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Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 1
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 2
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements
3
Introduction
5
Executive Summary
6
Washoe County Health Priorities and Action Plans 12
Access to Healthcare and Social Services 13
Behavioral Health 29
Education (K-12) 48
Food Security 59
Appendices 68
Appendix One: Acronyms 69
Appendix Two: Planning Process 70
Appendix Three: Assets and Resources 78
Appendix Four: References 93
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 3
Acknowledgements
Community Health Improvement Plan Authors
Lead Author
Sara Dinga - Washoe County Health District
Guest Authors
Carlee Maloy - University of Nevada, Reno Community Health Sciences Intern
Elizabeth Aguilar - University of Nevada, Reno Community Health Sciences Intern
Editing and Support
Dawn Spinola – Washoe County Health District
Community Health Improvement Plan Steering Committee
The Community Health Improvement Plan (CHIP) Steering Committee met monthly between
May and December 2015 to help guide the CHIP process. Steering Committee Members
include:
Chair
Kevin Dick - Washoe County Health District
Co-Chair
Sara Dinga - Washoe County Health District
Members
Amy Cummings - Regional Transportation Commission
Dr. Max Coppes - Renown Health
Father Jorge Herrera - St. Therese Church of the Little Flower
Mike Johnson - Community Member
Maureen McKissick - City of Reno
Kristen McNeill - Washoe County School District
Dr. Melanie Minarik - University of Nevada Reno
Armando Ornelas - City of Sparks
Ken Retterath - Washoe County Social Services
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 4
Community Partners
The Washoe County Health District would like to thank the following organizations for their
participation in the CHIP surveys, key informant interviews, and/or workgroups that led to the
development of the Community Health Improvement Plan and the priorities outlined within.
89502 Family Health Festival Planning Committee
Northern Nevada HOPES Northern Nevada Literacy Council
Care Chest of Sierra Nevada Northern Nevada Medical Center Catholic Charities of Northern Nevada Change Companies, The
Project Making Adequate Nutrition Accessible
City of Reno Quest Counseling and Consulting, Inc. City of Sparks Regional Transportation Commission Collaborating for Clients Accountability Team Renown Health Communities in Schools, Western Nevada Ridge House Community Health Alliance Saint Mary’s Regional Medical Center Crisis Call Center Saint Therese Church of the Little Flower Food Bank of Northern Nevada Social Entrepreneurs, Inc. Food Policy Council Good Shepherd’s Clothes Closet
Truckee Meadows Healthy Communities Steering Committee
HealthInsight Human Services Network Join Together Northern Nevada
University of Nevada, Reno, Department of Agriculture, Nutrition and Veterinary Services
JOIN Inc. Immunize Nevada
University of Nevada, Reno, Division of Health Sciences
Local Food Network Nevada Advocates for Planned Parenthood
University of Nevada, Reno, Sanford Center for Aging
Affiliates United Way Nevada Cancer Coalition Washoe County Manager’s Office Nevada Division of Healthcare Financing and Policy
Washoe County Chronic Disease Coalition Washoe County Health District
Nevada Division of Public and Behavioral Health, Office of Suicide Prevention
Washoe County School District Washoe County Senior Services
Nevada Energy Washoe County Social Services Nevada Parents Educating Parents Wells Fargo
Community Members
The Washoe County Health District and CHIP Steering Committee would like to thank the
community for their involvement and participation in the community health improvement
process. Your time and effort is greatly appreciated as we move forward to improve the health
and well-being of Washoe County residents.
Special Thank You
Thank you, Neil Lockhart, for allowing the use of your beautiful photography in our Community Health Improvement Plan. Your photos of Washoe County bring out its true beauty.
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 5
Introduction
Background
In 2014, the Washoe County Health District and Renown Health partnered with individuals and
organizations in the region to develop the 2015-2017 Washoe County Community Health
Needs Assessment (CHNA). The CHNA was designed to provide a comprehensive overview of
health needs and service gaps on which to focus community resources in Washoe County. The
data provided within the CHNA is the basis for the goals, objectives and strategies of the
Community Health Improvement Plan (CHIP). The CHNA is available at: Washoe County
Community Health Needs Assessment
What is a Community Health Improvement Plan?
The Public Health Accreditation Board defines a CHIP as "a long-term, systematic effort to
address health problems on the basis of the results of assessment activities and the community
health improvement process. This plan is used by health and other governmental education
and human service agencies, in collaboration with community partners, to set priorities and
coordinate and target resources.1”
The 2016-2018 Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan provides a framework
for community partners to improve the health and well-being of residents in Washoe County
by taking into account our community’s unique circumstances and needs. Put simply, the CHIP
is a plan of action to address local conditions that are contributing to or causing poor health in
Washoe County. Strategies identified within the CHIP are addressed through partnerships with
community based organizations, with Health District taking on a supportive role.
Management of the Community Health Improvement Plan
The CHIP is managed by community workgroups, with the Health District acting in a supportive
role. On an annual basis, the Health District will provide a community report as it relates to the
status of all goals, objectives and strategies included within the CHIP. The community report
will consider the feasibility and effectiveness of the strategies, as well as community resources
and assets. After measuring the performance of CHIP action plan implementation, revisions
may be made to the strategies, time-frames, targets, or assigned responsibilities. These annual
reports will be made available on the Washoe County Health District website.
In summary, this first CHIP provides an initial direction with revisions expected in the future as
Washoe County organizations and community members work in greater partnership to
improve upon the health and well-being of Washoe County residents.
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Executive Summary
In coordination with community members and community partners, the Washoe County
Health District developed the Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan (CHIP) to
address local health issues that are contributing to or causing poor health in Washoe County.
The CHIP is a living document that will be updated annually as new information, needs, gaps,
resources, and emergent issues are identified.
For purposes of the CHIP, four priority health issues were selected for Washoe County:
Access to Healthcare and Social Services
Behavioral
Health
Education (K-12)
Food
Security
More than 200 community members and community partners participated in the selection and validation of the above listed priorities. For a detailed description of the processes utilized to select these four health priorities, please refer to Appendix Two.
After selection of the four priority health issues, action plans for each health priority were
developed, and are included within the CHIP. The goals, objectives, strategies, timelines, and
lead organizations included within each action plan were determined based on information
collected from 99 community member interviews, 34 community partner surveys, 20 key
informant interviews, and nine community workgroups.
Implementation of each of the action plans will occur through workgroups and workgroup
subcommittees who will meet on a regular basis beginning in early 2016. The CHIP Steering
Committee and the Washoe County Health District encourage participation from all Washoe
County organizations addressing the four health priorities. Please send an e-mail to
[email protected] if you wish to become involved in one or more
of the CHIP workgroups.
A summary of the goals and objectives within the CHIP action plans are included within the
table on the following pages. The objectives included within the table are abbreviated for the
Executive Summary, and the complete SMART objectives are included within the CHIP action
plans.
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Summary of Washoe County CHIP Goals and Objectives:
Priority One: Access to Healthcare and Social Services
Goals Objectives
1 Improve access to healthcare and social services for individuals on Medicaid and Medicare, and for those who are underinsured or uninsured.
1.1 Provide Family Health Festivals to at-risk communities in Washoe County.
1.2 Develop a Family Health Festival Strategic Plan.
1.3 Increase the percentage of Washoe County residents who have a usual primary care provider.
1.4 Increase the number of non-high school graduate adults who receive their Adult High School Diploma.
1.5 There will be zero (0) ADA paratransit trip refusals in Washoe County within the Reno Transportation Commission paratransit service area.
1.6 There will be zero (0) ADA paratransit trip refusals in Washoe County outside of the Reno Transportation Commission paratransit service area.
1.7 Increase the number of trips provided by private/not-for-profit organizations for seniors, disabled, and low income residents for medical and social service needs.
1.8 Increase the number of reduced-rate or other discounted transit trips provided for seniors, disabled, and low income residents in Washoe County (taxi bucks, RTC ACCCESS coupons, etc.).
2 Improve coordination of care in Washoe County across healthcare settings, social services, individual providers, and the community.
2.1 Develop a strategic plan to restructure and improve Nevada 2-1-1.
2.2 Explore models for engagement of assistance providers in underserved communities.
Priority Two: Behavioral Health
Goals Objectives
3 Improve access to behavioral health services for individuals on Medicaid and Medicare, and for those who are underinsured or uninsured.
3.1 Increase the proportion of adults aged 18 years and older with serious mental illness who receive treatment.
3.2 Increase the proportion of adults aged 18 years and older with major depressive episodes who receive treatment.
3.3 Increase the proportion of persons with co-occurring substance abuse and mental disorders who receive treatment for both disorders.
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Priority Two: Behavioral Health (continued)
Goals Objectives
4 Create a healthier environment for Washoe County youth.
4.1 Decrease the number of K-12 bullying incidents within the Washoe County School District.
4.1.a Decrease the percentage of Washoe County high school students who are bullied on school property.
4.1.b Decrease the percentage of Washoe County high school students who are electronically bullied.
4.2 Decrease the percentage of Washoe County high school students who miss school because they feel unsafe at school or on their way to or from school.
4.3 Decrease the percentage of Washoe County high school students who feel sad or hopeless.
4.4 Decrease the percentage of high school students who seriously consider attempting suicide.
4.5 Decrease the percentage of high school students attempting suicide.
5 Protect the health and safety of Washoe County youth through the reduction of substance use and abuse.
5.1 Decrease the percentage of Washoe County high school students who currently drink alcohol.
5.2 Decrease the percentage of Washoe County high school students who recently participated in binge drinking.
5.3 Decrease the percentage of high school students who drank alcohol for the first time before age 13 years.
5.4 Decrease the percentage of University of Nevada, Reno students who currently drink alcohol.
5.5 Decrease the percentage of University of Nevada, Reno students who recently participated in binge drinking.
5.6 Decrease the average number of drinks consumed by University of Nevada, Reno students on last drinking occasion.
5.7 Decrease the percentage of Washoe County high school students who ever used marijuana.
5.8 Decrease the percentage of Washoe County high school students who tried marijuana for the first time before age 13 years.
5.9 Decrease the percentage of Washoe County high school students who currently use marijuana.
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Priority Two: Behavioral Health (continued)
Goals Objectives
5
Protect the health and safety of Washoe County youth through the reduction of substance use and
abuse.
5.10 Decrease the percentage of University of Nevada, Reno students who currently use marijuana.
5.11 Decrease the percentage of Washoe County high school students who ever used methamphetamines.
5.12 Decrease the percentage of Washoe County high school students who ever used cocaine.
5.13 Decrease the percentage of Washoe County high school students who ever used inhalants.
5.14 Decrease the percentage of Washoe County high school students who ever used heroin.
5.15 Decrease the percentage of Washoe County high school students who ever used ecstasy.
5.16 Decrease the percentage of Washoe County high school students who ever took prescription drugs without a doctor’s prescription.
5.17 Decrease the percentage of University of Nevada, Reno students who ever took prescription painkillers without a doctor’s prescription.
5.18 Decrease the percentage of University of Nevada, Reno students who ever took prescription sedatives without a doctor’s prescription.
5.19 Decrease the percentage of University of Nevada, Reno students who ever took prescription stimulants without a doctor’s prescription.
5.20 Decrease the percentage of Washoe County high school students who were offered, sold, or given an illegal drug by someone on school property.
5.21 Decrease the percentage of Washoe County high school students who drove a vehicle when they had been drinking alcohol.
