Source Characterization

A detailed listing of all emission sources and their corresponding modelling input release

parameters and emission rates is listed this report. A general description of how each

source type was treated is presented below.The emission Sources from the proposed

operation are

Table 0-1: Emission Source

Activity Process Sources Fugitive Dust Sources Mining Excavation Loading and Hauling

Transportation Haul Roads


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4.2.4.1 Point Sources

Point sources for mining operations typically include dust collectors, hot water heaters,

and emergency generator(s). The following sources are anticipated at the present source.

1) Excavator (Hitachi) 200

2) Tippers

3) Dewatering Pumps

The above machineries are adequate to meet out the simultaneous development and

production schedule drawn out in this mining plan.

4.2.4.2 Volume Source

4.2.4.2.1 Road Source

A road network was developed to depict the anticipated haul truck routes and truck

discharge locations during the mine operations. The anticipated emissions from the road

sources and corresponding anticipated impact during the monitoring period of November

2016 to January 2017 emissions were estimated. Emissions due to haul road and general

plant traffic on the unpaved road network were modelled as volume sources. The model

volume source parameter for the haul roads initially utilized USPEA developed emission

factors for hauling trucking. The haul road sources utilized source to source spacing of 6

meters along the simulated haul roads. The initial lateral dimension of the sources were

set to 3 m were used as an input to replicated a 2 truck travel adjacent for a typical

mining scenario.

The parameters considered for the hauling operation include the following

� size of haul trucks commonly used –

� degree of dust control/compaction of permanent haul roads

4.2.4.2.2 Other Fugitive emissions

Other fugitive particulate emission sources that were modelled as volume sources include

the following:

• Fugitive emissions from trucks unloading at the primary crusher were represented

by a single volume source. The release height was set to 0 meters (dump pocket is

at grade level).


64

• Fugitive emissions due to wind erosion are not considered as the mining area is

predominately rocky surface with minimal wind erosion. If an wind erosion is

anticipated to occur, it would be localized.

• Fugitive emissions from transfer points were represented by single volume sources.

The release heights for these sources were set to the actual height of the truck

transfer process.

4.2.4.2.3 Tail Pipe Emissions

Tail pipe emissions from Haul Trucks and support vehicles were distributed among road

emission sources. The amount of emissions assigned to each individual road segment and

to the pit was based upon an evaluation of the vehicle miles travelled (VMT) estimates for

each vehicle type along each road segment and inside the project area.

4.2.4.2.4 Post Project Scenario

Emissions from operations will result from process equipment and mining operations.

Process equipment was modelled at maximum capacity. Emissions from mining were based

upon the mining rate and haul truck travel necessary to transport the stones and waste

from the pit to the storage area.

Predicted maximum ground level concentrations considering micro meteorological data of

November 2016 to January 2017 are superimposed on the maximum baseline

concentrations obtained during the study period to estimate the post project scenario,

which would prevail at the post operational phase. The overall scenario with predicted

concentrations over the maximum baseline concentrations is shown in the following table

along with isopleths Figures 4.3.

Average In-use Emission Rates for Heavy Duty Vehicles

Pollutant HDDV (diesel)

(grams/mile)

Emission rate assuming Vehicle Travel within the project at 40

km/h (g/s)

NOX 8.613 0.029906

Pm2.5 0.202 0.001403

PM10 0.219 0.002281


65

Figure 4.1 Isopleths showing predicted incremental GLC’s of PM10 in μg/m3 for the study period


66

Figure 4.2 Isopleths showing predicted incremental GLC’s of PM2.5 in μg/m3 for the study period


67

Figure 4.3 Isopleths showing predicted 24 hourly GLC of NOx in μg/m3 for the study period


68

Figure 4.3 Isopleths showing predicted 24 hourly GLC of SO2 in μg/m3 for the study period


68

4.2.5 Results and conclusion

The ground level concentrations are computed for 24-hr average. The combined ground

level concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2and NOx from the different mining activities at

different nearby locations within the study for study period are given in table 4.2. The

maximum GLC’s were falling within the lease area for the given meteorological and

topographical conditions.

Table 4.2 Total expected Ground Level Concentrations at different locations in the

study

RECEPTOR LOCATIONS

GROUND LEVEL CONCENTRATIONS OF PM10 IN µg/m3

PREDICTED BACKGROUN

D (Max) TOTAL

EXPECTED CPCB

STANDARD

Project Site 6.11 68.6 74.71

100

Kesavapalli Thanda 0.21 69.5 69.71

Nawabpet 0.12 69.8 69.92

Chinchalpet 0.14 69 69.14

Vikarabad 0.08 71.7 71.78

Narayanpur 0.07 65.4 65.47

Ekmamidi 1.65 69.6 71.25

Yerravalli 0.22 68.2 68.42

RECEPTOR LOCATIONS

GROUND LEVEL CONCENTRATIONS OF PM2.5 IN µg/m3

PREDICTED BACKGROUND

(Max) TOTAL

EXPECTED CPCB

STANDARD Project Site 0.82 47.7 48.52

60


Nawabpet 0.02 47.7 47.72

Chinchalpet 0.02 48.5 48.52

Vikarabad 0.01 48.8 48.81

Narayanpur 0.01 43.2 43.21

Ekmamidi 0.25 48 48.25

Yerravalli 0.03 47.7 47.73

RECEPTOR LOCATIONS

GROUND LEVEL CONCENTRATIONS OF NOx IN µg/m3


(Max) TOTAL

EXPECTED CPCB

STANDARD Project Site 14.47 29.4 43.87

80


Nawabpet 0.28 29.8 30.08


Vikarabad 0.19 29.1 29.29

Narayanpur 0.16 28.2 28.36

Ekmamidi 3.89 27.5 31.39

Yerravalli 0.52 29.1 29.62


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RECEPTOR LOCATIONS

GROUND LEVEL CONCENTRATIONS OF SO2IN µg/m3


(Max) TOTAL

EXPECTED CPCB

STANDARD

Project Site 7.18 14.8 21.98

80


Nawabpet 0.14 14.8 14.94


Vikarabad 0.09 14.9 14.99

Narayanpur 0.08 15.6 15.68

Ekmamidi 1.93 14.7 16.63

Yerravalli 0.26 15.6 15.86

The ground level concentration will not increase significantly the concentration of

PM10;PM2.5, NOx & SO2 values are well within the standards prescribed by CPCB for ambient

air quality.

4.2.6 Proposed air pollution control measures

• Regular sprinkling of water at the active mine faces and also on the haul

roads

• Regular maintenance of transport vehicles

• Provision of dust masks to the workers

• Avoiding overloading of tippers and covering of loaded tippers with

tarpaulins during mineral transportation

• Limiting the speed of transport vehicles

• Regular maintenance of transportation road outside the mine lease area

• Maintenance of 7.5m barrier zone all along the mine lease boundary and

greenbelt in the barrier zone

• Periodical monitoring of air quality to take steps to control the pollutants

4.2.7 Proposed control measures for traffic density

• Batch transport system will be adopted, consisting 10 trucks in one batch

thereby providing sufficient space for normal traffic.

• Silencers of the transportation vehicles will be maintained in good

conditions to avoid high noise generators

• Speed breakers, traffic signals, foot paths, etc will be provided at strategic

locations for the safety of the pedestrians.

• Only trained drivers will be employed and all traffic rules will be strictly

followed.


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• Regular cleaning / sweeping of mineral transportation roads nearby

habitations outside the mine lease area.

4.3 NOISE ENVIRONMENT AND GROUND VIBRATIONS

4.3.1 Anticipated impacts on noise level

The main sources of noise in the mine area classified as follows:

• Mobile Mining Equipment

• Transportation vehicles

Mining machinery like excavators and transportation vehicles will create noise

pollution in the working area as well as along the transportation route. Predictions

have been carried out to compute the noise level at various distances around the

working pit due to these noise generating sources.

4.3.2 Proposed control measures for noise pollution

• Maintenance of greenbelt all around the working areas

• Regular maintenance and tuning of mine machinery

• Provision of PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) to the personnel who are

exposed continuously to the operation area

• Display of sign boards at noise generation zones

• Limiting the speed of haulage vehicles / tippers

• Carrying out the mining activity and mineral transportation activities during

day time only.

4.4 WATER ENVIRONMENT

4.4.1 Impacts on surface water resources

There are no perennial water sources in and around the mining lease applied area

within 500m radius. The surface rain water of the area flows from top of the area

through the slopes and joins to seasonal nalas and tank, which is located outside

the area on southern side.

4.4.2 Impacts on ground water


71

The general ground water table is estimated at 20 m below ground level in the

mine lease area. Since the mine workings are proposed on top of the mound, there

are no chances for accumulation of ground water in working pit. There is no

ground water bodies like open wells or bore wells in this area. Since the mine

workings are proposed on top of the mound, there are no chances for accumulation

of ground water in working pit.The total water requirement would be 8 KLD for

individual mines and will be sourced from nearby villages. Later, the rainwater

accumulated in mine pits will be used for dust suppression and plantation to the

extent possible.

4.4.3 Impact on water quality

The rainwater, which is going to be collected at pit bottom during rainy seasons,

will be percolated through the joint or bedding plain of the minerals. Due to

percolation of rainwater from pit bottom, the ground water will be get recharged.

There will not be any disturbance to the surface water bodies.

The mineral does not contain any toxic material. The mining operation will retain

much above the ground water table of the area. Thus, there will not be any

adverse impact on the ground water quality of the area.

There will not be any process effluent generation in the min lease area. Domestic

effluent from the mine office will be discharged into individual septic tank and

soak pit system. Thus, no significant impact is anticipated on the surface or ground

water regime of the area due to the proposed mining.

4.4.4 Proposed water pollution control measures

• No mining during monsoon season

• Collection of surface run-off from the mine lease area in mine pits for

settling.

• Construction of garland drains around the slope to collect and divert the

surface run-off from undisturbed area away from the mining area.

• Plantation of fast growing grasses, small plants and bushes along with tall

trees on the 7.5m wide green belt around the mine lease area to control soil

erosion.


72

• Channelizing surface run-off from the mine lease area through garland

drains to settling ponds and only properly settled water will be discharged

outside the mine lease area.

• Provision of septic tank and soak pit system for discharge of domestic

effluent.

4.4.5 Proposed rainwater harvesting measures

No mining activity will be carried out during monsoon months. The surface run-off

from the mine lease area will be collected into the mine pits and will be allowed

to percolate into ground thereby improving the ground water recharge.

Also, rainwater harvesting structures will be constructed at strategic locations in

the nearby villages with consent from the respective gram panchayats to improve

the ground water status of the area.

4.5 SOIL QUALITY

4.5.1 Impacts on soil quality

The lease area is in mound shape and the surrounding is slightly undulating and

having sloppy terrain. The soil cover is absent in the quarry area. Therefore the

mining in this area will initiate utility of the land, if soil generates can be utilized

for reclamation of degraded area. Thus, no significant impact is anticipated on the

soil of the area due to the proposed mining.