5.22 Decrease the percentage of Washoe County high school students who rode in a vehicle by someone who had been drinking alcohol.
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Priotiy Three: Education (K-12)
Goals Objectives
6 Improve health outcomes of Washoe County youth through educational attainment.
6.1 Increase the Washoe County School District graduation rate.
6.1.a-6.1.c
Increase the Washoe County School District graduation rate for black/African American, Hispanic/Latino, and Native American/American Indian students.
6.1.d-6.1.f
Increase the Washoe County School District graduation rate for Children in Transition, children living in poverty, and for students enrolled in Special Education classes.
6.2 Decrease the percentage of Washoe County School District graduates attending Truckee Meadows Community College who require remedial math courses.
6.3 Decrease the percentage of Washoe County School District graduates attending Truckee Meadows Community College who require remedial English courses.
6.4 Decrease the percentage of Washoe County School District graduates attending the University of Nevada, Reno who require remedial math courses.
6.5 Decrease the percentage of Washoe County School District graduates attending the University of Nevada, Reno who require remedial English courses.
7 Support student health, wellness and achievement through nutritious eating habits and physical activity.
7.1 The Washoe County School District will adopt a Student Wellness Policy that meets state and federal requirements for nutrition and physical activity.
7.2 Increase the percentage of Title 1 schools with Provision 2 or Community Eligibility status.
7.3 Increase the number of Title I schools with Girls on the Run programming.
7.3.a Provide the Girls on the Run program to 500 adolescent girls in Washoe County.
7.4 Pilot the University of Nevada, Reno’s Coaches Challenge program in at least 20 elementary school classrooms within Washoe County.
7.4.a-7.4.b
Washoe County elementary students who complete Coaches Challenge will report an increase in physical activity and nutritious eating.
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Priority Four: Food Security
Goals Objectives
8 Implement programs that address the immediate need for food and promote long-term health and food security in households and communities.
8.1
Conduct a community needs assessment in the 89502 zip code with the goal of better understanding the role of food banks and their partners in a structured approach to achieve community-based outcomes that improve family stability.
8.2
Design a plan for improving outcomes identified through the community needs assessment process (identified in Objective 8.1), including the identification of interventions that draw from the best available evidence base.
8.3 Design an evaluation and data collection plan for those interventions identified in Objective 8.2.
8.4 Implement interventions identified in Objective 8.2 and assess outcomes utilizing the evaluation plan in Objective 8.3.
8.5 Develop a Washoe County Community Garden Plan to identify goals, objectives and strategies for Community Gardens in low-income neighborhoods.
9 Enhance home-delivered meal programs to seniors to keep on pace with the rising senior population.
9.1 Reduce the gap in the number of meals served to seniors residing in Washoe County.
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Washoe County Health Priorities and Action Plans
Summary of Health Priorities and Goals
For purposes of the CHIP, Washoe County community partners have identified four priority
health areas and nine goals as identified in the table directly below.
Health Priority Goals
Access to
Healthcare and Social Services
GOAL 1: Improve access to healthcare and social services for individuals on Medicaid and Medicare, and for those who are underinsured or uninsured.
GOAL 2: Improve coordination of care in Washoe County across healthcare settings, social services, individual providers, and the community.
Behavioral
Health
GOAL 3: Improve access to behavioral health services for individuals on Medicaid and Medicare, and for those who are underinsured or uninsured.
GOAL 4: Create a healthier environment for Washoe County youth.
GOAL 5: Protect the health and safety of Washoe County youth through the reduction of substance use and abuse.
Education
(K-12)
GOAL 6: Improve health outcomes of Washoe County youth through educational attainment.
GOAL 7: Support student health, wellness and achievement through nutritious eating habits and physical activity.
Food Security
GOAL 8: Implement programs that address the immediate need for food and promote long-term health and food security in households and communities.
GOAL 9: Enhance home-delivered meal programs to seniors to keep on pace with the rising senior population.
Description of Health Priorities and Action Plans
The following pages include a description of each of the four selected health priorities and their
corresponding action plans, containing goals, objectives, strategies, and lead organizations.
Furthermore, these pages include: a) infographics summarizing the critical data for each health
priority, b) a description and rationale for goals and corresponding objectives, c) evidence of
effectiveness, and d) policy recommendations. For a detailed description of the processes used
to select health priorities and develop action plans, please refer to Appendix Two.
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PRIORITY ONE:
Access to
Healthcare
and
Social
Services
The Access to Healthcare
and Social Services
infographic provides a
snapshot of the primary
access issues affecting
Washoe County residents.
All Washoe County
infographics can be found
at: Washoe County Health
District
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PRIORITY ONE:
Access to
Healthcare
and
Social
Services
The Access to Healthcare infographic
provides a snapshot of access issues
specific to healthcare in Washoe
County.
All Washoe County infographics can be
found at:
Washoe County Health District
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 15
GOAL 1: IMPROVE ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE AND SOCIAL SERVICES FOR INDIVIDUALS ON MEDICAID AND MEDICARE, AND FOR THOSE WHO ARE UNDERINSURED OR UNINSURED.
OBJECTIVE 1.1 Performance Measure: # of Family Health Festivals provided to at-risk communities per year
By December 31, 2018, provide a minimum of
four Family Health Festivals per year to at-risk
communities in Washoe County.
2015 Baseline
2016 Target
2018 Target
Data Source
2/year 4/year 4/year TMHC Steering Committee
OBJECTIVE 1.2 Performance Measure: Development of a Strategic Plan; Implementation of a Strategic Plan
By July 1, 2016, develop a Family Health
Festival Strategic Plan to identify goals,
objectives and strategies for future Family
Health Festivals.
2015 Baseline
2016 Target
2018 Target
Data Source
No Plan Plan Developed Plan
Implemented TMHC Steering Committee
Strategies Lead Organization
Family Health Festivals will be provided on a quarterly basis, beginning with 89502 as a pilot zip code.
Participating organizations must provide a direct service or necessary (free) items to increase access to
healthcare and social services. Examples of direct services include: fluoride treatment, immunizations,
sports physicals, etc. Examples of necessary (free) items include: school uniforms, food, etc.
Truckee Meadows Healthy
Communities Family Health
Festival Planning Committee Develop and implement Family Health Festival Strategic Plan strategies and evaluate progress toward
objectives identified in Plan.
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 16
Goal 1 – Objectives 1.1 and 1.2
Description
Community hubs bring local information and services spanning healthcare, social services, and education into a familiar
and friendly place, such as a school or community space that is already a part of everyday life for families and their
children. For parents, guardians, and children, accessing information and services is easier when delivered in a setting
that they are already familiar with2. The Family Health Festivals in Washoe County are a new initiative that began as a
result of the needs and gaps identified in the CHNA.
Rationale
Improving access to healthcare and social services aims to increase the quality of life of Washoe County residents by
providing adequate healthcare and promoting a better understanding of the system. Community hubs provide greater
access to healthcare, social services and education, thereby increasing access to needed services that increase a
person’s/family’s health and well-being. In addition, community hubs can help families create friendships and support
networks, and provide a sense of belonging2.
Evidence of Effectiveness
A Community Hub is an evidence-based, place-based, citizen centric program designed to enhance social inclusion and
social cohesion. Outcomes and objectives are focused on the child, family, school, and community2.
Also Addresses Behavioral Health, Education, and Food Security priorities
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 17
GOAL 1: IMPROVE ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE AND SOCIAL SERVICES FOR INDIVIDUALS ON MEDICAID AND MEDICARE, AND FOR THOSE WHO ARE UNDERINSURED OR UNINSURED.
OBJECTIVE 1.3 Performance Measure: % of WC residents who have a usual primary care provider
By December 31, 2018, increase the
percentage of Washoe County residents who
have a usual primary care provider to 5%.
2014 Baseline
2018 Target
Healthy People 2020 Target
Data Source
68.1% 71.5% 83.9% BRFSS
Strategies Lead Organization
Community Health Alliance (CHA), a Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC), will expand to seven health centers in
Washoe County offering primary care, women’s healthcare, chronic disease management, behavioral health, WIC,
labs/x-rays, and dental care. This expansion into numerous communities in Washoe County will allow for a greater
number of clients to be served.
Community Health
Alliance
Northern Nevada HOPES (NN HOPES), a FQHC, began construction on a brand new, 37,400 sq. foot community wellness
center in downtown Reno. The new, three-story community wellness center, opening in early 2016, will allow NN
HOPES to provide unprecedented healthcare to medically underserved populations in Washoe County. NN HOPES offers
a range of comprehensive services including primary care, chronic disease management, women’s health services, harm
reduction and outreach, behavioral health, social services, and an on-site pharmacy and nutritionist.
Northern Nevada
HOPES
In January 2016, the Sanford Center Geriatric Clinic will offer a comprehensive geriatric assessment and support center
for elders. This specialty care clinic offers a “whole person” assessment and chronic care management services,
provided by a multidisciplinary team, centered around the goals, strengths, and needs of each client. Often times,
elders experience appointments with multiple doctors, who don’t always collaborate on the patient’s care. The
Geriatric Clinic can help alleviate these challenges by providing all of the patient’s health care needs under one roof.
Sanford Center
Geriatric Clinic
In an effort to break the cycle of uninsured individuals inappropriately utilizing emergency rooms, REMSA implemented
their Community Health Program (CHP) to more appropriately utilize emergency responders, including a 24/7 nurse
health line, the Community Paramedic Program, and Ambulance Transport Alternatives.
Regional Emergency
Medical Services
Authority
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 18
Goal 1 – Objective 1.3
Description
According to Healthy People 2020, access to health services means the timely use of personal health services to achieve
the best health outcomes. Access assists in the prevention of disease and disability and the detection and treatment of
health conditions. Access is important for the achievement of health equity and for increasing the quality of a healthy
life, as it improves physical, social and mental health status.
The strategies discussed in Objective 1.3 above are a result of community organizations responding to client needs prior
to the development of the CHNA. However, the expansion efforts of these agencies are significant and expected to have
a great impact on the number of individuals on Medicaid and Medicare, and those who are underinsured and uninsured,
in accessing care and establishing themselves with a primary care physician.
Rationale
One in five residents in Washoe County is enrolled in Medicaid, and many have experienced difficulty in finding
providers who accept Medicaid patients. Approximately one-third of Washoe County residents live in a primary care
shortage area. People without a primary care provider do not regularly access the healthcare system and often wait
until a health concern becomes so serious they seek emergency services. With regular primary care, however, patients
receive annual check-ups and health screenings, which help prevent chronic conditions and the progression of disease
to late stages3.
Evidence of Effectiveness
Having a usual primary care provider is associated with a higher likelihood of appropriate care, and a usual source of
care is associated with better health outcomes4.
Healthy People 2020 has identified access to a usual care provider as a Leading Health Indicator (LHI); a subset of
Healthy People 2020 objectives selected to communicate high-priority health issues5.
Also Addresses Behavioral Health, Education, and Food Security priorities
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 19
GOAL 1: IMPROVE ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE AND SOCIAL SERVICES FOR INDIVIDUALS ON MEDICAID AND MEDICARE, AND FOR THOSE WHO ARE UNDERINSURED OR UNINSURED.
OBJECTIVE 1.4 Performance Measure: # of non-graduate high school adults in Washoe County who receive their Adult High
School Diploma By December 31, 2018, increase the number
of non-high school graduate adults who
receive their Adult High School Diploma by a
minimum of 4000.