4.5.2 Soil management

The fertile soil available will be used for plantation around site services and all

along the road. Soil mixed with boulders is unfertile which will be used for laying

roads. The plantation will also help in preventing soil erosion from the mine lease

area.

4.6 LAND USE PATTERN

4.6.1 Impacts on land use pattern


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The mine is located in an area of 42.49 ha. No forestland is involved. The mining

lease area is not a part of any type of forest. Mine lease area is barren and far

away from agricultural lands, hence all the impact on land use is positive because

of high afforestation activities will be carried out by mine proponent.

Due to opencast mining activities, the landscape may not change. There may not

be much effect on the aesthetic environment of the lease area due to mining. The

aesthetic beauty can be maintained by proper reclamation programme. Since this

is an opencast mining proposal the land use on surface will not affect in any way.

4.6.2 Reclamation and rehabilitation plan

Mining operation in the proposed area will commence after grant of obtaining

Environmental Clearance. The mining operation will be opencast semi-mechanized

mine of 3 - 6m will be excavated in next five years at the end of the present plan

period as envisaged now and it can be referred from Progressive mine closure plan

for PMCP. There is no possibility of attaining optimum depth at the end of fifth

year and so there will be no consideration for Reclamation and Rehabilitation

within next five years.

Thus, at the conceptual stage, the mine lease area will be covered with thick

plantation and surface water bodies. Thus, the present barren landscape of the

mine lease area will be changed into afforested landscape. This will improve the

atheistic and ecological status of the area.

4.7 SOIL WASTE MANAGEMENT AND DISPOSAL

The mining activity revels that the total Laterite, excavated from the surface of

the lease area is feasible in present market. So, no waste generation was found

from this mine. There are no chances for generation of waste in this plan period.

4.8 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

4.8.1 Impact on biological environment

There is no National Park, Wildlife Sanctuary, Biosphere Reserve, Tiger/Elephant

Reserve, Wildlife corridor etc. within 10 km radius of the project site.Ekamamidi

and Pulmadi Reserved Forest is falls at a distance within 0.7 km and 6.8 km


74

respectively in the west direction, which is far away from the proposed mine site,

therefore, mining will not cause problem to the existing wildlife.

It is also observed that the faunal species found in the study area are commonly

found species. No rare, endemic & endangered species are reported in the buffer

zone. However, during mining activities the mine management will practice

scientific method of mining with proper Environmental Management Plan including

pollution control measures especially for air and noise, which will not cause any

adverse impact on the surrounding wildlife.

The following impacts are identified on the biological environment due to the

proposed mining activities.

Direct and indirect impacts

The impacts of the mine can be divided as direct and indirect impacts. The

possible direct impacts of mining on wildlife are as follows;

• Loss of habitat on the mine site and surrounding areas

• Disturbance to wildlife due to mining operations

• Disturbance to wildlife due to transportation of mined material

• Presence of work force including management and supervisory staff and

labours causing an impact on surrounding forests and wildlife

• Impact of social problems after closure of mine

Likely indirect impacts of mining are as follows;

• Impact of induced development in the surrounding region

The proposed mining activity will not come under forest area. Hence, there will

not be any adverse impact on the biological environment.

4.8.2 Proposed biological environment protection measures

A detailed study on ecology and wildlife of the core zone and buffer zone of the

proposed mine was carried out and a detailed plan was prepared to minimize the

impacts of the mining on ecology and wildlife of the area.


75

The type of impacts and protection measures for biological environment are given

below.

Table 4.1 - Impacts and mitigation measures for biological environment

S.No Type of impact Impact prevention / Mitigation 1. Loss of Biodiversity &

Habitat - site clearing and preparation

Habitat restoration to be carried out concurrently

2. Loss of biodiversity and habitat due to road and infrastructure

Identification of alignment which will cause minimal disturbance to habitats

3. Disturbance due to mining

operations: Noise and

human presence: heavy

earth machinery moving

machinery

i) Operations to be carried out during the day time

ii) Creating barrier to the sound with the help of vegetation

iii) Use of low noise equipments iv) Plantation of native species

4. Disturbance to wildlife due to transport

i) No vehicles movement after the sunset or dust

ii) Trucks to move in group to reduce frequent disturbance

iii) Training and awareness for truck / tipper drivers.

4.9 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

4.9.1 Anticipated impacts on socio-economy of the area

The impact of the proposed project on socio economic conditions of the study area

is as follows.

• Economic upliftment of the area

• Rapid growth of service sector will result in increase of incomes in the area

• Raising of home rents and land prices and increase in labour rates

4.9.2 Measures for improvement in the socio-economic status

The impacts of the proposed laterite mine on demography and socio economic

condition are as follows.

• The proposed laterite mine will help to the development of surrounding

areas of mine


76

• Increase in employment opportunities and reduction in migrants to outside

for employment

• Increase in literacy rate

• Growth in services sector

• The overall impact on the socio economic environment will be beneficial.

• Improvement in transport, infrastructural, educational and medical

facilities.

4.9.3 Measures for improvement in the social infrastructure

The total man power requirement for the cluster is 200 (approximate) and will get

the opportunity towards direct employment and indirect employment as skilled,

semi skilled labours and operators. This will improve the standard of living of the

villagers.

4.9.4 Proposed socio-economic welfare measures

• Local people mainly depend upon agriculture, where the income is irregular

and low. Providing employment in the mines will increase their per capita

income and improve the life style of the people.

• Proper arrangements will be made for safe and healthy conditions such as

dust suppression during loading, unloading & transporting, etc. Development

of allied business centers and other small scale industries will help to

improve social standards of the surrounding villagers.

• Infrastructural facilities and earning avenues will improve due to mining

activities. General economic level within the buffer zone will improve,

which in turn improves quality of life; level of education and training. Direct

and indirect employment opportunities will go up

• Awareness of Safety and Environment, through the conducting of Mines

Safety & Environment Week, is likely to go up

• The Management of the Mine shall recruit the semi skilled & unskilled

workers from the nearby villages, which increases the social status of the

villagers. Direct and indirect employment will help these villagers to

improve their economic condition. Poor Educational and Medical facilities in

these villages will also improve.


77

• Mine management will contribute for the upliftment of these villages by

conducting regular medical camps, assistance in developing necessary

infrastructure facilities like maintenance of schools, village roads, drinking

water supply, etc.

4.10 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

Occupational health and safety hazards occur during the operational phase of

mining and primarily include the following:

• Respiratory hazards

• Noise

• Physical hazards

4.10.1 Respiratory hazards

Long-term exposure to silica dust may cause silicosis. The following measures are

proposed:

• Cabins of excavators and tippers will be enclosed

• Use of personal dust masks will be made compulsory

4.10.2 Noise

Workers are likely to get exposed to excessive noise levels during mining activities.

The following measures are proposed for implementation

• No employee will be exposed to a noise level greater than 85 d B(A) for a

duration of more than 8 hours per day without hearing protection

• The use of hearing protection will be enforced actively when the equivalent

sound level over 8 hours reaches 85 dB(A), the peak sound levels reach 140

dB(C), or the average maximum sound level reaches 110 dB(A)

• Ear muffs provided will be capable of reducing sound levels at the ear to at

least 85 dB(A)

• Periodic medical hearing checks will be performed on workers exposed

to high noise levels


78

4.10.3 Physical hazards

The following measures are proposed for control of physical hazards

• Specific personnel training on work-site safety management will be taken

up;

• Work site assessment will be done by rock scaling of each surface exposed

to workers to prevent accidental rock falling and / or landslide, especially

after blasting activities;

• Natural barriers, temporary railing, or specific danger signals will be

provided along rock benches or other pit areas whe.re work is performed at

heights more than 2m from ground level;

• Maintenance of yards, roads and footpaths, providing sufficient water

drainage and preventing slippery surfaces with an all-weather surface, such

as coarse gravel will be taken up

4.10.4 Occupational health survey

All the persons will undergo pre-employment and periodic medical examination.

Employees will be monitored for occupational diseases by conducting the following

tests

• General physical tests

• Audiometric tests

• Full chest, X-ray, Lung function tests, Spirometric tests

• Periodic medical examination - yearly

• Lung function test - yearly, those who are exposed to dust

• Eye test

Essential medicines will be provided at the site. The medicines and other test

facilities will be provided at free of cost. The first aid box will be made available

at the mine for immediate treatment.

First aid training will be imparted to the selected employees regularly. The lists of

first aid trained members shall be displayed at strategic places.


79

5. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES (TECHNOLOGY AND SITE)

5.1 SITE ALTERNATIVES UNDER CONSIDERATION

The mining projects are site specific as such alternate sites were not considered.

5.2 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGY

5.2.1 Method of Mining

As per the original approved Mining Plan, The method of mining shall be opencast,

semi mechanized on single shift basis. Excavations shall be carried out by simple

excavators. Bench height and width will be maintained at 3m and 3m each

respectively, with overall slope at 60°. Excavation and loading shall be carried out

with simple excavators of capacity 0.9 to 1.1 cu.m bucket capacity. This shall be

utilized for developmental work, excavation and loading into the trucks. Tippers of

10T capacity shall be utilized for all transportation purposes.


the M.L area. Then the advancement of the bench shall be made in all direction to

achieve the targeted production. Year-wise production shall be made as follows

and in the block ear marked for the same.


loading and transporting equipment.

The opencast mining operations consist of four major operations viz. excavating,

loading and transport. Excavation and loading is carried out using 0.9 to 1.10 cu.m

size Excavator (Hitachi) 200 and any other suitable equipment. Consumers shall

arrange their 18 - 25 tonner trucks, which shall be directly loaded or otherwise

Tippers of 10 T capacity are being used for transportation of the laterite to the

stock yard.



to minimize the wear and tear of the dumper tires etc. constitute the


Draft EIA Report for the proposed Laterite Mine at Ekmamidi (V), Nawabpet (M),Vikarabad (RangaReddy) District, Telangana State

80

6. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM AND PLAN

6.1 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE OF MITIGATION MEASURES

The mitigation measures suggested in Chapter 6 will be implemented so as to

reduce the impact on the environment due to the operations of the proposed

project. Implementation schedule of mitigation measures are given in Table 6.1.

Table - 6.1 Implementation Schedule

Sl. No. Recommendations Time Requirement Schedule

1. Air pollution control

measures Pre-site clearance onwards Immediate

2. Water pollution control

measures Pre-site clearance onwards Immediate

3. Noise control measures Pre-site clearance onwards Immediate

4. Ecological preservation

and up gradation Pre-site clearance onwards Progressive


6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

The Environmental monitoring for the mining operations will be conducted as

follows:

Air quality

Water and wastewater quality

Noise levels

Greenbelt development

To evaluate the effectiveness of environmental management programme, regular

monitoring of important environmental parameters will be taken up. The schedule,

duration & parameter to be monitored are given in Table 6.2. The monitoring

program for implementation is given below.


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Table - 6.2 Monitoring Schedule for Environment Parameters

S.

No Particulars

Duration of

Sampling Important Monitoring Parameters

1. Air Pollution and Meteorology

Air Quality

A Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

8 locations 24 hours PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, Hg, Pb, Cr

& Ar

Meteorology

A Meteorological

data

Continuous

Monitoring

Wind speed, direction,

temperature, relative humidity

and rainfall

2. Water and Wastewater Quality

A Industrial/Domestic

1) Mine effluents

(if any) during

Monsoon

Once in a month

12 samples per

year

As per EPA Rules, 1989.

B Water quality in the study area

1) Ground Water

quality

Once in a year

As per the parameters specified

under IS:10500

2)

Surface Water Once in a year As per the parameters specified

under IS:10500 along with TSS,

BOD & COD

3) Water table in

bore wells

Once in a year

1 samples per

year

Water table and chemistry of

water

3. Industrial Noise Levels

1) Major noise

generating

sources

24 hr Noise level in dB(A)

2) Project drilling

site

Instantaneous Noise level in dB(A)

Ambient Noise Levels

Eight Locations

around mine

lease area

Once in a year

1 samples per

year

Noise levels in dB(A)

4. Soil Characteristics

1)

Eight samples in

nearby villages

One in a year on

all reclaimed

Colour, textural class, grain size,

distribution, pH, Electrical


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area Conductivity, Bulk Density,

Porosity, Infiltration rate,

Moisture retention capacity,

Wilting Co-efficient, Organic

matter Na, N, K, PO4, SO4, SAR,

Base Exchange Capacity, Pb, Cu,

Zn, Cd, Fe.


Air Pollution Aspects

Ambient air quality is being monitored regularly monitored by NABL/MOEF&CC

recognized Laboratories. The ambient air is being monitored following the

guidelines of the Central Pollution Control Board at 8 locations in and around the

mine lease area. Arrangements will be made to record the meteorological

parameters like wind speed, wind direction, temperature, relative humidity and

rainfall at mine site.

Water and Wastewater Quality

The ground water and surface quality is being monitored in every month at

selected locations. The water table will be monitored in the wells of surrounding

villages once in a year.

Noise Levels

Noise levels in the work zone are being monitored regularly once in a month. The

frequency of noise monitoring will be once in a month in the work zone. The

ambient noise levels in the surrounding villages will be monitored once in eight

months.

Soil Sampling

Soil samples will be tested before plantation/vegetation of the area. The

environmental monitoring cell will co-ordinate all monitoring programs at site and

data thus generated will be regularly furnished to the State as well as other

regulatory agencies.

6.3 MONITORING METHODS AND DATA ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENT MONITORING

All environmental monitoring and relevant operational data will be transferred and

processed in a centralized computer facility equipped with needed software.


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Regular data extracts and interpretive reports will be sent to the concerned

regulator(s).

6.3.1 Air Quality monitoring and Data Analysis

The concentration of air borne pollutants in the workspace / work zone

environment will be monitored periodically. If concentrations higher than

threshold values are observed, the source of fugitive emissions will be identified

and necessary measures will be initiated. Additional greenbelt will be developed

for minimizing dust propagation.

6.3.2 Water and wastewater quality monitoring and data analysis

Methods prescribed in "Standard Methods for Examination of Water and

Wastewater" prepared and published jointly by the American Public Health

Association (APHA), the American Water Works Association (AWWA) and the Water

Pollution Control Federation (WPCF); Manual on Water and Wastewater Analysis

published by NEERI, Nagpur are recommended.

6.4 MONITORING EQUIPMENTS AND CONSUMABLES

Environmental monitoring is being outsourced to a CPCB approved auditors.

6.4.1 Air Quality and Meteorology

The following equipment and consumable items will be provided:

Respirable Dust Samplers

Personal sampler

CO Monitor

Weather station (automatic recording)

Spectrophotometer (visible range)

Single pan balance

Relevant chemicals

Glass wares

6.4.2 Water and waste water quality

The following equipment is recommended to be available with the environment

department.


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BOD incubator

Refrigerator

Oven

Stop watch

Thermometer

pH meter

COD reactor

Portable gas analyzer

Distilled water plant

Relevant chemicals and glass wares

6.4.3 Noise Levels

Sound level meter to record noise levels in different scales like A, B and C with

slow and fast response options and vibration meter.

6.5 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY

Occupational health and safety is very closely related to productivity and good

employer-employee relationship. The main factors of occupational health in mines

are fugitive dust and noise. Safety of employees during maintenance of mining

equipment is to be taken care of as per the Mine Regulations, 1961 and Circulars of

DGMS. To avoid any adverse effects on the health of workers due to dust, heat,

noise and vibration, sufficient measures have been proposed in the EMP. These

include:

Provision of wet drilling /or dust collectors

Provision of rest shelters for mine workers with amenities like drinking

water, fans, toilets etc.

Provision of personnel protection devices for the workers

Rotation of workers exposed to high noise areas

Closed control room in crusher house with proper ventilation

First-aid facilities


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6.6 BUDGETARY ALLOCATION FOR ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION

The details of investment for procuring the equipment for efficient control and

monitoring of pollution along with annual recurring cost are given in Table 6.3. The

budget allocation for individual Laterite mine is given in below table and for

Ekmamidi cluster project the capital cost and recurring cost are 49.91 Lakhs and

19.88 Lakhs respectively.

Table - 6.3 Costs of Environment Protection Measures

S.No. Description of Item Capital Cost

(in Rs)

Operational Cost

in Rs per annum

1. Towards Air Pollution Control

Measures 2,00,000/- 36,000/-

2. Greenbelt Development 80,000/- 30,000/-

3. Towards Water Pollution Control

Measures 2,60,000/- 90,000/-

4. Towards Noise Pollution Control

Measures 43,000/- 23,000/-

5. Towards Occupation Health and

Safety 1,30,000/- 55,000/-

6. Towards Environmental Monitoring - 50,000/-

TOTAL 7,13,000/- 2,84,000/-


The detailed budget for the environmental protection measures are provided in

Table 6.4.

Combined EIA Report for the proposed Laterite Mine at Ekmamidi (V), Nawabpet (M), Ranga Reddy District, Telangana State

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Table 6.4 - Detailed EMP Budget

S. No Description Particulars Capital cost (INR)

Recurring cost (INR)

Remarks

1. Air pollution

Nose masks, 100 Nos 6000

Replaceable, and cost can increase with time

Road wetting and plant water feeding 200000 30000

Water tanker cost @ three tankers per day for 8 months

Plantation on road side plus maintenance

80000 30000 Re-plant the non surviving plants

2. Water

pollution

Construction of garland drains 200000 60000 Once only

Construction of check dams

60000 30000 Once in year, cost incurred is to buy sand bags and filling sand

3. Noise

Pollution

Maintenance of machinery suitably – Rs. 4000 per 3 months

36000 20000 Included in main cost

PPE’s like Ear muffs – Rs. 15 each

7000 3000 Once in six months

4. Occupational

Health & Safety

Providing First aid kits – 3 No’s and fire extinguishers – 5 No’s

10000 5000 Once in year, replace by conducting periodical check up

Providing Personal protective equipments to all employees (hand gloves, safety shoe and helmets)

70000 30000 Included in air pollution and noise pollution

Training and awareness programs on risk factors during emergencies by the experts

20000 10000

Once in six months and create sign boards about the risk and safety precautions regularly

Periodical medical check up and supply of medicines – Rs. 700 per head

30000 10000 Once in a year and supply of medicines for every three months

5. Environmental Ambient air quality studies – Once - 25000 MoEF / NABL recognized


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monitoring in six months – 3 locations laboratories

Water quality studies – Once a year – 3 Locations

- 8000

Noise studies – once in six months – 3 Locations

- 7000

Vibration studies – Once in year – 1 location

- 10000

Total 7,13,000 2,84,000


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7. ADDITIONAL STUDIES

7.1 MINE CLOSURE PLAN

During this next five years the mine workings will occupy an area of 42.49 Ha to a

depth of 3 and 6 mts. In these five years there is no proposal for reclamation of

the pit. The Laterite is also available huge depth of the same pit of this five years

will be used for next five-year workings. After completion of the Laterite, the pit

will be proposed for reclamation at the end of the mine.

7.2 PUBLIC CONSULTATION

The public hearing will be conducted by TSPCB as per the EIA Notification and the

public hearing points raised and commitment of the project proponent is to be

incorporated in the Final EIA Report.

7.3 RISK ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT

7.3.1 Risk Assessment

The aim of risk assessment and disaster management is to identify potential

dangers associated with the mining operation and delineation of corresponding

prevention and control measures.

• Inundation

There is no perennial surface water body within or nearby the mine lease area.

The proposed area is situated on elevated around the area is in mound shape. The

area is elevated from the surrounding and there is no water source in the area

from which inherent seepage of water occur and does not require any specific

drainage pattern. The water accumulation in the pits will be drained out through

gravity in the surroundings. Hence there is no risk due to inundation of the mine

pits.

• Surface fire

There is no ignitable material in Laterite mine. However, use of fire in the mine

lease area may lead to explosion. DG set, HEMM and the trucks are also carriers of

fuel in the mine lease area. Sufficient fire extinguishers of suitable type and make


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will be made available at strategic locations in the mine lease area to control any

fire / explosion incident.

• Loading

The main hazard associated with loading is the truck toppling over due to uneven

ground, failure of hydraulic system; good housekeeping practices, regular cleaning

of the haulage roads and regular maintenance of the HEMM, loading operations

under supervision of competent persons, etc will be done to avoid such accidents.

• Heavy vehicles

Only excavators are involved for mining of Laterite. Tippers will be used for

transportation. The main hazards arising from the use of such machines are

incompetent drivers, brake failure, lack of all around visibility from the drivers

position, access to the cab, vehicle movements particularly reversing, roll over,

vibration, noise, dust and maintenance. Those most at risk are the driver and

company employees likely to be struck by the vehicle. Visibility defects can be

reduced by the use of visibility aids such as rear view mirrors.

Good maintenance and regular testing are necessary to reduce the possibility of

brake failure. An area shall be set out as a testing area where regular tests are

carried out on the effectiveness of a vehicular braking system.

Protection guards will be provided for moving parts of the equipment and handling

heavy components during maintenance work.

• House Keeping

The provision and maintenance of a safe and healthy workplace is the most basic

principle of health and safety. Dirty and untidy workplaces or walkways contribute

to a very large proportion of trip and fall accidents. In the context of surface

mining the provision of well defined roadways and walkways clear of obstruction

and regular cleaning up of spillage will greatly reduce the potential risk for this

type of accidents. Lack of maintenance may leads to roadways and walkways being

unsuitable for use.


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• Health hazard

Normally there shall be not be any hazards due to gaseous pollutants like SO2, NOx

and CO also like liquid discharges do not have any carcinogenic parameters. The

gaseous pollutant levels are much below the permissible limits.

Precautions such as proper maintenance of equipments shall reduce gaseous

emissions so that their emissions are always below the permissible limit in the

mine environment. However, mine management will provide Personnel Protective

Equipment (PPE) to the people who expose to dusty and noisy areas in the mine.

Further, periodic health check-up are being taken-up as per the Mines Act & Rules.