2015 Baseline
2018 Target
Data Source
0* 4000 Northern Nevada Literacy Council
*the baseline begins at 0 each calendar year. Based on the 2010 census, there were more than 40,000 adults in Washoe County without a high
school diploma.
Strategies Lead Organization
Enroll Washoe County adult residents who do not have a high school diploma into a program where they
can obtain an Adult High School Diploma. Northern Nevada Literacy Council and RISE Academy for Adult
Achievement Educate enrolled adults on services and job opportunities where they receive both a living wage job and
health insurance.
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 20
Goal 1 – Objective 1.4
Description
Academic success and achievement are strong predictors of overall adult health outcomes6. In 2013, the number of
uninsured people in the United States, a population comprising mainly minorities and those with less education and
income, totaled nearly 55.4 million3.
Rationale
As expected, the prevalence of Nevadans with health insurance increased with education, according to the Nevada
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2012 Annual Report. The annual report shows that 50.85% of adults aged
18+ had health insurance, compared to 72.17% of who graduated high school or have a G.E.D. The percentages climbed
to 79.39% for those with some post high school and to 89.33% for college graduates.
In addition, the primary root causes discussed in community member and community partner CHIP interviews in
relation to why Washoe County residents did not have health insurance revolved around: lack of a high school diploma
and lack of a job that provided health insurance.
Evidence of Effectiveness
Proficient academic skills are associated with lower rates of risky behaviors and higher rates of healthy behaviors. High
school graduation leads to lower rates of health problems and risk for incarceration, as well as enhanced financial
stability6.
Also Addresses Behavioral Health, Education, and Food Security priorities
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 21
GOAL 1: IMPROVE ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE AND SOCIAL SERVICES FOR INDIVIDUALS ON MEDICAID AND MEDICARE, AND FOR THOSE WHO ARE UNDERINSURED OR UNINSURED.
OBJECTIVE 1.5 Performance Measure: Number of ADA paratransit trip refusals within RTC paratransit service area By December 2018, there will be zero (0) ADA
paratransit trip refusals in Washoe County
within the Reno Transportation Commission
paratransit service area.
2015 Baseline
2016 Target
2018 Target
Data Source
0 0 0 RTC of Washoe County
OBJECTIVE 1.6 Performance Measure: Number of ADA paratransit trip refusals outside of RTC paratransit service area By December 2018, there will be zero (0) ADA
paratransit trip refusals in Washoe County
outside of the Reno Transportation
Commission paratransit service area.
2015 Baseline
2016 Target
2018 Target
Data Source
TBD 0 0 RTC of Washoe County
OBJECTIVE 1.7 Performance Measure: Number of trips provided By December 2018, increase the number of
trips provided by private/not-for-profit
organizations for seniors, disabled, and low
income residents for medical and social
service needs.
2015 Baseline
2016 Target
2018 Target
Data Source
TBD TBD TBD RTC of Washoe County
OBJECTIVE 1.8 Performance Measure: Number of reduced-rate or other discounted transit trips By December 2018, increase the number of
reduced-rate or other discounted transit trips
provided for seniors, disabled, and low income
residents in Washoe County (taxi bucks, RTC
ACCCESS coupons, etc.).
2015 Baseline
2016 Target
2018 Target
Data Source
TBD TBD TBD RTC of Washoe County
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 22
Strategies Lead Organization
Expand public transportation services from the RTC and through not-for-profit transportation service
providers. Regional Transportation Commission Continue and grow programs such as RTC Taxi Bucks and other not-for-profit RTC grant funded programs
through the FTA Section 5310 program.
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Goal 1 – Objective 1.5 through 1.8
Description Regional Transportation Commission (RTC) Access is the paratransit service that provides door-to-door, pre-scheduled
transportation for people who meet the criteria of the Americans with Disability Act (ADA).
Rationale
The 60+ senior population is the fastest growing age group in Washoe County. In 2010, there were 76,000 people over
the age of 60, in 2020 there will be an estimated 100,000, and by 2013, there will be an estimated 130,0003.
Transportation to and from healthcare is not widely available to individuals on Medicaid and Medicare, or may be
difficult to access and navigate. Alternative transportation options and training supports are therefore needed,
especially in non-urbanized areas of the county.
Evidence of Effectiveness
The 2014 Washoe County Master Plan for Aging Services Delivery reports that reducing barriers, including
transportation costs, areas served, and hours of operation can increase seniors' ability to access needed healthcare
services.
Also Addresses Behavioral Health, Education, and Food Security priorities
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 24
GOAL 2: IMPROVE COORDINATION OF CARE IN WASHOE COUNTY ACROSS HEALTHCARE SETTINGS, SOCIAL SERVICES, INDIVIDUAL PROVIDERS, AND THE COMMUNITY.
OBJECTIVE 2.1 Performance Measure: Development of a Strategic Plan; Implementation of a Strategic Plan By July 2016, Nevada Department of Health
and Human Services and statewide community
partners will develop a strategic plan to
restructure and improve Nevada 2-1-1, a call
center and online directory that provides
information and referral services to Nevada
residents.
2015 Baseline
2016 Target
2018 Target
Data Source
No Plan Plan Developed Plan
Implemented Nevada Department of Health and
Human Services
Strategies Lead Organization
Develop a Strategic Plan for Nevada 2-1-1 that will allow for 2-1-1 to become a quality resource directory
that is improved, reliable and useful to all Washoe County partners, thereby reducing the immense
amount of work community partners put into creating and updating their own individual resource
directories.
State: Nevada Department of
Health and Human Services
County: Washoe County Health
District and Catholic Charities of
Northern Nevada Implement the Nevada 2-1-1 Strategic Plan.
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 25
Goal 2 – Objective 2.1
Description
Nevada 2-1-1 is a part of a nationwide network of call centers that provide information and referral (I & R) services to
Nevada residents. Available information includes basic human services, physical and mental health resources,
employment support services, programs for children, youth and families, support for seniors and persons with
disabilities, volunteer opportunities, and support for community crisis and disaster recovery. Nevada 2-1-1 is available
24 hours per day, 7 days a week and information is provided in multiple languages. Nevada 2-1-1 is a useful resource for
individuals who need help and don’t know where to find it; it is a helpful service repository where service providers can
go to find resources needed by their own client base; 2-1-1 can assist during times of disaster by directing non-
emergency calls away from 9-1-1; and the 2-1-1 system is a mechanism to collect important data about emerging needs,
trends, and gaps in services7.
Rationale
Despite the intended benefits of Nevada 2-1-1, multiple needs assessments conducted by various state agencies reveal
Nevada 2-1-1 is not yet established as the preferred source of information and referral by individuals or providers
throughout the state. Furthermore, the system was noted to not be user friendly, accurate, or up to date. On a local
level, the CHIP data collection process revealed that agencies are individually developing their own resource guides
which take up a lot of staff time and resources as opposed to using 2-1-1, because it is out of date. If revitalized,
Washoe County agencies would prefer to utilize Nevada 2-1-1 as a resource7.
Evidence of Effectiveness
United Way Worldwide commissioned a study to access the expected costs and anticipated benefits of a nationwide 2-
1-1 system. The University of Texas Ray Marshall Center for the Study of Human Resources concluded: a) when an
individual seeks information or referral services for which they have little or no prior knowledge or experience, dialing 2-
1-1 is much simpler than other options, b) general information systems, such as 4-1-1, provide information that is too
general in nature to be very useful and may charge a fee, c) as a one-stop shop for social services, 2-1-1 would
ultimately save Americans millions of dollars in taxpayer money, and d) a national service of this type is estimated to
provide $1.1 billion in net value to society in a ten year period.
Also Addresses Behavioral Health, Education, and Food Security priorities
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 26
GOAL 2: IMPROVE COORDINATION OF CARE IN WASHOE COUNTY ACROSS HEALTHCARE SETTINGS, SOCIAL SERVICES, INDIVIDUAL PROVIDERS, AND THE COMMUNITY.
OBJECTIVE 2.2 Performance Measure: Exploration of models
By December 2016, explore models for
engagement of assistance providers in
underserved communities.
2015 Baseline
2016 Target
2018 Target
Data Source
No models explored
Models explored
Implement Model(s)
Truckee Meadows Healthy Communities Steering Committee
Strategies Lead Organization
The Truckee Meadows Healthy Communities 89502 subcommittee will meet monthly to discuss and
explore models for engagement of assistance providers in underserved communities.
Truckee Meadows Healthy
Communities
Begin implementation of model(s) to improve access to underserved communities. Truckee Meadows Healthy
Communities
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 27
Goal 2 – Objective 2.2
Description
Through the Truckee Meadows Healthy Communities initiative, providers in Washoe County are looking to improve
coordination of service provision for low-income residents. How services will be better coordinated is still unknown, yet
many options are being explored.
Rationale The CHIP data collection process, as well as the CHNA data collection process, reports that individuals in Washoe County
have many barriers to accessing comprehensive care under the current models used by a myriad of healthcare and
social service organizations in Washoe County.
Evidence of Effectiveness
Truckee Meadows Healthy Communities will be researching evidence-based strategies in 2016.
Also Addresses Behavioral Health, Education, Food Security priorities
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 28
Policy Recommendations for Priority One: Access to Healthcare and Social Services
Support the increase of Medicaid reimbursement rates for primary care and specialty care providers.
Provide information to policy makers and the public in Nevada on the value of health insurance coverage and access to quality clinical and
preventive health services.
Support the integration and reimbursement of comprehensive clinical and preventive services, including chronic disease management and
lifestyle change.
Support the healthcare and public health workforce development in Nevada, including recognition, certification, and reimbursement of
emerging health professions such as community health workers and community paramedics.
Support efforts to improve access to healthcare services, including programs and policies that expand health insurance coverage to uninsured
populations, ensure safety net services to medically underserved populations, and adequate provider networks by all public and private health
insurance plans.
Support the development and implementation of school-based health services, including preventive health services for students with behavioral
health needs.
Support efforts to improve access to clinical and preventive services delivered through telehealth technology to medically underserved areas.
By recognizing the fundamental relationship between poverty and poorer health outcomes, support efforts to ensure a living wage and
affordable housing for Nevada workers and families.
Provide information to policymakers and the public in Nevada on the health impact of adequately funding essential public health services, the
value of public health accreditation, and the return on investments from evidence-based, population-health oriented programs and policy.
Support tax reform efforts leading to a more equitable and reliable tax system to ensure adequate funding for essential public health services
that transition Nevada’s health system from a sick-care system focused on treating individuals after they become ill to a prevention-oriented
system focused on population health promotion and wellness.
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 29
PRIORITY TWO:
Behavioral
Health
The Mental Health infographic provides a
snapshot of some of the primary mental
health issues affecting Washoe County
residents.
All Washoe County infographics can be
found at: Washoe County Health District
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 30
PRIORITY TWO:
Behavioral
Health
The Alcohol and Drugs infographic provides
a snapshot of the primary behavioral
health issues in Washoe County as they
relate to substance use and abuse.
All Washoe County infographics can be
found at: Washoe County Health District
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 31
GOAL 3: IMPROVE ACCESS TO BEHAVIORAL HEALTH SERVICES FOR INDIVIDUALS ON MEDICAID AND MEDICARE, AND FOR THOSE WHO ARE UNDERINSURED OR UNINSURED.
OBJECTIVE 3.1 Performance Measure: % of Washoe County adults with SMI who receive treatment
By December 2018, increase the proportion of
adults aged 18 years and older with serious
mental illness (SMI) who receive treatment.
2015 Baseline
2018 Target
Healthy People 2020 Target
Data Source
TBD* TBD* 72.3% TBD*
OBJECTIVE 3.2 Performance Measure: % of Washoe County adults with MDEs who receive treatment By December 2018, increase the proportion of
adults aged 18 years and older with major
depressive episodes (MDEs) who receive
treatment.
2015 Baseline
2018 Target
Healthy People 2020 Target
Data Source
TBD* TBD* 75.9% TBD*
OBJECTIVE 3.3 Performance Measure: % of Washoe County residents who receive treatment for both substance abuse and
mental disorders By December 2018, increase the proportion of
persons with co-occurring substance abuse
and mental disorders who receive treatment
for both disorders.
2015 Baseline
2018 Target
Healthy People 2020 Target
Data Source
TBD* TBD* 3.6% TBD*
*Data for objectives 3.1 – 3.3 is currently reported on a statewide and national level by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services
Administration (SAMHSA) and reported through the National Survey on Drug Use and Health. The CHIP Behavioral Health Workgroup will move
forward in 2016 to determine the best method for collecting reporting data on a local level.
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 32
Strategies Lead Organization
Community Health Alliance (CHA), a Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC), will expand to seven health centers
in Washoe County offering primary care, women’s healthcare, chronic disease management, behavioral health,
WIC, labs/x-rays, and dental care.
Community Health
Alliance
Northern Nevada HOPES (NN HOPES), a FQHC, will expand its clinic site to meet the needs of its growing client
numbers. NN HOPES offers a range of comprehensive services including primary care, chronic disease
management, women’s health services, harm reduction and outreach, behavioral health, social services, and an
on-site pharmacy and nutritionist.
NN HOPES
In January 2016, the Sanford Center Geriatric Clinic will offer a comprehensive geriatric assessment and support
center for elders. This specialty care clinic offers a “whole person” assessment and chronic care management
services, provided by a multidisciplinary team, centered around the goals, strengths, and needs of each client.
Often times, elders experience appointments with multiple doctors, who don’t always collaborate on the patient’s
care. The Sanford Center Geriatric Clinic can help alleviate these challenges by providing all of the patient’s health
care needs under one roof.
Sanford Center Geriatric
Clinic
The University of Nevada School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry has opened a new Behavioral Health
Patient Care Center. The Center offers behavioral health services to children, adolescents and adults, and provides
advanced, evidence-based treatment based on the latest research.
University of Nevada
School of Medicine
Department of Psychiatry
In an effort to break the cycle of uninsured individuals inappropriately utilizing emergency rooms, REMSA
implemented their Community Health Program (CHP) to more appropriately utilize emergency responders,
including a 24/7 nurse health line, the Community Paramedic Program, and Ambulance Transport Alternatives.
The program also connects individuals with mental and behavioral health needs to appropriate services.
Regional Emergency
Medical Services
Authority
Crossroads provides a supportive living arrangement for men and women transitioning out of homelessness.
Clients in the program are given a safe and caring environment to live in, along with wrap-around social services
including drug and alcohol counseling, employment support, volunteer/work opportunities, and other tools to help
them establish a new, more productive path in life. Crossroads is expanding the number of supportive transitional
housing beds from 131 in 2015 to 151 in 2017; including 20-30 crisis intervention beds intended to relieve stress on
local emergency departments. Crossroads also has plans to expand to 200 beds in 2018 and create an off-campus
facility to serve those with substance abuse issues who are not in need of a place to live – but are required by the
courts to be tested for drug/alcohol use.
Crossroads
(Partners include:
Washoe County Social
Services, Washoe County
Sheriff’s Office, Reno
Justice Court, and
Catholic Charities)
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 33
Goal 3 – Objective 3.1 through Objective 3.3
Description
Residents of Washoe County who are in need of mental /behavioral health services often go without counseling and
treatment. The CHNA reports that the biggest challenges Washoe County faces in regard to mental and behavioral
health are a lack of resources and access to appropriate care. Hospital emergency departments serve as a care provider
for mental/behavioral patients, which contributes to overcrowding as patients wait for services not readily available in
the ER. On a positive note, providers are getting creative with the resources available in both the public and private
sectors. Furthermore, Washoe County’s two Federally Qualified Health Centers are both expanding behavioral health
services for their low-income clients3.
Rationale
Regardless of creative solutions, much work still needs to be done in Washoe County to address the mental/behavioral
health issues, particularly those of our youth. Washoe County’s teen attempted suicide rate is well above the national
average – in 2013, 21% of high schoolers considered suicide, and 14% attempted suicide. A critical shortage of mental
health professionals means these young people don’t have access to the care they need. To even be close to the
average number of providers available nationwide, Washoe County would have to double its number of mental health
providers3. Currently, 100% of Washoe County’s population resides in a mental health professional shortage area8.
Evidence of Effectiveness
Mental disorders are among the most common causes of disability. The resulting disease burden of mental illness is
among the highest of all diseases. According to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), in any given year, an
estimated 13 million American adults (approximately 1 in 17) have a seriously debilitating mental illness. Mental health
disorders are the leading cause of disability in the United States and Canada, accounting for 25 percent of all years of life
lost to disability and premature mortality9.
Also Addresses Access to Healthcare and Social Services priority
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 34
GOAL 4: CREATE A HEALTHIER ENVIRONMENT FOR WASHOE COUNTY YOUTH.
OBJECTIVE 4.1 Performance Measure: # of K-12 WCSD bullying incidents
By December 2020, decrease the number of
K-12 bullying incidents within the Washoe
County School District by 10%
2015 Baseline
2018 Target
2020 Target
Data Source
TBD 10% reduction 20% reduction Washoe County School District
OBJECTIVE 4.1.a Performance Measure: % of WC high school students who are bullied on school property By December 2019, decrease the
percentage of Washoe County high
school students who are bullied on
school property* by 20%.
2013 Baseline
2017 Target
2019 Target
Data Source
21.7% 19.5% 17.4% Youth Risk Behavior Survey
*during the 12 months before the YRBS survey
OBJECTIVE 4.1.b Performance Measure: % of WC high school students who are electronically bullied By December 2019, decrease the
percentage of Washoe County high
school students who are electronically
bullied* by 20%.
2013 Baseline
2017 Target
2019 Target
Data Source
16.9% 15.2% 13.5% Youth Risk Behavior Survey
*during the 12 months before the YRBS survey
OBJECTIVE 4.2 Performance Measure: % of WC high students missing school because they feel unsafe By December 2019, decrease the percentage
of Washoe County high school students who miss school* because they feel unsafe at school or on their way to or from school by 20%.
2013 Baseline
2017 Target
2019 Target
Data Source
14.9% 13.4% 11.9% Youth Risk Behavior Survey
*on at least one day during the last 30 days before the YRBS survey
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 35
OBJECTIVE 4.3 Performance Measure: % of WC high school students feeling sad or hopeless
By December 2019, decrease the percentage
of Washoe County high school students who
feel sad or hopeless* by 20%
2013 Baseline
2017 Target
2019 Target
Data Source
34.0% 30.6% 27.2% Youth Risk Behavior Survey
*almost every day for two or more weeks in a row so that they stopped doing some usual activities
OBJECTIVE 4.4 Performance Measure: % of high school students seriously considering suicide
By December 2019, decrease the percentage
of high school students who seriously consider
attempting suicide* by 20%.
2013 Baseline
2017 Target
2019 Target
Data Source
21.0% 18.9% 16.8% Youth Risk Behavior Survey
*during the 12 months before the YRBS survey
OBJECTIVE 4.5 Performance Measure: % of attempted suicides by high school students
By December 2019, decrease the percentage
of high school students attempting suicide* by
20%.
2013 Baseline
2017 Target
2019 Target
Data Source
14.0% 12.6% 11.2% Youth Risk Behavior Survey
*one or more times during the 12 months before the YRBS survey
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 36
Strategies Lead Organization
Integrate academic, social, and emotional learning, and behavioral programming through Multi-Tiered
Systems of Support. Internal reorganization will integrate behavioral services and intervention services
with MTSS into the Department of Support and Intervention. Support will be provided to administrators
to investigate bullying and support will be extended for culturally responsive practice.
Washoe County School District
A Safe and Healthy Schools Commission within the WCSD has been recently developed in an effort to
provide Trustees with recommendations centering on the safety, security and well-being of WCSD
students, staff and schools. The Safe and Healthy Schools Commission will review and analyze
information from the District-wide safety and security review to be conducted in school year 2015-2016.
Washoe County School District
Safe and Healthy Schools
Commission
Family Health Festivals, following the Community Hub concept, will be provided to residents of the 89502
high-risk zip code on a quarterly basis. WCSD information regarding safe and healthy schools will be
provided during these events, to include WCSD staff providing informational sessions to parents and
youth regarding a new website in which parents and students can report bullying.
Truckee Meadows Healthy
Communities 89502 Planning
Committee
Expand the number of schools with a Communities in Schools program to position coordinators inside
Washoe County schools to assess student needs and provide resources to help them succeed in the
classroom and in life.
Communities in Schools
Signs of Suicide (SOS), an evidence-based program, is administered to 150 youth (ages 12-17) in Washoe
County. SOS is a secondary school-based suicide prevention program that includes screening and
education. Students are screened for depression and suicide risk and referred for professional help.
Students also view a video that teaches them to recognize signs of depression and suicide in themselves
and others.
JTNN and the Children’s Cabinet
Research strategies and methods to track and address Adverse Childhood Experiences (i.e., parental
divorce or separation, economic hardship, parents with alcohol/drug abuse problems, etc.) for Washoe
County youth.
Behavioral Health CHIP Workgroup
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 37
Goal 4 – Objectives 4.1 through 4.5
Description
Bullying is one type of youth violence that threatens young people’s well-being. Bullying can occur in person and
through technology. Bullying can result in physical injuries, social and emotional difficulties, and academic problems.
The harmful effects of bullying are frequently felt by others, including families and friends, and can hurt the overall
health and safety of schools, neighborhoods, and society10.
Most teens who attempt or die by suicide have a mental health condition or substance abuse problem. As a result, they
have trouble coping with the stress of being a teen, such as dealing with rejection, failure, breakups, and family
turmoil11.
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are potentially traumatic events that can have negative, lasting effects on health
and well-being. These experiences range from physical, emotional, or sexual abuse to parental divorce or the
incarceration of a parent or guardian. A growing body of research has sought to quantify the prevalence of adverse
childhood experiences and illuminate their connection with negative behavioral and health outcomes later in life12.
Rationale
Washoe County high school students report higher rates of violent behavior or threats of violent behavior than do youth
in Nevada and nationwide. For example, 21.7% of high school students were bullied on Washoe County school property
in 2013, compared to 19.6% of all Nevada high school students and 19.6% of students nationwide. In addition, 16.9% of
Washoe County high school students reported being bullied electronically compared to 15.0% of all Nevada high school
students and 14.8% nationwide. Even more alarming is that Washoe County’s attempted high school suicide rate (14%)
is almost double that of the nation (8%)13. Furthermore, the 2013 Nevada Kids Count Data Book reports that in 2012, a
total of 11 youth, ages 15-19 committed suicide in Nevada, five of which were in Washoe County, and only one more
(six total) in Clark County.