7.3.2 Disaster Management Plan

The disaster management plan is aimed to ensure safety of life, protection of

environment, protection of installation, restoration of production and salvage

operations in this same order of priorities. For effective implementation of the

disaster management plan, it should be widely circulated and personnel training

through rehearsals/drills. The objective of the disaster management plan is to

make use of the combined resources of the mining operation and the outside

services to achieve the following:

� Effect the rescue and medical treatment of casualties

� Safeguard other people

� Minimize damage to property and the environment

� Initially contain and ultimately bring the incident under control

� Identify any dead

� Provide for the needs of relatives

� Provide authoritative information to the news media

� Secure the safe rehabilitation of affected area

� Preserve relevant records and equipment for the subsequent inquiry into the

cause and circumstances of the emergency

� In effect, it is to optimize operational efficiency to rescue rehabilitation and

render medical help and to restore normalcy.


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• Emergency Organization (EO)

It is recommended to setup an emergency organization. A senior executive (Mine

Manager) who has control over the affairs of the mine would be heading the

emergency organization. He would be designated as site controller. As per the

general organization chart, in the mines, the mines manager would be designated

as the Incident Controller (IC). The incident controller would be reporting to the

site controller.

Each incident controller, organizes a team responsible for controlling the incidence

with the personnel under his control. Shift In-charge would be the reporting

officer, who would bring the incidence to the notice of the incidence controller

and site controller.

Emergency coordinators would be appointed who would undertake the

responsibilities like fire fighting, rescue, rehabilitation, transport and provide

essential and support services. For this purposes, Security in-charge, personnel

department, essential services personnel would be engaged. All these personnel

would be designated as key personnel.

In each shift, electrical supervisor, electrical fitters, pump house in-charge and

other maintenance staff would be drafted for emergency operations. In the event

of power or communication system failure, some of staff members in the mine

offices would be drafted and their services would be utilized as messengers for

quick passing of communications. All these personnel would be declared as

essential personnel.

• Emergency Communication (EC)

Whoever notices an emergency situation such as fire, growth of fire etc. would

inform his immediate superior and Emergency Control Centre (ECC). The person on

duty in the emergency control centre would appraise the site controller. Site

Controller verifies the situation from the incident controller of that area or the

Shift In-charge and takes a decision about an impending on site emergency. This

would be communicated to the entire incident controllers, emergency


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coordinators. Simultaneously, the emergency warning system would be activated

on the instructions of the site controller.

• Emergency Responsibilities

The responsibilities of the key personnel are appended below:

• Site Controller

On receiving information about emergency he would rush to emergency control

centre and take charge of ECC (Emergency Control Centre) and the situations

which all are given below:

� Assesses the magnitude of the situation on the advice of incident controller

and decides

� Whether the affected area needs to be evacuated

� Whether personnel who are at assembly points need to be evacuated

� Declares Emergency and orders for operation of emergency siren

� Organizes announcement by public address system about location of

emergency

� Assesses which areas are likely to be affected, or need to be evacuated or

are to be alerted

� Maintains a continuous review of possible development and assesses the

situation in consultation with Incident Controller and other Key Personnel as

to whether shutting the mine operation required and if evacuation of

persons is required

� Directs personnel for Rescue, rehabilitation, transport, fire, brigade,

medical and other designated mutual support systems locally available, for

meeting emergencies

� Controls evacuation of affected areas, if the situation is likely to go out of

control or effects are likely to go beyond the mine boundary, informs to

District Emergency Authority, Police, Hospital and seeks their intervention

and help

� Informs the statutory authorities

� Gives a public statement if necessary


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� Keeps record of chronological events and prepares an investigation report

and preserves evidence

� On completion of On Site Emergency and restoration of normalcy, declares

all clear and orders for all clear warning.

• Incident Controller

� Assembles the incident control team

� Directs operations within the affected areas with the priorities for safety to

personnel, minimize damage to property and environment and minimize the

loss of materials

� Directs the shutting down the operations and areas likely to be adversely

affected by the emergency

� Ensures that all key personnel help is sought

� Provides advice and information to the Fire and Security Officer and the

Local Fire Services as and when they arrive

� Ensures that all non-essential workers/staff of the affected areas evacuated

to the appropriate assembly points, and the areas are searched for

causalities

� Has regard to the need for preservation of evidence so as to facilitate any

inquiry into the cause and circumstances which caused or escalated the

emergency

� Co-ordinates with emergency services at the site

� Provides tools and safety equipment to the team members

� Keeps in touch with the team and advise them regarding the method of

control to be used

� Keeps the Site Controller of Emergency informed of the progress being made

• Emergency Coordinator - Rescue, Fire Fighting

� On knowing about emergency, rushes to ECC

� Helps the incident Controller in containment of the emergency

� Ensure fire pumps in operating conditions and instructs pump house operator

to ready for any emergency with standby arrangement


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� Guides the fire fighting crew i.e. firemen, trained mine personnel and

security staff

� Organizes shifting the fire fighting facilities to the emergency site, if

required

� Takes guidance of the Incident Controller for firefighting as well as assesses

the requirements of outside help

� Arranges to control the traffic at the incident area

� Directs the security staff to the incident site to take part in the emergency

operations under his guidance and supervision

� Evacuates the people in the mine or in the nearby areas as advised by Site

Controller

� Searches for casualties and arranges proper aid for them

� Assembles search and evacuation team

� Arranges for safety equipment for the members of this team

� Decides which paths the evacuated workers should follow

� Maintains law and order in the area, and if necessary seeks the help of

police.

• Emergency Coordinator - Medical, Mutual Aid, Rehabilitation, Transport and

Communication

In the event of failure of electric supply and thereby internal telephone, sets up

communication point and establishes contact with the Emergency Control Centre

(ECC).

� Organizes medical treatment to the injured and if necessary will shift the

injured to nearby hospitals

� Mobilizes extra medical help from outside, if necessary

� Keeps a list of qualified first aiders of the factory and seek their assistance

� Maintains first aid and medical emergency requirements

� Makes sure that all safety equipment are made available to the emergency

team

� Assists Site Controller with necessary data and to coordinate the emergency

activities


95

� Assists Site Controller in updating emergency plan, organizing mock drills

verification of inventory of emergency facilities and furnishing report to Site

Controller

� Maintains liaison with Civil Administration

� Ensure availability of canteen facilities and maintenance of rehabilitation

centre

� Liaison with Site Controller/Incident Controller

� Ensure transportation facility

� Ensures availability of necessary cash for rescue/rehabilitation and

emergency expenditure

� Controls rehabilitation of affected areas on discontinuation of emergency

� Makes available diesel/petrol for transport vehicles engaged in emergency

operation.

• Emergency Coordinator - Essential Services

� He would assist Site Controller and Incident Controller

� Maintains essential services like Diesel Generator, Water, Fire Water,

power supply for lighting

� Gives necessary instructions regarding emergency electrical supply, isolation

of certain sections etc. to shift in-charge and electricians

� Ensures availability of adequate quantities of protective equipment and

other emergency materials, spares etc.

• General Responsibilities of Employees during an Emergency

During an emergency, it becomes more enhanced and pronounced when an

emergency warning is raised, the workers in-charge, should adopt safe and

emergency shut down and attend any prescribed duty as essential employee. If no

such responsibility is assigned, he should adopt a safe course to assembly point and

await instructions. He should not resort to spread panic.


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7.3.2.1 Emergency Facilities

• Emergency Control Centre (ECC)

For the time being, Mine Office Block is identified as Emergency Control Centre. It

would have external Telephone, Fax, and Telex facility. All the Site Controller/

Incident Controller Officers, Senior Personnel would be located here. Also, it would

be an elevated place.

The following information and equipment are to be provided at the Emergency

Control Centre (ECC):

� Intercom, telephone

� P & T telephone

� Safe contained breathing apparatus

� Fire suit / gas tight goggles / gloves / helmets

� Hand tools, wind direction/velocities indications

� Public address megaphone, hand bell, telephone directories

� Internal P & T, factory layout, site plan

� Emergency lamp/torch light/batteries

� Plan indicating locations of hazard inventories, sources of safety equipment,

work road plan, assembly points, rescue location vulnerable zones, escape

routes;

� Hazard chart

� Emergency shut-down procedures

� Nominal roll of employees

� List of key personnel, list of essential employees, list of Emergency

Co-ordinators

� Duties of key personnel

� Address with telephone numbers and key personnel, emergency coordinator,

essential employees

� Important address and telephone numbers including Government agencies,

neighboring industries and sources of help, outside experts, population

details around the Mine.


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• Assembly Point

Numbers of assembly points are already provided wherein employees who are not

directly connected with the disaster management would be assembled for safety

and rescue. Emergency breathing apparatus, minimum facilities like water etc.

would be organized.

In view of the size of mine pit area, different locations should be ear marked as

assembly points. Depending upon the location of hazard, the assembly points are

to be used.

• Fire Fighting Facilities

First aid firefighting equipment suitable for emergency is being maintained in each

operation areas of the mine as per statutory requirements.

• Location of Wind Sock

On the top of the administration block, wind-cock is installed to indicate direction

of wind for emergency escape.

• Emergency Medical Facilities

Stretchers, gas masks and general first aid materials for dealing with chemical

burns, fire burns etc. are being maintained in the medical centre as well as in the

emergency control room. Private medical practitioners help is being sought during

emergencies. Government hospital would be approached for emergency help.

Names of medical personnel, medical facilities in the area are prepared and

displayed. Necessary specific medicines for emergency treatment of burns patients

and for those affected by toxicity would be maintained.

Breathing apparatus and other emergency medical equipment are provided and

maintained. The help of nearby industrial management’s in this regard would take

on mutual support basis.


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7.3.2.2 Emergency Actions

• Emergency Warning

Communication of emergency is made familiar to the personnel inside the mine

and people outside. An emergency warning system is also established.

• Evacuation of Personnel

In the event of an emergency, unconnected personnel have to escape to assembly

point. Operators have to take emergency shutdown procedure and escape. Time

Office maintains a copy of deployment of employees in each shift. If necessary,

persons can be evacuated by rescue teams.

• All Clear Signal

Also, at the end of an emergency, after discussing with Incident Controllers and

Emergency Co-coordinators, the Site Controller orders an all clear signal. When it

becomes essential, the site controller communicates to the district emergency

authority, police and fire service personnel regarding help required or

development of the situation into an Off-Site Emergency.

• Employee Information

During an emergency, employees are warned by raising siren in specific pattern.

Employees are provided with information related to fire hazards, antidotes and

first aid measures. Those who would designate as key personnel and essential

employees should be given training to emergency response.

• Co-ordination with Local Authorities

Keeping in view of the nature of emergency, two levels of coordination are

practiced. In the case of an On Site Emergency, resources within the organization

would be mobilized and in the event extreme emergency local authorities help

should be sought.


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In the event of an emergency developing into an offsite emergency, local authority

and District emergency Authority (normally the Collector) would be appraised and

under his supervision, the Off Site Disaster Management Plan would be exercised.