Evidence of Effectiveness
Healthy People 2020 reports that new research over the past 20 years indicates that the greatest opportunity for
prevention in relation to mental health disorders is among young people. Furthermore, Healthy People 2020 reports
that school-based preventive interventions aimed at improving social and emotional outcomes can also improve
academic outcomes9.
Also Addresses Access to Healthcare and Social Services, and Education priorities
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 38
GOAL 5: PROTECT THE HEALTH AND SAFETY OF WASHOE COUNTY YOUTH THROUGH THE REDUCTION OF SUBSTANCE USE AND ABUSE.
OBJECTIVE 5.1 Performance Measure: % of WC high school students who currently drink alcohol
By December 2019, decrease the percentage
of Washoe County high school students who
currently drink alcohol* by 10%.
2013 Baseline
2017 Target
2019 Target
Data Source
36.5% 34.7% 32.9% Youth Risk Behavior Survey
*Had at least one drink of alcohol on at least one day during the 30 days before the survey
OBJECTIVE 5.2 Performance Measure: % of WC high school students participating in binge drinking By December 2019, decrease the percentage
of Washoe County high school students who
recently participated in binge drinking* by
10%.
2013 Baseline
2017 Target
2019 Target
Data Source
23.3% 22.1% 21.0% Youth Risk Behavior Survey
*Had five or more drinks of alcohol in a row within a couple of hours on at least one day during the 30 days before the survey
OBJECTIVE 5.3 Performance Measure: % of WC high school students who drank alcohol for the first time before age 13 years
By December 2019, decrease the percentage
of high school students who drank alcohol for
the first time before age 13 years* by 10%.
2013 Baseline
2017 Target
2019 Target
Data Source
23.2% 22.0% 20.9% Youth Risk Behavior Survey
*other than a few sips
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 39
OBJECTIVE 5.4 Performance Measure: % of UNR students who currently drink alcohol
By December 2020, decrease the percentage
of University of Nevada, Reno students who
currently drink alcohol* by 10%.
2012 Baseline
2018 Target
2020 Target
Data Source
65.3% 62.0% 58.8% National College Health
Assessment
*During the 30 days before the survey
OBJECTIVE 5.5 Performance Measure: % of UNR students participating in binge drinking
By December 2020, decrease the percentage
of University of Nevada, Reno students who
recently participated in binge drinking* by
10%.
2012 Baseline
2018 Target
2020 Target
Healthy People 2020 Target
Data Source
32.1% 30.5% 28.9% 37% National
College Health Assessment
*During the two weeks before the survey
OBJECTIVE 5.6 Performance Measure: # of drinks consumed by UNR students on last drinking occasion
By December 2020, decrease the average
number of drinks consumed by University of
Nevada, Reno students on last drinking
occasion by 10%.
2012 Baseline
2018 Target
2020 Target
Data Source
4.62 4.39 4.16 National College Health
Assessment
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 40
OBJECTIVE 5.7 Performance Measure: % of WC high school students who have ever used marijuana
By December 2019, decrease the percentage
of Washoe County high school students who
ever used marijuana* by 10%.
2013 Baseline
2017 Target
2019 Target
Data Source
49.2% 46.7% 44.3% Youth Risk Behavior Survey
*Used marijuana one or more times during their life
OBJECTIVE 5.8 Performance Measure: % of WC high school students who tried marijuana for the first time before age 13 years By December 2019, decrease the percentage
of Washoe County high school students who
tried marijuana for the first time before age 13
years* by 10%.
2013 Baseline
2017 Target
2019 Target
Data Source
13.7% 13.0% 12.3% Youth Risk Behavior Survey
*Used marijuana one or more times during their life
OBJECTIVE 5.9 Performance Measure: % of WC high school students who currently use marijuana
By December 2019, decrease the percentage
of Washoe County high school students who
currently use marijuana* by 10%.
2013 Baseline
2017 Target
2019 Target
Data Source
28.2% 26.8% 25.4% Youth Risk Behavior Survey
*Used marijuana one or more times during the 30 days before the survey
OBJECTIVE 5.10 Performance Measure: % of UNR who currently use marijuana
By December 2020, decrease the percentage
of University of Nevada, Reno students who
currently use marijuana* by 10%.
2012 Baseline
2018 Target
2020 Target
Data Source
42.1% 40.0% 37.9% National College Health
Assessment
*Used marijuana during the 30 days before the survey
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 41
OBJECTIVE 5.11 Performance Measure: % of WC high school students who have ever used methamphetamines
By December 2019, decrease the percentage
of Washoe County high school students who
ever used methamphetamines* by 10%.
2013 Baseline
2017 Target
2019 Target
Data Source
6.7% 6.4% 6.0% Youth Risk Behavior Survey
*used methamphetamines (also called “speed,” “crystal,” “crank,” or “ice”) one or more times during their life
OBJECTIVE 5.12 Performance Measure: % of WC high school students who have ever used cocaine
By December 2019, decrease the percentage
of Washoe County high school students who
ever used cocaine* by 10%.
2013 Baseline
2017 Target
2019 Target
Data Source
11.3% 10.7% 10.2% Youth Risk Behavior Survey
*Used any form of cocaine (e.g., powder, crack or freebase) one or more times during their life
OBJECTIVE 5.13 Performance Measure: % of WC high school students who have ever used inhalants
By December 2019, decrease the percentage
of Washoe County high school students who
ever used inhalants* by 10%.
2013 Baseline
2017 Target
2019 Target
Data Source
11.5% 10.9% 10.4% Youth Risk Behavior Survey
*sniffed glue, breathed the contents of aerosol spray cans, or inhaled any paints or sprays to get high one or more times during their life
OBJECTIVE 5.14 Performance Measure: % of WC high school students who have ever used heroin
By December 2019, decrease the percentage
of Washoe County high school students who
ever used heroin* by 10%.
2013 Baseline
2017 Target
2019 Target
Data Source
4.6% 4.4% 4.1% Youth Risk Behavior Survey
*Used heroin (also called “smack,” “junk,” or “China White”) one or more times during their life
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 42
OBJECTIVE 5.15 Performance Measure: % of WC high school students who have ever used ecstasy
By December 2019, decrease the percentage
of Washoe County high school students who
ever used ecstasy* by 10%.
2013 Baseline
2017 Target
2019 Target
Data Source
16.2% 15.4% 14.6% Youth Risk Behavior Survey
*Used ecstasy (also called “MDMA”) one or more times during their life
OBJECTIVE 5.16 Performance Measure: % of WC high school students who ever took prescription drugs without a dr.’s prescription By December 2019, decrease the percentage
of Washoe County high school students who
ever took prescription drugs without a
doctor’s prescription* by 10%.
2013 Baseline
2017 Target
2019 Target
Data Source
21.9% 20.8% 19.7% Youth Risk Behavior Survey
*Took prescription drugs (e.g., OxyContin, Percocet, Vicodin, codeine, Adderall, Ritalin, or Xanax) without a Dr.’s prescription one or more times
OBJECTIVE 5.17 Performance Measure: % of UNR students who ever took prescription painkillers without a doctor’s prescription
By December 2020, decrease the percentage
of University of Nevada, Reno students who
ever took prescription painkillers without a
doctor’s prescription* by 10%.
2012 Baseline
2018 Target
2020 Target
Data Source
11.0% 10.5% 9.9% National College Health
Assessment
*past year
OBJECTIVE 5.18 Performance Measure: % of UNR students who ever took prescription sedatives without a doctor’s prescription
By December 2020, decrease the percentage
of University of Nevada, Reno students who
ever took prescription sedatives without a
doctor’s prescription* by 10%.
2012 Baseline
2018 Target
2020 Target
Data Source
5.3% 5.0% 4.8% National College Health
Assessment
*past year
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 43
OBJECTIVE 5.19 Performance Measure: % of UNR students who ever took prescription stimulants without a doctor’s prescription
By December 2020, decrease the percentage
of University of Nevada, Reno students who
ever took prescription stimulants without a
doctor’s prescription* by 10%.
2012 Baseline
2018 Target
2020 Target
Data Source
6.7% 6.4% 6.0% National College Health
Assessment
*past year
OBJECTIVE 5.20 Performance Measure: % of WC high school students who were offered, sold, or given an illegal drug by someone
on school property By December 2019, decrease the percentage
of Washoe County high school students who
were offered, sold, or given an illegal drug by
someone on school property* by 10%.
2013 Baseline
2017 Target
2019 Target
Data Source
33.1% 31.4% 29.8% Youth Risk Behavior Survey
*During the 12 months before the survey
OBJECTIVE 5.21 Performance Measure: % of WC high school students who drove a vehicle when they had been drinking alcohol By December 2019, decrease the percentage
of Washoe County high school students who
drove a vehicle when they had been drinking
alcohol* by 10%.
2013 Baseline
2017 Target
2019 Target
Data Source
11.7% 11.1% 10.5% Youth Risk Behavior Survey
*past 30 days
OBJECTIVE 5.22 Performance Measure: % of WC high school students who rode in a vehicle driven by someone who had been
drinking By December 2019, decrease the percentage
of Washoe County high school students who
rode in a vehicle driven by someone who had
been drinking alcohol* by 10%.
2013 Baseline
2017 Target
2019 Target
Healthy People 2020 Target
Data Source
24.6% 23.4% 22.1% 25.5% YRBS
*past 30 days
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 44
Strategies Lead Organization
Parenting Wisely, an evidence-based prevention program, is administered to 75 parents in Washoe
County. Parenting Wisely is a set of interactive, computer-based training programs for parents of
children 3-18 years of age. Based on social learning, cognitive, behavioral, and family systems theories,
the programs aim to increase parental communication and disciplinary skills.
Washoe County School District
Family Resource Centers
Project Towards No Drug Abuse, an evidence-based program, is administered to 100 high school youth
(ages 12-17) in Washoe County. The curriculum is designed to help students develop self-control and
communication skills, acquire resources that help them resist drug use, improve decision making
strategies, and develop motivation to not use drugs. It is packaged into twelve 40-minute sessions to be
taught by teachers or health educators. The curriculum was developed for high-risk students in
continuation or alternative high schools.
Children’s Cabinet
The Big Brothers Big Sisters Mentoring Program is designed to help participating youth, ages 6-18
(“Littles”) reach their potential through supported matches with adult volunteer mentors ages 18 and
older (“Bigs”). The program focuses on positive youth development, not specific problems, and the Big
acts as a role model and provides guidance to the Little through a relationship that is based on trust and
caring. JTNN is providing pass-through dollars to Big Brothers Big Sisters to support 50 youth, ages 5-11.
Big Brothers Big Sisters of Northern
Nevada
Positive Action, an evidence-based program, is being administered to 50 youth, ages 5-11 in Washoe
County. Positive Action is an integrated and comprehensive program that is designed to improve
academic achievement; school attendance; and problem behaviors such as substance use, violence,
suspensions, disruptive behaviors, dropping out and sexual behavior. It is also designed to improve
parent-child bonding, family cohesion, and family conflict. All materials are based on the same unifying
broad concept (one feels good about oneself when taking positive actions) with six explanatory sub-
concepts (positive actions for the physical, intellectual, social, and emotional areas) .