For this purpose, the facilities that are available locally, i.e. medical, transport,

personnel, rescue accommodation, voluntary organizations etc. would be

mustered. Necessary rehearsals and training in the form of mock drills should be

organized.

• Mutual Aid

Mutual aid in the form of technical personnel, runners, helpers, special protective

equipment, transport vehicles, communication facility etc. should be sought from

the neighboring industrial management’s.

• Important Information

Important information such names and addresses of key personnel, essential

employees, medical personnel, transporters address, address of those connected

with Off Site Emergency such as Police, Local Authorities, Fire Services, District

Emergency Authority are prepared and maintained

7.3.2.3 Off-Site Emergency Preparedness Plan

The task of preparing the off-site emergency plan lies with the district collector.

However, the off-site plan will be prepared with the help of the local district

authorities. The proposed plan will be based on the following guidelines.

• Aspects Proposed to be considered in the Off-Site Emergency Plan

The main aspects which should be included in the emergency plan are:

• Organization

Details of command structure, warning systems, implementation procedures,

emergency control centers, names and appointments of incident controller, site

main controller their deputies and other key personnel.


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• Communications

Identification of personnel involved, communication centre, call signs, network,

lists of telephone numbers.

• Specialized Knowledge

Details of specialist bodies, firms and people upon whom it may be necessary to

call e.g. those with specialized knowledge of fire control.

• Voluntary Organizations

Details of organizers, telephone numbers, resources etc.

• Chemical Information

Details of the hazardous substances stored or procedure on each site and a

summary of the risk associated with them.

• Meteorological Information

Arrangements for obtaining details of whether conditions prevailing at the time

and whether forecasts.

• Humanitarian Arrangements

Transport, evacuation centres, emergency feeding treatment of injured, first aid,

ambulances, temporary mortuaries.

• Public Information

Arrangements for dealing with the media press office; b] informing relatives, etc.

• Assessment

Arrangements for: (a) collecting information on the causes of the emergency; (b)

reviewing the efficiency and effectiveness of all aspects of the emergency plan.


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• Role of the Emergency Coordinating Officer

The various emergency services should be co-ordinate by an emergency

coordinating officer (ECO), who will be designated by the district collector. The

ECO should liaise closely with the site main controller. The ECO should inform the

DGMS authorities in case of accidents as per the statutory requirement. Again

depending on local arrangements, for very severe incidents/accidents with major

or prolonged off-site consequences, the external control should be passed to a

senior local authority administrator or even an administrator appointed by the

central or state government.

• Role of the Local Authority

The duty to prepare the off-site plan lies with the local authorities. The

emergency planning officer (EPO) appointed should carry out his duty in preparing

for a whole range of different emergencies within the local authority area. The

EPO should liaise with the works, to obtain the information to provide the basis for

the plan. This liaison should ensure that the plan is continually kept upto date.

It will be the responsibility of the EPO to ensure that all those organizations which

will be involved off site in handling the emergency, know of their role and are able

to accept it by having for example, sufficient staff and appropriate equipment to

cover their particular responsibilities. Rehearsals for off-site plans should be

organized by the EPO.

• Role of Police

Formal duties of the police during an emergency include protecting life and

property and controlling traffic movements. Their functions should include

controlling bystanders evacuating the public, identifying the dead and dealing with

casualties, and informing relatives of death or injury.

• Role of Fire Authorities


102

The control of a fire should be normally the responsibility of the senior fire brigade

officer who would take over the handling of the fire from the site incident

controller on arrival at the site. The senior fire brigade officer should also have a

similar responsibility for other events, such as explosions. Fire authorities in the

region should be apprised about the location of all stores of flammable materials,

water supply points and fire-fighting equipment. They should be involved in on-site

emergency rehearsals both as participants and, on occasion, as observers of

exercises involving only site personnel.

• Role of Health Authorities

Health authorities, including doctors, surgeons, hospitals, ambulances, and so on,

should have a vital part to play following a major accident, and they should form

an integral part of the emergency plan.

For major fires, injuries should be the result of the effects of thermal radiation to

a varying degree, and the knowledge and experience to handle this in all but

extreme cases may be generally available in most hospitals.

Major off-site incidents are likely to require medical equipment and facilities

additional to those available locally, and a medical “mutual aid “scheme should

exist to enable the assistance of neighboring authorities to be obtained in the

event of an emergency.

• Role of Government Safety Authority

This will be the factory inspectorate available in the region. Inspectors are likely

to want to satisfy themselves that the organization responsible for producing the

off-site plan has made adequate arrangements for handling emergencies of all

types including major emergencies. They may wish to see well documented

procedures and evidence of exercise undertaken to test the plan.

In the event of an accident, local arrangements regarding the role of the factory

inspector will apply. These may vary from keeping a watching brief to a close

involvement in advising on operations in case involvement in advising on

operations.


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7.4 REHABILITATION AND RESETTLEMENT

There are no human settlements within the mine lease area. The mine lease area

falls in forest land and there is no private land within the mine lease area. Hence

rehabilitation and Resettlement plan is not required.


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8. PROJECT BENEFITS

8.1 IMPROVEMENT IN PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE

The impact on the civic amenities after the commencement of mining activities is

likely to be substantial. The basic requirements of the community needs will be

strengthened by extending health care, educational facilities developed in the

township for the community, providing drinking water to the villages,

building/strengthening of existing roads in the area. The proponent will initiate

the above amenities either by providing or by improving the facilities in the area,

which will help in uplifting the living standards of local communities. Medical

facilities will be provided in the form of first-aid facility at the mine. These

medical facilities will also be available to local people in the surrounding in case of

emergencies.

8.2 IMPROVEMENT IN SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE

� Generation of employment and improved standard of living;

� Increased revenue to the State by way of royalty, taxes and duties; and

� Superior communication and transport facilities etc. In addition to above,

due to increase in purchasing power of local habitants: There will be

significant change in the socio-economic scenario of the area.

� The proposed project will enhance the prospects of employment.

Recruitment for the unskilled and semiskilled workers for the proposed

project will be from the nearby villages.

� The development of the basic amenities viz. roads, transportation,

electricity, drinking water, proper sanitation, educational institutions,

medical facilities, entertainment, etc. will be developed as far as possible.

� Overall the proposed project will change living standards of the people and

improve the socio-economic conditions of the area.

8.3 EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL

Future production planning does not indicate some change from present, in the

employment. The lessee has employed 20 semi-skilled and unskilled persons, 1

Mines Manager, 2 supervisor & 4 tipper operators. The employment of local people


105

in primary and secondary sectors of project will upgrade the prosperity of the

region. These will in-turn improves the socio-economic conditions of the area. The

total manpower required for the individual mine under various categories is 29

persons and persons will be mainly sourced from local community in and around

mining project and few technical persons will be employed during operational

phase from local and also from outside area. In addition to the above, contractual

labour and indirect employment opportunities will also be getting benefited after

installation of mining project.

8.4 CSR Details

� Distribution of note books to the school children studying in primary school

of village

� Distribution of school uniforms to the children

� R.O water supply for Villages as per requirement

� Repairing the village roads by filling of pot-holes every year post-monsoon


106

9. ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS

Not applicable as this chapter is needed if recommended at the scoping stage.


107

10. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

10.1 INTRODUCTION

An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is a site specific plan designed to ensure

that the project is implemented in an environmental sustainable manner where

the mine management including all contractors and subcontractors, including

consultants, understand the potential environmental risks arising from the

proposed project and take appropriate actions to properly mitigate the risk. EMP

also ensures that the project implementation is carried out in accordance with the

design by adopting appropriate mitigation measures to minimize adverse

environmental impacts during its life cycle. The plan outlines potential problems

that may adversely impact the environment and recommends corrective measures

where required. Also, the plan outlines the roles and responsibility of key

personnel and contractors regarding environmental management for the project.

10.2 PURPOSE OF THE EMP

The environment management plan is prepared with a view to facilitate effective

environmental management of the project, in general and implementation of the

mitigation measures in particular. The EMP provides a delivery mechanism to

address potential adverse impacts and to introduce standards of good practice to

be adopted for all project works. For each stage of the programme, the EMP lists

all the requirements to ensure effective mitigation of every potential biophysical

and socioeconomic impact identified in the EIA. For each impact or operation,

which could otherwise give rise to impact, the following information is presented:

• A comprehensive listing of the mitigation measures (actions) that proponent

will implement

• The parameters that will be monitored to ensure effective implementation

of the action

The timings for implementation of the action are also included to ensure the

objectives of mitigation get fully met.


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TABLE - 10.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

a. Air Environment

Objective To reduce air emission due to the proposed project

Concern Increase in air pollution to the proposed project

Benefit of EMP Reduce deterioration of air quality and around the site

Impacting

Activities

Mitigation Measures

and Rationale

Implementation and Management Remarks

Location Timing Responsibility Monitoring Records

Preparation of the

site & movement of

vehicles at site

Periodic Maintenance and

servicing of mechanized

equipment and vehicles used

for site clearing,

Use of sharp equipment

At site

Random

check of

Equipment

Contractor Random

Checking

Air

Monitoring

data log

sheet

-

Mining of Laterite

Topsoil will be removed and

backfilled in the void

generated. Laterite

and waste generated will be

stacked properly At site

During

backfilling

and

stacking

Mine

Operator/

Geologist

Quantity of

top soil

Laterite and

mineral

reject and

area of

backfilling

Mine register

-

Regular water spraying

will be done

For the duration of operation

phase

Mine Operator

Random checks by

Site Operator

Quantity of

water

requirement


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b. Noise Environment

Objective To reduce noise level due to the proposed project

Concern Increase in noise level due to the proposed project

Benefit of EMP Noise environment of the area will not be impacted by the proposed activity

Impacting

Activities

Mitigation Measures

and Rationale



Preparation of the

site & movement of

vehicles at site



equipment and vehicles

used for site clearing,


At site

Once in a day during

the construction

phase

Contractor Regular

noise level monitoring

Noise level monitoring

records -

Excavation work

Maintenance and servicing of mechanized equipment

and vehicles At site

For the duration of construction

phase

Contractor

Random checks by

Site Engineer

Vehicle servicing records Noise

monitoring

- Project activities to be

undertaken during regular working hours

Attendance Sheets

Erection of temporary barriers

At site

boundary

Visual checks by

Site Engineer

Photographs


110

c. Water Environment

Objective To ensure that the water environment during mining is properly managed

Concern Storage, handling and disposal of produced waste water can deteriorate water quality

Benefit of EMP Reduce deterioration of water quality in and around the site

Impacting

Activities

Mitigation Measures

and Rationale



Storage of water in mined out

area

Stored water will be used for greenbelt and spraying

of water At site

Daily during operation

phase

Mine Operator

Quantity of water used

Daily water consumption

record -

Generation of domestic waste

water

Sewage generated will be disposed off in soak pit

Quantity of sewage

generation -

d. Soil Environment

Objective To ensure that the Soil environment during mining is properly managed

Concern Mining of Laterite and backfilling of stacked material may deteriorate soil quality

Benefit of EMP Reduce deterioration of soil quality in and around the site

Impacting

Activities

Mitigation Measures

and Rationale



Mining of Laterite

Mined out laterite will be stored properly

At site Daily during operation

phase

Mine Operator/ Geologist

Quantity of

Laterite

Register of Production

data

-

Backfilling

Backfilling will be done side by side as entire backfilling is not possible some area

will be used as water reservoir

Quantity of backfilling material

Register of backfilling

data, mineral

waste data


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10.3 LAND RECLAMATION

Reclamation of mined out area is the most important activity of EM P. As a result

of mining operation the original ground profile will be altered. The lease area is

covered with laterite as overburden and topography of the area is in mound shape

and top of the mound is in the form of plateau. Reclamation activity will

commence only after complete extraction of laterite deposit. The pits that will be

developed will be converted into water harvesting structure. Hence, no

reclamation proposals are made.

Reclamation operation will commence after taking full thickness of laterite in the

area and obtaining permission from IBM.

At the conceptual stage, the mine lease area will be covered with thick plantation

and rainwater harvesting structure. Thus, the conceptual stage land use of the

mine lease area will be congenial to the surrounding environment.

10.4 ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

The project proponent has carried out a detailed Flora-Fauna study of the Core

and Buffer zone of the Mine lease area. The flora and fauna conservation plan is

prepared in consultation with the Forest department and the same shall be

implemented to minimize any adverse impact due to mining operations.

It is proposed to carry out plantations all along the boundary upto a width of 7.5 m

to develop a green belt so that dust arising out of the mining activities can be

arrested by this green belt. The lease area is mostly covered with laterite and

there is no thick tree growth in the mineralized area. It is proposed to have

plantation surrounding the lease boundary in phased pattern surrounding the lease

boundary in phased pattern to minimize land/ dump erosion. It is proposed to have

plantation at the rate of 285 saplings per year.

Plantation will be carried out by using local species. While selecting species for

plantation the following factors will be considered:

• Fertility of soil

• Wind velocity

• Climatic conditions


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• Water availability

• Survival rate

Phase-wise plantation programme to be carried out in the mine lease area is given

in Table 10.2.

Table 10.2 - Phase-wise plantation Programme (Area in ha)

S. No

Name of the mine

Year (No. of. Sampling) Area (ha) 2016 - 17 2017 - 18 2018 - 19 2019 - 20 2020 - 21

1 Joguraju Swapna 40 40 40 40 40 0.13

2 A.Laxminarayana 40 40 40 40 40 0.26

3 M.Laxman Rao 20 20 20 20 20 0.03

4 N. Vikas 40 40 40 40 40 0.028

5 P. Mahendra 45 45 45 45 45 0.142

6 V. Praveen 40 40 40 40 40 0.15

7 Vijender Goud 40 40 40 40 40 0.026

Total 265 265 265 265 265 0.766

Type of species proposed for vegetation

As large portions of the MLA will be rehabilitated with vegetation, the mine closure

plan will positively benefit the Flora of the lease area and effectively merge it

with the back ground environment. Species for plantation will be selected as per

the advice of local Forest Department, strict watch and ward will be provided, to

stop indiscriminate felling of trees, and these will be continued till the life of the

mine. Topsoil encountered, if any, incidental to mining will be utilized for

plantation.

The buffer-zone flora is undisturbed due to proposed production. Bringing

awareness by conducting Environment week annually will help in reducing indirect

impact on the Flora in the buffer-zone. As the mining activities are confined to

lease area and fencing will be provided, there will not be any adverse effect due

to increase in annual production, on the buffer-zone Fauna.


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Table 10.3 Recommended Green developments

S.No Scientific Name Common Name Telugu Name

Trees

1 Acacia sinuata Soap pod tree Sikaayai

2 Anona squamosa Custard Apple Seetaaphalam

3 Artocarpus heterophyllus Jack Fruit Panas

4 Cocos nucifera Coconut tree Narikelamu

5 Derris indica Pongam, Oil tree Punguchettu

Shrubs

1 Abutilon indicum Country Mallow Botlabenda

2 Acacia catechu The Cutch Tree Khadiramu

3 Bambusa arundinacia Thorny Bamboo Mullabongu

4 Citrus limon Lime of India Bijapuram

5 Lawsonia inermis Henna Gorinta

10.5 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS

Following impacts are anticipated on the socio economic and cultural environment:

• Direct job creation for people during construction period

• Indirect economic development due to market multiplier effect

• Creation of infrastructure facilities

• Immigration of outside labour force

• Development of public hamlets

• Inducement of traffic congestion and road safety hazards Following

mitigating measures are proposed:

• Locals will be deployed during construction to the extent depending on their

skills

• Effective public relations strategy will be maintained and the locals will be

allowed to use the developed infrastructure facility.

• There will be regular interaction with the locals to solve their problems


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10.6 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & HYGIENE

The Health and Safety of the employees shall be given first priority during the

mining Operation.

• Providing a working environment that is conducive to health & safety.

• Extensive publicity and propaganda related to safety.

• Periodical health check ups

• Provision of rest shelters for mine workers with amenities like drinking

water, etc.

• First aid facility shall be provided at mine site.

• Training programme for First aid.

• In order to assess the health and hygiene, the following tests will be

conducted once in 6 months by the project authority. For example, Blood,

Urine, Chest X-Ray, PET, Lung Function Test, ECG, Audiometric, ENT.

• Monitoring the effects of mining activities on safety and health and

conducting regular performance reviews

• Provision of necessary personal protective equipments

• Establishing and maintaining a system of medical surveillance for employees

• Ensuring employees at all levels to receive appropriate training and are

competent to carry out their duties and responsibilities.

10.7 BUDGET PROVISION FOR EMP

After an in-depth examination of the environment management plan, the

management has made a time specific budgetary cost allocation towards carrying

out environmental related works on a continuous basis and the same is given in

Chapter 6. Necessary funds will be allocated towards Corporate Social

Responsibility.


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11. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

11.1 INTRODUCTION

Ekmamidi laterite site is a cluster of seven laterite mining project. The individual

mine lease area is 6.07 ha located at S.No. 646 of Ekmamidi Village, Nawabpet

Mandal, Vikarabad (Formerly Ranga Reddy) District, Telangana. The area lies in the

latitude of 17°24'48.49"N and longitude of 77°55'04.74"E. The area is marked in the

survey of India Topo sheet No. 56 G/15.

11.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

The proposed project is open cast semi-mechanized laterite mining project with

total extent of 42.49 ha and total production capacity of 5,94,567.6 TPA of

Laterite for a period of five years.

11.2.1 Reserves

The details on reserves of Ekmamidi Laterite mine is given in the Table 2.3.

Table 11.1 Minable Reserves

S. No

Name of the mine

Total Geological reserves

(MT)

Reserves Blocked

under 7.5 Buffer

Zone (MT)

Reserves Blocked under Safety

Slopes (MT)

Total Reserves Blocked

(MT)

Reserves available

for Exploitation

(MT)

Average Production Capacity

(in 115ones)

Life of

the Mine (Yrs)

1 Joguraju Swapna 3279900 115170 226770 341940 2937960 98580 30

2 A.Laxminarayana 3030300 144360 200370 344730 2685570 96253 28

3 M.Laxman Rao 3266200 320400 593400 913800 2352400 53730 44

4 N. Vikas 2621400 128200 161700 289900 2331500 54366 43

5 P. Mahendra 3426000 237000 375800 612800 2813200 61616.4 46

6 V. Praveen 2793580 124800 207140 331940 2461640 98595.6 25

7 Vijender Goud 2512170 127170 187560 314730 2197440 131426.4 17

Total 20929550 1197100 1952740 3149840 17779710 594567.6


11.2.2 Details of Mining

The method of mining shall be opencast, semi mechanized on single shift basis.

Excavations shall be carried out by simple excavators. Bench height and width will

be maintained at 3m and 3m each respectively, with overall slope at 60°.

Excavation and loading shall be carried out with simple excavators of capacity 0.9


116

to 1.1 cu.m bucket capacity. This shall be utilized for developmental work,

excavation and loading into the trucks. Tippers of 10T capacity shall be utilized for

all transportation purposes.


the M.L area. Initially a ramp shall be made to open a box cut trench to get a

bench face of an average 3 m depth. Then the advancement of the bench shall be

made in all direction to achieve the targeted production. Year-wise production

shall be made as follows and in the block ear marked for the same.


loading and transporting equipments. The opencast mining operations consist of

four major operations viz. excavating, loading and transport. Excavation and

loading is carried out using 0.9 to 1.10 cu.m size Excavator (Hitachi) 200 and any

other suitable equipment. Consumers shall arrange their 18 - 25 tonner trucks,

which shall be directly loaded to Tippers of 10 T capacity are being used for

transportation of the laterite to the stock yard.



to minimize the wear and tear of the dumper tyres etc. constitute the


11.2.3 Production of Laterite

The development and production for the next five years has been planned taking

into consideration the development of the Mine is confined below 6 and 9 mts

depth, Presently during 5 years of the workings are proposed by leaving the buffer

enclosed five years working plan and the yearly production of Ekmamidi Laterite

mine is given in table below.

Table 11.2 - Year wise production capacity

S.

No

Name of the

mine

Year wise Production (in tones) Bench

Height

(m)

Specific

Gravity

Total

Reserves

in tones

Average

in tones 1 2 3 4 5

1 Joguraju Swapna 93540 97674 97086 102954 101646 3 2 492900 98580

2 A.Laxminarayana 92754 95202 93864 97740 101706 3 2 481266 96253


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3 M.Laxman Rao 41640 69600 58200 54510 44700 3 2 268650 53730

4 N. Vikas 42630 48120 53790 68730 58560 3 2 271830 54366

5 P. Mahendra 49632 57630 59460 72720 68640 3 2 308082 61616.4

6 V. Praveen 92790 102690 87762 110922 98814 3 2 492978 98595.6

7 Vijender Goud 60540 206400 106200 145962 138030 3 2 657132 131426.4

Total 473526 677316 556362 653538 612096

2972838 594567.6


11.2.4 Water and waste water management

The water requirement for this proposed mining activity will be 8.0 KLD each. The

break up details of water requirement is given in the Table below.

Table 11.3 - Water Requirement

Sl. No Purpose Quantity (KLD)

Individual Mine Cluster

1 Dust suppression purpose 4.0 28.0

2 Domestic purpose 1.3 9.1

3 Greenbelt purpose 0.7 4.9

Total 6.0 42.0

Source: ABC Techno Labs India Pvt Ltd There is no generation & discharge of wastewater from this mine. The domestic

effluent generated from the cluster will be 7.28 KLD (Individual mine - 1.04 KLD)

and this will be sent to septic tank followed by soak pit at individual mine site.

11.2.5 Solid waste management

The proposed mining activity revels that the total Laterite excavated from the

surface of the lease area is feasible in present market. So, no waste generation

was found from this mine. There are no chances for generation of waste in this

plan period.

11.2.6 Mine Drainage

• Ground Water

The water table in the area is 20 m below the general ground level during the

monsoon. Ground water in the area is generally saline and salinity increases with

passage of time after monsoon. The water table of the area will not be tapped by

working so there is no problem of lowering of water table of the region.