ACCEPT
Smart Moves and Smart Kids, an evidence-based program, is being administered to 550 youth, ages 5-14,
in Washoe County. Smart Moves and Smart Kids uses a team approach involving Boys and Girls Club
staff, peer leaders, parents, and community representatives. More than simply emphasizing a “say no”
message, the program teaches young people how to say no by involving them in discussion and role
playing, practicing resistance and refusal skills, developing assertiveness, strengthening decision-making
skills, and analyzing media and peer influence.
Boys and Girls Club of the Truckee
Meadows
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 45
Promoting Alternative Thinking Strategies (PATHS), an evidence-based program, is administered to 2000
youth, ages 5-11 within the Washoe County School District. PATHS is a school-based prevention
intervention for children in elementary school. The intervention is designed to enhance areas of social-
emotional development such as self-control, self-esteem, emotional awareness, social skills, friendships,
and interpersonal problem-solving skills while reducing aggression and other behavior problems. Skill
concepts are presented through direct instruction, discussion, modeling, storytelling, role-playing
activities, and video presentations.
Washoe County School District
Teen Intervene, an evidence-based program, is being administered to 30 youth, ages 12-17 in Washoe
County. Teen Intervene is a brief early intervention program for youth who display the early stages of
alcohol or drug involvement. Integrating stages of change theory, motivational enhancement, and
cognitive behavioral therapy, the intervention aims to help teens reduce and ultimately eliminate their
substance use.
Quest Counseling
Alcohol-Wise, an evidence-based program, is being administered to 3,200 University of Nevada, Reno
college students. Alcohol-Wise is a 75-minute online alcohol abuse prevention course designed
specifically for use on college campuses for first-year students to reduce risk for freshman and positively
impact campus culture. Students receive personalized feedback and access to self-referral tools. The
course clarifies personal choices about drinking habits and attitudes, and how alcohol can affect
academic progress and social behavior.
University of Nevada, Reno
Brief Alcohol Screening and Intervention for College Students (BASICS), an evidence-based program, is
being administered to 300 University of Nevada, Reno college students. BASICS is a prevention program
for college students who drink alcohol heavily and have experienced or are at risk for alcohol-related
problems. Following a harm-reduction approach, BASICS aims to motivate students to reduce alcohol use
in order to decrease the negative consequences of drinking. It is delivered over the course of two 1-hour
interviews with a brief online assessment survey taken by the student after the first session. Based on
principles of motivational interviewing, BASICS is delivered in an empathetic, non-confrontational, and
nonjudgmental manner and is aimed at revealing the discrepancy between the student’s risky drinking
behavior and his or her goals and values.
University of Nevada, Reno
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 46
Goal 5 – Objectives 5.1 through 5.22
Description
According to the CHNA, behavioral health presented as the most prominent health concern for Washoe County
residents, especially the use and abuse of injection drugs, alcohol, and tobacco. Substance abuse has a major impact on
individuals, families, and communities. The effects of substance abuse are cumulative, significantly contributing to
costly social, physical, mental, and public health problems. Such problems include, but are not limited to: teenage
pregnancy, HIV/AIDS, STDs, domestic violence, child abuse, motor vehicle crashes, physical fights, crime, homicide, and
suicide. One goal of Healthy People 2020 is to reduce substance abuse to protect the health, safety, and quality of life
for all, especially children14.
Focus groups, key informant interviews, and community member interviews for both the CHNA and CHIP report that
Washoe County’s 24/7 nightlife, the casino and gaming lifestyle, and constant availability of alcohol is problematic for
improving community health.
Rationale
Washoe County has higher rates of alcohol consumption and binge drinking than the rest of Nevada and the nation. In
addition, Washoe County high school students reported drinking and driving, or riding in cars, with intoxicated drivers,
more often than youth nationwide. More than 20% of Washoe County high school students have taken prescription
drugs that were not prescribed to them. Furthermore, patients under the influence of alcohol or drugs accounts for
one-third of emergency room visits in Washoe County during 20133.
Evidence of Effectiveness
Local agencies in Washoe County are currently implementing a variety of evidence-based programs and strategies to
both prevent and treat substance use and abuse in Washoe County. It is the intent of CHIP workgroups to continue and
expand upon these programs. These evidence-based programs are listed in the strategies table on pages 40-41.
Also Addresses Access to Healthcare and Social Services, Education, and Food Security priorities
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 47
Policy Recommendations for Priority Two: Behavioral Health
Support early childhood preventive programs that strengthen families’ ability to promote social and emotional development of their children.
Support the increase of Medicaid reimbursement rates for behavioral health providers.
Reduce the burden of licensing for out-of-state behavioral health providers.
Advocate for evidence-based suicide prevention.
Advocate for improved access to mental health and behavioral health services, including the provision of intervention and stabilization services
for youths in crisis.
Support the development and implementation of school-based health services, including preventive health services for students with behavioral
health needs.
Support state and local efforts to monitor, address, and treat substance abusing pregnant women.
Support the prevention of prescription-drug abuse and other substance abuse, including medication assisted treatment.
Advocate for increased funding for the Nevada Office of Suicide Prevention to coordinate a parent education program and public awareness
campaign about the risk of youth suicide.
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 48
PRIORITY THREE:
Education
(K-12)
The Education infographic provides a snapshot
of some of the primary education issues
affecting Washoe County students.
All Washoe County infographics can be found
at: Washoe County Health District
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 49
GOAL 6: IMPROVE HEALTH OUTCOMES OF WASHOE COUNTY YOUTH THROUGH EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT.
OBJECTIVE 6.1 Performance Measure: High school graduation rate
By December 2020, increase the Washoe
County School District graduation rate by 5%. 2015
Baseline 2018
Target 2020
Target Healthy People
2020 Target Data
Source
75% 76.9% 78.8% 82.4% WCSD
OBJECTIVE 6.1.a Performance Measure: High school graduation rate for black/African American students
By December 2020, increase the Washoe
County School District graduation rate for
black/African American students by 5%.
2015 Baseline
2018 Target
2020 Target
Data Source
66.0% 67.7% 69.3% Washoe County School District
OBJECTIVE 6.1.b Performance Measure: High school graduation rate for Hispanic/Latino students
By December 2020, increase the Washoe
County School District graduation rate for
Hispanic/Latino students by 5%.
2015 Baseline
2018 Target
2020 Target
Data Source
67.0% 68.7% 70.4% Washoe County School District
OBJECTIVE 6.1.c Performance Measure: High school graduation rate for Native American/American Indian students By December 2020, increase the Washoe
County School District graduation rate for
Native American/American Indian
students by 5%.
2015 Baseline
2018 Target
2020 Target
Data Source
52.0% 53.3% 54.6% Washoe County School District
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 50
OBJECTIVE 6.1.d Performance Measure: High school graduation rate for Children in Transition
By December 2020, increase the Washoe
County School District graduation rate for
Children in Transition by 5%.
2015 Baseline
2018 Target
2020 Target
Data Source
53.0% 54.3% 55.7% Washoe County School District
OBJECTIVE 6.1.e Performance Measure: High school graduation rate for children living in poverty
By December 2020, increase the Washoe
County School District graduation rate for
children living in poverty by 5%.
2015 Baseline
2018 Target
2020 Target
Data Source
65.0% 66.5% 68.3% Washoe County School District
OBJECTIVE 6.1.f Performance Measure: High school graduation rate for children enrolled in special education classes By December 2020, increase the Washoe
County School District graduation rate for
students enrolled in Special Education
classes by 100%.
2015 Baseline
2018 Target
2020 Target
Data Source
30.0% 45.0 60.0% Washoe County School District
OBJECTIVE 6.2 Performance Measure: % of WCSD graduates requiring remedial math courses through TMCC By December 2020, decrease the percentage
of Washoe County School District graduates
attending Truckee Meadows Community
College who require remedial math courses by
10%.
2013 Baseline
2018 Target
2020 Target
Data Source
77.0% 73.2% 69.3% Truckee Meadows Tomorrow
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 51
OBJECTIVE 6.3 Performance Measure: % of WCSD graduates requiring remedial English courses through TMCC By December 2020, decrease the percentage
of Washoe County School District graduates
attending Truckee Meadows Community
College who require remedial English courses
by 10%.
2013 Baseline
2018 Target
2020 Target
Data Source
50.0% 47.5% 45.0% Truckee Meadows Tomorrow
OBJECTIVE 6.4 Performance Measure: % of WCSD graduates requiring remedial math courses through UNR By December 2020, decrease the percentage
of Washoe County School District graduates
attending the University of Nevada, Reno who
require remedial math courses by 10%.
2013 Baseline
2018 Target
2020 Target
Data Source
36.0% 34.2% 32.4% Truckee Meadows Tomorrow
OBJECTIVE 6.5 Performance Measure: % of WCSD graduates requiring remedial English courses through UNR By December 2020, decrease the percentage
of Washoe County School District graduates
attending the University of Nevada, Reno who
require remedial English courses by 10%.
2013 WC Baseline
2018 Target
2020 Target
Data Source
14.0% 13.3% 12.6% Truckee Meadows Tomorrow
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 52
Strategies Lead Organization
Create a professional development plan to increase the capacity of co-teaching among classroom
teachers and special education teachers for students with disabilities. Partnerships with UNR and High
Sierra Industries will be strengthened to address teacher shortages and improved teaching
methodologies for special education students, to include a focus on children with autism.
Washoe County School District
Student Support Services
Engage businesses and community organizations to establish school partnerships, advocate for resources,
and to link schools and students with resources that provide the skills and knowledge needed for college
and career readiness. Each WCSD school will have at least one signed partnership agreement with a
community organization or business.
Education Alliance
Expand the number of schools with a Communities in Schools program to position coordinators inside
Washoe County schools to assess student needs and provide resources to help them succeed in the
classroom and in life.
Communities in Schools
Senate Bill No. 391 (March 2015) requires the board of trustees at each school district and the governing
body of each charter school to prepare a plan to improve the literacy of pupils enrolled in certain grades;
requiring the principal of each public elementary school to designate a learning strategist to train and
assist teachers in providing intensive instruction to students who have been identified as deficient in the
subject area of reading; requiring certain teachers at public schools to complete professional
development concerning the area of reading; requiring certain interventions for pupils enrolled in
kindergarten or grade 1, 2, or 3 who do not achieve adequate proficiency in reading; prohibiting a public
school from promoting a student to grade 4 if the student does not achieve proficiency in reading;
making an appropriation; and providing other matters properly relating thereto.
State: State of Nevada
Local: Washoe County School
District
UWNNS supports three partnerships that collectively enhance social-emotional development and
beginning literacy in children birth to five, and build on solid reading skills in kids ages five to eight
(emphasizing phonics, comprehension, fluency and vocabulary) – on track to read at grade level at the
end of third grade.
United Way of Northern Nevada
and the Sierra
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 53
Goal 6 – Objectives 6.1 through 6.5
Description Higher annual incomes, better perceived general health status, and fewer poor mental health days are found to directly
correlate with higher educational attainment3 – and is why education is considered a social determinant of health.