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• Storm Water

The rain water will get collected in the mined out pits and as a common practice is

used by the mine owners for dust suppression and greenbelt development.

11.3 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

11.3.1 Study Area

The study area is considered to be the mining lease area, and an additional area of

10 km radius from the lease boundary.

11.3.2 Climate

The climate in the region shows broadly four seasonal variations, namely:

Winter : December - February

Summer : March – May

Monsoon : June - September

Post-monsoon : October – November

The Study period was from November to January, the predominant wind direction

during study period was from East to West, average wind speed during study period

1.54 m/s with average temperature 25.0°C with average humidity of 51.3 %.

11.3.3 Ambient Air Quality

Ambient air quality monitoring was carried out from November 2016 - January

2017. The ambient air quality monitoring stations were set up at 8 different

locations.

• The average concentration of PM10 recorded at 8 locations ranged from 72.4

μg/m3 (Vikarabad) to 55.4 μg/m3 (Narayanpur). All these values are within

the specified limit of PM10 given by CPCB (100 μg/m3).

• The average concentration of PM2.5 recorded at 8 locations ranged from 49

μg/m3 (Vikarabad) to 37.6 μg/m3 (Narayanpur). All these values are within


• The average concentration of SO2 recorded at 8 locations ranged from 15.7

μg/m3 (Kesvapalli Thanda) to 11.3 μg/m3 (Ekmamidi). All these values are

within the specified limit of PM10 given by CPCB (80 μg/m3).


119

• The average concentration of NOx recorded at 8 locations ranged from 29.8

μg/m3 (Nawabpet) to 21.6 μg/m3 (Narayanpur). All these values are within


11.3.4 Land use

The proportional presence of different land uses and land cover in terms of

statistical percentages was derived for the study area. Appropriate legends were

used to represent the various categories of land use and land cover, and were then

written on the prepared land use and land cover maps

11.3.5 Noise Quality

Noise level during day time and nighttime, in Industrial area was observed within

the CPCB standards i.e. industrial area (75 dB A (d) & 70 dB A (n)).

Noise level during daytime and night time, in Commercial area and Residential

area was observed within the CPCB standards i.e. commercial area (65 dB A (d) &

55 dB A (n)) residential area (55 dB A (d) & 45 dB A (n)).

11.3.5 Soil Quality

For monitoring soil quality eight soil samples (At site, Kesavapalli Thanda,

Nawabpet, Chinchalpet, Vikarabad, Narayanpur, Ekmamidi and Yerravalli villages)

were collected including the project site.

It has been observed that the pH of the Soil ranging from 6.32 to 7.44 indicating

that the soils is slightly alkaline in nature. The soil is pre-dominantly of Sandy clay

loam type. The concentration of nitrogen is in the range of 1.16 to 1.62 mg/kg and

the Potassium ranges between 43.34 to 11.30 mg/kg, which indicate that the soil is

rich in nutrients and showing high fertility.

11.3.6 Water Quality

The water quality of the area has been studied taking eight locations in the core

and buffer zone. The ground water analysis results were compared with the

standards for drinking water as per IS: 10500: 2012. The results indicate that the


120

pH ranges between 7.08 and 7.82 and TDS ranges from 449 to 1195 mg/l. The total

hardness ranges from 230 – 420 mg/l.

11.3.7 Biological Environment

Though the concentrations of the emitted pollutants will be kept within

permissible levels through the various engineering control, it is essential to have

eco-management in the likely impact zone for safeguard and enhanced of

ecological environment of the project area. The green belt species are selected

based on the following:

• Type of pollutant (mainly air and noise) likely to disperse from project

activity.

• Plant species suitability / adaptability to the local environment as per CPCB

guidelines

• Biological–filter Efficiency: mainly Dust capturing and Noise control.

11.3.8 Social Profile

For assessing the prevailing socio-economic aspects of people in the study area

around the proposed plant, the required data has been collected from various

secondary sources and analyzed. This includes 5 habitations in Nawabpet Mandal

under Vikarabad (Formerly Ranga Reddy) district of the Telangana state. Total

2477 households are covering 10870 populations in the Study area

11.4 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

11.4.1 Ambient Air

• Detailed average readings indicate at all air ambient station PM10, SO2 and

NOX are within the prescribed limit of CPCB for respective categories.

• Low concentrations of SO2 and NOX are observed at all the locations.

• The average reading at mine site is observed to be 65 μg/m3. In order to

reduce the air pollution, it is proposed to develop greenbelt as suggested.

• For pit source emission, the maximum 24 hours GLC within mine is

estimated to be 14.52 μg/m3. The GLC is expected at a distance of 100 m

within the site


121

Following measures are made to measure towards control of Air pollution

• Regular spraying of water by water sprinkling system on haul roads and

retaining wall within the premises.

• Timely maintenance of vehicles to minimize air pollution due to movement

of vehicles.

• Dust masks for employees

• Covering the Laterite carrying vehicles with tarpaulin covers

• Plantation of trees along the roads and in the premises to reduce the impact

of dust in the villagers, shrubs with small plantation will be taken up to

arrest soil erosion to the surrounding area.

11.4.2 Land

The mine is located in an area of 42.49 ha. No forestland is involved. The mining

lease area is not a part of any type of forest. Mine lease area is barren and far

away from agricultural lands, hence all the impact on land use is positive because

of high afforestation activities will be carried out by mine proponent.

Due to opencast mining activities, the landscape may not change. There may not

be much effect on the aesthetic environment of the lease area due to mining. The

aesthetic beauty can be maintained by proper reclamation programme. Since this

is an opencast mining proposal the land use on surface will not affect in any way.

11.4.3 Noise

For site preparation, during construction phase operation of equipment like crane,

dumper, roller, bulldozers etc. will be used. The equipment will be used during

daytime and will emit noise within permissible limits. Thus, there will not be any

adverse impact on nearby habitation due to proposed activity as the mine lease

connected with Katcha Road from Ekmamidi village with a distance of 1.50 km.

11.4.4 Soil

There is no adverse effect of mining on the soil quality. However, farmers need to

be advised not to use saline water for irrigation purpose. Regular monitoring of

naturally harvested water is required


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11.4.5 Water

There is no perennial surface water course or surface water body within the

leasehold area due to scanty and unpredictable rainfall. Further, at the time of

mining, the quantity of waste water generated will be very less i.e. 7.28 KLD. This

wastewater will be disposed off through septic tank and soak pit thereby reducing

the impact on surface water bodies.

The rainwater will accumulate in the mined out pits as well as in the pits created

during lease period will be harvested which will be used for dust suppression.

Proper lining of the mined out pits will ensure quality of rain water for reuse as a

part of conservation and reuse of water.

11.4.6 Ecology and biodiversity

Proposed project activity is part of existing lease area which is reported with

common floral and faunal species. Removal of these (flora) species will not have

significant or permanent impact on the habitat structure of associated faunal

diversity. Considering all ecological components, all impacts are expected “Less

Severe”. However, strict implementation of EMP / mitigation measures are

required to ensure that the biodiversity of the study area should not affected

negatively.

11.5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES (TECHNOLOGY AND SITE)

The mining projects are site specific as such alternate sites were not considered.

11.6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM

Table 11.4 Monitoring Schedule for Environment Parameters

S.

No Particulars

Duration of

Sampling Important Monitoring Parameters

1. Air Pollution and Meteorology

Air Quality

A Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

8 locations 24 hours PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, Hg, Pb, Cr

& Ar

Meteorology


123

A Meteorological

data

Continuous

Monitoring

Wind speed, direction,

temperature, relative humidity

and rainfall

2. Water and Wastewater Quality

A Industrial/Domestic

1) Mine effluents

(if any) during

Monsoon

Once in a month

12 samples per

year

As per EPA Rules, 1989.

B Water quality in the study area

1) Ground Water

quality

Once in a year

As per the parameters specified

under IS:10500

2)

Surface Water Once in a year As per the parameters specified

under IS:10500 along with TSS,

BOD & COD

3) Water table in

bore wells

Once in a year

1 samples per

year

Water table and chemistry of

water

3. Industrial Noise Levels

1) Major noise

generating

sources

24 hr Noise level in dB(A)

2) Project drilling

site

Instantaneous Noise level in dB(A)

Ambient Noise Levels

Eight Locations

around mine

lease area

Once in a year

1 samples per

year

Noise levels in dB(A)

4. Soil Characteristics

1)

Eight samples in

nearby villages

One in a year on

all reclaimed

area

Colour, textural class, grain size,

distribution, pH, Electrical

Conductivity, Bulk Density,

Porosity, Infiltration rate,

Moisture retention capacity,

Wilting Co-efficient, Organic

matter Na, N, K, PO4, SO4, SAR,

Base Exchange Capacity, Pb, Cu,

Zn, Cd, Fe.


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11.7 ADDITIONAL STUDIES

11.7.1 Mine Closure Plan

During this next five years the mine workings will occupy an area of 42465 sq.m to

a depth of 3 and 6 mts. In these five years there is no proposal for reclamation of

the pit. The Laterite is also available huge depth of the same pit of this five years

will be used for next five-year workings. After completion of the Laterite, the pit

will be proposed for reclamation at the end of the mine.

11.7.2 Public Consultation

The public hearing will be conducted by TSPCB as per the EIA Notification and the

public hearing points raised and commitment of the project proponent is to be

incorporated in the Final EIA Report.

11.7.3 Risk Assessment and disaster management

The aim of risk assessment and disaster management is to identify potential

dangers associated with the mining operation and delineation of corresponding

prevention and control measures.

The disaster management plan is aimed to ensure safety of life, protection of

environment, protection of installation, restoration of production and salvage

operations in this same order of priorities. For effective implementation of the

disaster management plan, it should be widely circulated and personnel training

through rehearsals/drills. The objective of the disaster management plan is to

make use of the combined resources of the mining operation and the outside

services to achieve the following:

� Effect the rescue and medical treatment of casualties

� Safeguard other people

� Minimize damage to property and the environment

� Initially contain and ultimately bring the incident under control

� Identify any dead

� Provide for the needs of relatives


125

� Provide authoritative information to the news media

� Secure the safe rehabilitation of affected area

� Preserve relevant records and equipment for the subsequent inquiry into the

cause and circumstances of the emergency

� In effect, it is to optimize operational efficiency to rescue rehabilitation and

render medical help and to restore normalcy.

11.7.4 Rehabilitation And Resettlement

There are no human settlements within the mine lease area. The mine lease area

falls in forest land and there is no private land within the mine lease area. Hence

rehabilitation and Resettlement plan is not required.

11.8 PROJECT BENEFITS

There are various attractive commercial and social reasons which are responsible

for the development of Laterite mining.

• Mining activities in any area provide source of direct employment to the

local inhabitants and helps in decreasing the migration of local people from

their native places. In addition to this several avenues for indirect

employment in region are generated namely transportation and such other

ancillary activities connected with the mining activity.

• Apart from all these, significant revenue is provided by the mining company

to the state and the central government in the form of royalty, district

mineral fund, port charges, export duty, etc. The export carried out by the

company also results into the generation of valuable foreign exchange

earnings for the country.

Therefore, the mining will result into the production of useful Laterite and will

generate wealth for the country and at the same time provide employment

opportunity to local people to help them in increasing their living standards.

11.9 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

The EMP provides a delivery mechanism to address potential adverse impacts, to

instruct contractors and to introduce standards of good practice to be adopted for


126

all project works. For each stage of the programme, the EMP lists all the

requirements to ensure effective mitigation of significant biophysical and socio-

economic impacts identified in the EIA. The EMP covers the following:


127

TABLE - 11.5 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

a. Air Environment

Objective To reduce air emission due to the proposed project

Concern Increase in air pollution to the proposed project

Benefit of EMP Reduce deterioration of air quality and around the site

Impacting

Activities

Mitigation Measures

and Rationale



Preparation of the

site & movement

of vehicles at site






At site

Random

check of

Equipment

Contractor Random

Checking

Air

Monitoring

data log

sheet

-

Mining of Laterite

Topsoil will be removed and

backfilled in the void

generated. Laterite

and waste generated will

be stacked properly At site

During

backfilling

and

stacking

Mine

Operator/

Geologist

Quantity of

top soil

Laterite

and

mineral

reject and

area of

backfilling

Mine

register

-

Regular water spraying

will be done

For the

duration

of

operation

phase

Mine Operator

Random

checks by

Site

Operator

Quantity of

water

requirement


128

b. Noise Environment

Objective To reduce noise level due to the proposed project

Concern Increase in noise level due to the proposed project

Benefit of EMP Noise environment of the area will not be impacted by the proposed activity

Impacting

Activities

Mitigation Measures

and Rationale



Preparation of the

site & movement

of vehicles at site






At site

Once in a

day during

the

constructi

on phase

Contractor

Regular

noise level

monitoring

Noise level

monitoring

records

-

Excavation work

Maintenance and servicing

of mechanized equipment

and vehicles At site For the

duration

of

constructi

on phase

Contractor

Random

checks by

Site

Engineer

Vehicle

servicing

records

Noise

monitoring

- Project activities to be

undertaken during regular

working hours

Attendance

Sheets

Erection of temporary

barriers

At site

boundary

Visual

checks by

Site

Engineer

Photographs


129

c. Water Environment

Objective To ensure that the water environment during mining is properly managed

Concern Storage, handling and disposal of produced waste water can deteriorate water quality

Benefit of EMP Reduce deterioration of water quality in and around the site

Impacting

Activities

Mitigation Measures

and Rationale



Storage of water

in mined out

area

Stored water will be used

for greenbelt and spraying

of water At site

Daily

during

operation

phase

Mine Operator

Quantity of

water

used

Daily water

consumption

record -

Generation of

domestic waste

water

Sewage generated will be

disposed off in soak pit

Quantity of

sewage

generation

-

d. Soil Environment

Objective To ensure that the Soil environment during mining is properly managed

Concern Mining of Laterite and backfilling of stacked material may deteriorate soil quality

Benefit of EMP Reduce deterioration of soil quality in and around the site

Impacting

Activities

Mitigation Measures

and Rationale



Mining of

Laterite

Mined out laterite will

be stored properly

At site

Daily

during

operation

phase

Mine Operator/

Geologist

Quantity of

Laterite

Register of

Production

data

-

Backfilling

Backfilling will be done

side by side as entire

backfilling is not possible

some area will be used as

water reservoir

Quantity of

backfilling

material

Register of

backfilling

data,

mineral

waste data


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11.9.1 Justification for the project

The following points show the justification for the implementation of the project:

� No forest land is involved.

� No court case/ litigation is pending against this project.

� No National Park, Biosphere Reserve, Wild Life Sanctuary, exist within the

study area.

� CPCB guidelines for fugitive emissions will be followed.

� No solid waste will be generated from the mining Site

� Proper care will be taken by incorporating sound-proof enclosures for

equipments and providing earmuffs and earplugs for operators.

11.10 CONCLUSION

The mining activities in proposed laterite mine will lead to the sustainable

development of the nearby areas. There will be development of road, educational,

medical and infrastructural facilities in the area. The mining and allied activities

will provide direct and secondary employment opportunities for local people. This

will lead to the improvement of economic status of the nearby villages. The mining

will also benefit the state Govt. by way of excise duty and revenue on mineral.

During the active mining period, the pollution will be controlled within permissible

limits by way of adopting various control and mitigation measures. In the post

mining stage, the mine lease area will be developed into an afforested area and

surface water bodies. This will improve the aesthetics of the area.

A sum of Rs. 49.91 Lakhs as capital cost and Rs 19.88 Lakhs/annum as recurring

budget for environmental protection have been proposed to achieve the

environmental quality as desired for the Ekmamidi Village cluster. Hence, it can be

summarized that the development of the mine will have a positive impact on the

socio-economic environment of the area and will lead to sustainable development

of the region.


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12. DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS

This chapter presents the details the environmental consultants engaged, their

background and the brief description of the key personnel involved in the project.

12.1 INTRODUCTION

ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited is an ISO 9001, ISO 14001 & OHSAS 18001

Certified Company & leading Environmental Engineering & Consultancy Company.

ABC is the first firm to be accredited by NABET (National Accreditation Board for

Education and Training), Quality Council of India, as an EIA Consultant. ABC is

equipped with in-house, spacious laboratory, accredited by NABL (National

Accreditation Board for Testing & Calibration Laboratories), Department of Science

& Technology, Government of India and MoEF&CC under Environmental Protection

Act, 1986.

Since establishment our focus is on sustainable development of Industry and

Environment based on sound engineering practices, innovation, quality, R&D and

most important is satisfying customers need. The company has successfully

completed more than 100’s projects of variety of industries, in the field of

pollution control. We are also dealing in the projects of waste minimization and

cleaner production technology. Our team of technocrats and scientists are well

experienced to deal with the Designing, Manufacturing, Fabrication, Installation

and Commissioning of Effluent/Wastewater Treatment Plants, Sewage Treatment

Plants, Combined Treatment Plants.

We are having a well experienced team of Scientists & Engineers who are looking

after our well equipped analytical laboratory with a facility including analysis of

physical, chemical and biological parameters as per the requirements of the State

Pollution Control Board and our clients.

Company Address:

ABC TECHNO LABS INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED

No. 2, 2nd Street, Thangam Colony,

Anna Nagar West, Chennai 600 040


132

Tamil Nadu, India

Ph: + 91 9849391244, +91 44 2316 1123/24/25 Fax: +91 44 2626 3456

12.2 QUALITY POLICY

• Providing high quality consultancy services

• Time bound completion of projects and submission of reports.

• Employing competent engineers and scientists

• Implementing the best available technology

• Maintaining a good quality products and public relation practice

• Continually improving the effectiveness of Quality Management System

12.3 SERICES OFFERED

A. Environmental Services

• Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

• Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

• Social Impact Assessment (SIA)

• Environmental Baseline data collection for Air, Meteorology, Noise, Water,

Soil, Ecology, Socio-Economic and Demography etc;

• Environmental Monitoring

• Socio Economic Studies

• Resettlement & Rehabilitation Plan

• Ecological & Human Health Risk Assessment Studies

• Ecological Impact Assessment

• Environmental Management Framework

• Solid Waste Management

• Hazardous Waste Management

• Internship & Training

B. Turnkey Projects

• Water Treatment Plants

• Sewage Treatment Plant

• Recycling & Water Conservation Systems


133

• Zero Discharge System

• Operation & Maintenance of Water & Waste Water Plants

• Water & Waste Water Treatment Chemicals

• Pilot Plant studies

• Feasibility studies & preparation of budgetary estimates

C. Multilab Division

• Chemical Testing

• Environmental Testing

• Microbiological Testing

• Food Testing

• Metallurgical testing

• Mechanical Test

• Chemical Testing

• Corrosion Testing

12.4 SECTORS WE SERVE

• Mining of Minerals including Opencast/Underground mining

• Thermal Power Plants

• Irrigation projects

• Metallurgical Industries (Ferrous)

• Cement Plants

• Petroleum Refining Industries

• Leather/Skin/hide processing Industries

• Chemical fertilizers

• Synthetic Organic Chemical Industries (dyes & dye intermediates; bulk drugs

& intermediates excluding drug formulation; Synthetic rubbers; basic

organic chemicals other synthetic organic chemicals and chemical

intermediates)

• Distilleries

• Pulp and paper industry excluding manufacturing of paper from waste paper

and manufacture of paper from ready pulp without bleaching.


134

• Isolated storage and handling of hazardous chemicals (As per threshold

planning quantity indicated in column 3of schedule 2 & 3 of MSIHU Rules

1989 amended 2000)

• Airports

• Industrial Estates, Parks, Complexes, Export Processing Zones (EPZs),

Special Economic Zones (SEZs), Biotech Parks, Leather Complexes

• Ports, harbours, Jetties, Marine terminals, break waters and dredging.

• Highways, railways, transport terminals, mass rapid transport systems

• Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs)

• Common Municipal Solid Waste Management facility (CMSWMF)

• Building & Large Construction Projects including Shopping malls,

Multiplexes, Commercial Complexes, Housing Estates, Hospitals and

Institutions.

• Townships & Area Development Projects

12.5 STUDY TEAM

The multidisciplinary team included expertise in Environmental Impact

Assessment, Air pollution & Control measures, Noise Control measures, Ecology and

bio-diversity, Land use, Geology, Environmental Chemistry and Socio-Economic

planner.

The team members were:

SL.NO. NAME ROLE

1. Dr. R. K. Jayaseelan EIA Coordinator - Overall coordination of EIA

study, report preparation, review and validation

2. Dr. R. K. Jayaseelan FAE - Land Use and Hydrology, ground water &

water conservation

3. Dr. Muthiah

Mariappan FAE - Solid waste & Hazardous Management

4. Dr. N. Sukumaran FAE - Ecology & Bio-diversity

5. Mrs. K. Vijayalakshmi FAE - Meteorology, Air Quality Modeling &

Prediction


135

6. Dr. Thillai

Govindarajan

FAE - Geology

7. Mrs. Geetha

Shreeneevasakan

FAE - Socio-Economic Expert

8. Mr. R. Rajendran FAE - Noise, Air pollution control

9. Mr. M. Mohamed

Assain

Project Engineer - Preparation and

Documentation/ FAA in AP & SHW

10. Mr. M. Jaganath Project Engineer - Preparation and

Documentation/ FAA in WP & SHW

11. Ms. P. Indu Junior Project Engineer - Preparation and

Documentation/ FAA in AQ & SHW

12. Mr. A. Ashok Kumar Junior Project Engineer - Preparation and

Documentation/FAA in AP & SHW

13. Mr. Robson

Chinnadurai

Senior Chemist - Environmental Monitoring

14. Mr. Ganesh Junior Chemist - Environmental Monitoring

16. Mr. Y.

Venkateshwaralu

Field Technician


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