Rationale
The Washoe County School District cohort graduation rate for the Class of 2015 was the highest ever for Washoe
County, at 75%15. Over the past several years, the WCSD has made significant strides in improving graduation rates for
Washoe County students, though Washoe County still falls below the national average of 81%16. In addition, certain
groups continue to have very low graduation rates, especially African Americans, Hispanics, English language learners
(ELL), and students with disabilities3. Although funding has increased over the past ten school years from $6,025 per
student in the 2003-2004 school year to $8,635 in 2012-2013, expenditures have totaled $4,000 less per student than
the US average. Federal and state funding for WCSD has increased, while the share of county funds to support the
education system has decreased. Less funding forces the District and our teachers to do more with less3. According to
Washoe Ready for Life, convened by the Nevada Public Education Foundation, in 2008, more than 19,500 students
dropped out of Nevada high schools; the lost lifetime earnings total more than $5.1 billion. Because high school
dropouts are likely to stay in the region, taking lower skill and lower paying jobs, northern Nevada businesses also pay
the price of training basic job skills17. According to Education Week’s State Facts at a glance, Nevada’s Quality Counts
state grade is a D+, which isn’t surprising since the state ranks last in the nation for school funding support. In their
most recent 2013 report, Nevada still received a D17.
Evidence of Effectiveness
Compared to people who have had some college, college graduates in Washoe County reported: better perceived
general health status; fewer poor mental health days; less likely to be overweight or obese; less likely to smoke
cigarettes; less likely to be unemployed; more likely to be insured; higher rates of immunization; and earn a higher
annual income3.
Also Addresses Access to Healthcare and Social Services, Behavioral Health, and Food Security priorities
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 54
GOAL 7: SUPPORT STUDENT HEALTH, WELLNESS AND ACHIEVEMENT THROUGH NUTRITIOUS EATING HABITS AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY.
OBJECTIVE 7.1 Performance Measure: Adoption of a Student Wellness Policy; Implementation of Policy By December 2017, the Washoe County
School District will adopt a Student Wellness
Policy that meets state and federal
requirements for nutrition and physical
activity.
2015 Baseline
2017 Target
2020 Target
Data Source
No adopted policy
Policy adopted Implement
Policy WCSD Wellness Policy Committee
Strategies Lead Organization
Maintain a Wellness Advisory Committee. Washoe County School District
Designate a Wellness Coordinator to facilitate implementation of the Student Wellness Policy. Washoe County School District
Demonstrate compliance with the Student Wellness Policy. Washoe County School District
Select and report on goals related to nutrition promotion and education, physical activity, and other
school-based activities that promote student wellness. Washoe County School District
OBJECTIVE 7.2 Performance Measure: % of Title 1 schools with Provision 2 or Community Eligible status
By December 2020, increase the percentage of
Title 1 schools with Provision 2 or Community
Eligibility status to 100%.
2015 WC Baseline 2020 WC Target
Data Source
73% 100% WCSD
Strategies Lead Organization
The Nutrition Services Department (NSD) will increase participation while reducing application burdens
(to once every four years) for students from low income families. NSD will provide “Breakfast in the
Classroom” to all Provision 2 and/or Community Eligibility schools.
Washoe County School District
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 55
OBJECTIVE 7.3 Performance Measure: # of Title 1 schools with Girls on the Run programming
By June 30, 2018, increase the number of Title
I schools with Girls on the Run programming
by 466%.
2015 Baseline
2018 Target
Data Source
3 14 Girls on the Run - Sierras
OBJECTIVE 7.3.a. Performance Measure: # of WC adolescent girls participating in the Girls on the Run program
By June 30, 2018, provide the Girls on the
Run program to 500 adolescent girls
annually.
2015 Baseline
2018 Target
Data Source
307 (218 in WC) 500 (400 in WC) Girls on the Run - Sierras
Strategies Lead Organization
Renown Health and Girls on the Run – Sierras are partnering to expand the Girls on the Run program
which focuses on physical activity and social/emotional well-being for girls in third through eighth grades. Girls on the Run - Sierras
OBJECTIVE 7.4 Performance Measure: # of Washoe County elementary classrooms piloting Coaches Challenge By June 30, 2017, the University of Nevada,
Reno’s Coaches Challenge program will be
piloted in at least 20 elementary school
classrooms within Washoe County.
2015 Baseline
2017 Target
Data Source
0 20 Washoe County Health District
OBJECTIVE 7.4.a Performance Measure: % increase in physical activity By June 30, 2017, Washoe County
elementary students who complete Coaches Challenge will report at least a 20% increase in physical activity compared with their behaviors prior to participating in the program.
2015 Baseline
2017 Target
Data Source
TBD at start of program 20% increase over
baseline Washoe County Health District
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 56
OBJECTIVE 7.4.b Performance Measure: % increase in nutritious eating By June 30, 2017, Washoe County
elementary students who complete
Coaches Challenge will report at least a
20% increase in nutritious eating
compared with their behaviors prior to
participating in the program.
2015 Baseline
2017 Target
Data Source
TBD at start of program 20% increase over
baseline Washoe County Health District
Strategies Lead Organization
Washoe County Health District’s Chronic Disease Prevention Program and the University of Nevada
Athletics will collaborate to pilot the four-week UNR Coaches Challenge program to elementary school
classrooms in Washoe County.
Washoe County Health District
Chronic Disease Prevention
Program
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 57
Goal 7 – Objectives 7.1 through 7.4
Description
The Washoe County School District and community partners are committed to improving the health and well-being of
Washoe County youth through improved partnerships and through a greater number of innovative school district and
community programs.
Rationale
Less than 25% of Washoe County adolescents and adults meet daily physical activity recommendations, and Washoe
County high school students reported being physically active less than high school students across the US. Furthermore,
less than 30% of Washoe County youth receive the recommended daily fruit and vegetable intake. Washoe County
obesity rates are increasing, which contributes to higher healthcare costs. In 2011, more than 3,000 Washoe County
residents who were hospitalized were overweight or obese, with a total hospital bill of $168.5 million. Obese persons
spend 36% more on healthcare than a person of normal weight; this is 15% more than smokers and 14% more than
heavy drinkers3.
Evidence of Effectiveness
Good nutrition, physical activity, and a healthy body weight are essential parts of a person’s overall health and well-
being. Together, these can help decrease a person’s risk of developing serious health conditions, such as high blood
pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and cancer. A healthy diet, regular physical activity, and
achieving and maintaining a healthy weight also are paramount to managing health conditions so they do not worsen
over time18.
Also Addresses Behavioral Health and Food Security priorities
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 58
Policy Recommendations for Priority Three: Education (K-12)
Promote and support healthy lifestyle programs and policies in schools and child care settings, including efforts to improve access and
opportunities for physical activity, increase consumption of nutritious meals and adherence to nutrition standards at school, and advance the
movement towards requirements for quality physical education class time that meet national guidelines.
Support efforts to collect and report data on student health and wellness by school districts, including annual body-mass index data collection.
Support the implementation of evidence-based comprehensive sexual education and standards by school districts.
Support efforts to promote and establish physical education as a requirement for elementary school students.
By recognizing the fundamental relationship between educational attainment and health outcomes, support increased investments in K-12
education and higher education in Nevada.
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 59
PRIORITY FOUR:
Food
Security
The Food Security infographic provides a
snapshot of some of the primary food
insecurity issues affecting Washoe County.
All Washoe County infographics can be found
at: Washoe County Health District
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 60
GOAL 8: IMPLEMENT PROGRAMS THAT ADDRESS THE IMMEDIATE NEED FOR FOOD AND PROMOTE LONG-TERM HEALTH AND FOOD SECURITY IN HOUSEHOLDS AND COMMUNITIES.
OBJECTIVE 8.1 Performance Measure: Food Security Needs Assessment developed By June 30, 2016, conduct a community needs
assessment in the 89502 zip code with the
goal of better understanding the role of food
banks and their partners in a structured
approach to achieve community-based
outcomes that improve family stability.
2015 Baseline
2016 Target
Data Source
Not developed Developed Collaborating for Clients
Accountability Team
OBJECTIVE 8.2 Performance Measure: Plan for improving outcomes designed By June 30, 2017, design a plan for improving
outcomes identified through the community
needs assessment process (identified in
Objective 8.1), including the identification of
interventions that draw from the best
available evidence base.
2015 Baseline
2016 Target
Data Source
Not designed Designed Collaborating for Clients
Accountability Team
OBJECTIVE 8.3 Performance Measure: Evaluation and data plan designed
By June 30, 2017, design an evaluation and
data collection plan for those interventions
identified in Objective 8.2.
2015 Baseline
2017 Target
Data Source
Not designed Designed Collaborating for Clients
Accountability Team
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 61
OBJECTIVE 8.4 Performance Measure: Interventions implemented
By June 30, 2018, implement interventions
identified in Objective 8.2 and assess
outcomes utilizing the evaluation plan in
Objective 8.3.
2015 Baseline
2018 Target
Data Source
Not implemented Implemented Collaborating for Clients
Accountability Team
Strategies Lead Organization
Adhere to Collaborating for Clients (C4C) grant Work Plan. Food Bank of Northern Nevada and
Social Entrepreneurs, Inc.
C4C Accountability Team will meet bi-weekly and participate in regular grant conference calls to ensure
grant objectives are met. Social Entrepreneurs, Inc.
Gather information via PhotoVoice to determine needs of the 89502 community. PhotoVoice’s mission is to build skills within disadvantaged and marginalised communities. To achieve this, PhotoVoice utilizes innovative participatory photography and digital storytelling methods. These skills enable individuals to represent themselves and create tools for advocacy and communication. Through this, and through developing partnerships, positive social change can occur.
C4C PhotoVoice subcommittee
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 62
Goal 8 – Objectives 8.1 through 8.4
Description
Washoe County was one of only five communities in the United States to receive a grant from the Laura and John Arnold
Foundation totaling more than $500,000 (includes match). The grant was the result of numerous organizations coming
together through the Truckee Meadows Healthy Communities initiative, and is a direct result of a need identified in the
CHNA. The grant will focus on outcomes related to food security, which include health, housing, employment/income,
and education.
Rationale
Economic stability, a social determinant of health, impacts food security. In Washoe County, the number of people
reliant on federal and public nutrition support is at an all-time high3. According to the Nevada Department of Health
and Human Services, difficult economic conditions in Nevada have led to an increase in the number of households that
are food insecure, meaning that they do not have access at all times to enough food for an active, healthy life for all
household members.
Child food insecurity is particularly troubling because children who are poorly nourished are less able to fight off
illnesses. Studies show that these children are less able to focus in school; about one in four children living in Nevada
are food insecure19. In Washoe County, 42.7% of all students during the 2013/2014 school year were eligible for the free
and reduced lunch program. However, only two-thirds of those eligible participated in the lunch program and even
fewer participated in the breakfast program3.
Evidence of Effectiveness
Interventions identified in Objective 8.2 above will be evidence-based.
Also Addresses Access to Healthcare and Social Services, Behavioral Health, and Education priorities
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 63
GOAL 8: IMPLEMENT PROGRAMS THAT ADDRESS THE IMMEDIATE NEED FOR FOOD AND PROMOTE LONG-TERM HEALTH AND FOOD SECURITY IN HOUSEHOLDS AND COMMUNITIES.
OBJECTIVE 8.5 Performance Measure: Development of a Strategic Plan; Implementation of a Strategic Plan
By December 31, 2016, develop a Washoe
County Community Garden Plan to identify
goals, objectives and strategies for Community
Gardens in low-income neighborhoods.
2015 WC Baseline
2016 WC Target
2018 WC Target
Data Source
No Plan Plan Developed Plan
Implemented TBD by CHIP Food Security
Workgroup
Strategies Lead Organization
Identify communities that need and are interested in starting a community garden. Establish
relationships with these communities and existing programs or local businesses that can support these
efforts through funding or other resources. TBD by CHIP Food Security Workgroup Study existing zoning regulations that are relevant to community and home gardening.
Develop a plan for starting a community garden.
Start a community garden in a low-income community.
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 64
Goal 8 – Objective 8.5
Description
Community gardens are collaborative projects created by members of a community in which participants share both the
maintenance and the products of the garden, including fruits and vegetables. Gardens can be located in a park or a
community lot. Community gardens can be managed by neighborhood residents, community-based organizations,
government agencies, or coalitions. Gardens can also be incorporated into school curricula20.
Rationale
Lack of access to nutritional foods in low-income communities has led to poor diets which are high in caloric intake but
inadequate in nutrients. One important step towards stemming chronic diseases linked to poor or inadequate diets is
ensuring access to healthy, nutritious foods in the most vulnerable communities. Community gardens supplement food
security efforts by increasing the availability of nutritious foods to low-income urban residents. Additional benefits of
community gardens include: environmental benefits such as turning vacant parcels into resources; reductions in crime,
vandalism, and health care costs; promotion of neighborhood clean-up and watch efforts; as well as increased social
cohesion21.
Evidence of Effectiveness
An evaluation of a large urban gardening project found that gardeners reported a higher consumption of specific
vegetables and a lower consumption of milk, citrus, and sweet foods and drinks than non-gardeners. Focus groups
conducted with inner-city youth revealed that those involved in garden programs reported more willingness to eat
healthy food and try unfamiliar food than those not involved in a program. Other studies have found an association
between gardening and fruit and vegetable consumption, even when gardening activity occurred in the past20.
Also Addresses Behavioral Health and Education priorities
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 65
GOAL 9: ENHANCE HOME-DELIVERED MEAL PROGRAMS TO SENIORS TO KEEP ON PACE WITH THE RISING SENIOR POPULATION.
OBJECTIVE 9.1 Performance Measure: # of meals needed to meet the needs of the WC senior population
By June 30, 2016, reduce the gap in the
number of meals served to seniors residing in
Washoe County by 29%.
2015 Baseline
2016 Target
Data Source
114,000 81,000 Washoe County Senior Services
Strategies Lead Organization
Utilize an increase in grant funding for Washoe County to purchase and deliver additional meals to the
homebound senior population. Washoe County Senior Services
Partner with organizations such as the Food Bank of Northern Nevada to distribute food. Washoe County Senior Services
Participate in Senior Farmer’s Market program to provide an increase in fresh produce. Washoe County Senior Services
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 66
Goal 9 – Objective 9.1
Description The Washoe County senior population is rapidly growing as baby boomers age. Currently, there are 76,000 seniors living
in Washoe County (13% of the population), and this number is expected to grow to 130,000 senior residents by 20303.
Rationale
A primary goal of Washoe County government is to keep senior services on pace with the rising senior population, to
include ensuring seniors receive adequate food/nutrition. During one-on-one interviews with seniors in Washoe
County, it was reported that they do not have adequate funds to pay for food due to a fixed income and high medical
bills.
Evidence of Effectiveness
Studies show that a good diet in later years reduces risk of osteoporosis, high blood pressure, heart disease, and certain
cancers22.
Also Addresses Behavioral Health priority
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 67
Policy Recommendations for Priority Four: Food Security
Promote and support community environments conducive to healthy eating and active living, including built environments that integrate
physical activity into daily life, increase access to healthy foods, and eliminate food deserts.
Increase consumption of nutritious meals and nutrition standards at school.
Support an increase in minimum wage and address living wage laws.
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 68
Appendices
The following appendices are included within the CHIP:
Appendix One: Acronyms
Appendix Two: Planning Process
Appendix Three: Community Assets and Resources
Appendix Four: References
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 69
Appendix One: Acronyms
ACA Affordable Care Act
ADA Americans with Disabilities Act
BASICS Brief Alcohol Screening and Intervention for College Students
BRFSS Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System
CDC Centers for Disease Control
CHA Community Health Alliance
CHIP Community Health Improvement Plan
CHNA Community Health Needs Assessment
CHP Community Health Program
CSA Community Services Agency
ED Educational Development
ELL English Language Learners
ER Emergency Room
FBNN Food Bank of Northern Nevada
I&R Information and Referral
LHI Leading Health Indicator
MAPP Mobilizing for Action through Planning and Partnerships
MDEs Major Depressive Episodes
MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
NACCHO National Association of County and City Health Officials
NIMH National Institute of Mental Health
NN HOPES Northern Nevada HOPES
NSD Nutrition Services Department
NYEP Nevada Youth Empowerment Project
PATHS Promoting Alternative Thinking Strategies
RTC Reno Transportation Commission
SAMHSA Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
SMI Serious Mental Illness
SNAP Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
SOS Signs of Suicide
TMT Truckee Meadows Tomorrow
UNR University of Nevada Reno
UWNNS United Way of Northern Nevada and the Sierra
WCHD Washoe County Health District
WCSD Washoe County School District
WIC Women, Infants and Children
YRBS Youth Risk Behavior Survey
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 70
Appendix Two: Planning Process
Community Health Improvement Plan Steering Committee
In May 2015, a CHIP Steering Committee was formed to work in partnership with the Washoe
County Health District to serve an advisory role in community health improvement decisions and
processes. The end goal of the committee was to develop a Community Health Improvement Plan
that would assist in improving the overall health and quality of life for Washoe County residents.
Over a period of eight months, the CHIP Steering Committee provided recommendations to Health
District leadership regarding the following:
Identification of priority health issues in Washoe County
Validation of priority health issues with Washoe County residents and community partners
Determination of root causes for each priority health issue
Development of CHIP Action Plans via community interviews and workgroups
Washoe County Health Priorities
In May 2015, the CHIP Steering Committee met for the first time to discuss the health needs and
service gaps identified in the Washoe County Community Health Needs Assessment. In June and
July 2015, the CHIP Steering Committee utilized the data in the CHNA to identify the following four
health priorities for Washoe County:
Access to Healthcare and Social Services
Behavioral Health Education (K-12) Food Security
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 71
Health Priority Selection Process
The CHIP Steering Committee used a five step process to select the four health priorities for
Washoe County.
STEP
1
REVIEWED and ANALYZED the QUANTITATIVE DATA contained in the
Community Health Needs Assessment.
STEP
2
REVIEWED and ANALYZED the QUALITATATIVE DATA contained in the
Community Health Needs Assessment.
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 72
STEP
3
CREATED twenty-one INFOGRAPHICS to
ORGANIZE the key DATA.
Those issues identified as a priority by
community members were marked with a
COMMUNITY PRIORITY STAMP.
STEP
4
NARROWED PRIORITY HEALTH ISSUES using the Dotmocracy process. All
infographics were hung on the walls of a conference room. The CHIP Steering
Committee members were given nine sticker dots each (three red, three blue,
and three yellow):
red dots, worth three points each, were placed next to those health topics
believed to be of highest priority
blue dots, worth two points each were placed next to those health topics
believed to be of second highest priority
yellow dots, worth one point each, were placed next to those health topics
believed to be of third highest priority
Those health
issues with the
highest scores
made it past the
first priority
selection
process. These
health issues
included: Access
to Healthcare
and Social
Services
Alcohol and Drugs: Built Environment: education; Food Security; Income/Poverty; Mental Health; and Obesity/Physical Activity.
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 73
STEP
5
Grid analysis was then utilized by the CHIP Steering Committee to SELECT THE
TOP HEALTH PRIORITIES FOR WASHOE COUNTY. The eight priorities selected
during the Dotmocracy process were scored based on the following:
importance to community members as identified by the qualitative data that
was discussed in Step Two
the current opportunities and available assets that exist within Washoe
County
the severity of the health issue as identified by quantitative and qualitative
data in the Community Health Needs Assessment
the number of people affected by a particular health issue
how much the data suggested a need for improvement
Through the
grid analysis
process,
those
health
issues
receiving
the highest
scores
(Access to
Healthcare
and Social
Services,
Education,
Food
Security,
and Mental
Health*)
were then
validated by community members and community partners: 99 community
members were interviewed or surveyed; 34 community partners completed
surveys; 15 community partners participated in key informant interviews; and 40
community partners participated in workgroups.
*Through this validation process, it was determined that community members
and partners preferred that the “Mental Health” priority terminology be changed
to “Behavioral Health.”
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 74
Community Health Improvement Workgroups
Once the validation process for the four health priorities was complete, Washoe County and
State partners took part in nine workgroup sessions to develop action plans for each health
priority identified in the CHIP. Workgroup members utilized data from the CHNA, community
member surveys, community partner surveys, key informant interviews, and
personal/professional experience to build the action plans. Those agencies who participated in
one or more of the nine workgroup sessions are identified below. These agencies, and others
who were unable to attend the workgroup sessions for action plan development, will continue
to meet to begin implementation of strategies beginning in 2016.
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 75
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 76
If you would like to join one of the Health Priority Workgroups, please e-mail
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 77
Mobilizing for Action Through Planning and Partnerships
The National Association of County and City
Health Officials (NACCHO), in cooperation with
the Public Health Practice Program Office of the
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC), developed a community-driven strategic
planning approach to improving the health of
communities nationwide. This nationally
recognized strategic planning approach is titled,
“Mobilizing for Action through Planning and
Partnerships” (MAPP), and provides a
framework to assist communities in applying strategic thinking when prioritizing public health
issues and identifying resources to address them. The MAPP process was utilized as a
framework when developing both the CHNA and CHIP.
The MAPP process includes six phases:
Phase One: Organizing – the purpose of this phase is to structure a planning process that
builds commitment, engages participants as active partners, uses participants time well, and
results in a plan that can be realistically implemented.
Phase Two: Visioning – guides the community through a collaborative, creative process that
leads to a shared community vision.
Phase Three: Assessments – the four MAPP assessments include: Community Themes and
Strengths Assessment; Local Public Health System Assessment; Community Health Status
Assessment; and the Forces of Change Assessment.
Phase Four: Strategic Issues – development of an ordered list of the most important health
issues facing the community.
Phase Five: Goals/Strategies – formulation of goal statements related to the priority health
issues and the strategies to achieve those goals.
Phase Six: Action Cycle – implementation of the action for addressing priority goals and
objectives.
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 78
Appendix Three: Community Assets and Resources
The following community assets and resources were taken from the Community Health Needs
Assessment for the four health priorities identified in the CHIP.
Access to Healthcare and Social Services
Assets
Access to Healthcare Network (AHN): AHN provides low-income individuals and families as well as
undocumented immigrants with access to medical treatment at greatly reduced prices with its Medical
Discount Program. AHN also offers free preventive care, including mammograms, pap smears, colon
cancer screenings and more, to low-income individuals and families through its Women’s Health
Connection program and other grant funding. Recently, AHN opened a children’s hematology oncology
practice, Sierra Pediatric Blood and Cancer Specialists, for the children of Northern Nevada.
Community Health Alliance (CHA): A reorganization of two formerly existing healthcare providers in the
areas, combined to form CHA in 2012. CHA has seven health centers and four mobile units in the Reno-
Sparks area offering primary care, women’s health care, chronic disease management, behavioral
health, WIC, labs/x-rays, and dental care. CHA accepts most insurance plans, including Medicaid, Nevada
Check Up and Medicare. For the uninsured, CHA allows all visits to be paid for on an income-based
sliding fee.
Northern Nevada HOPES (NN HOPES): NN HOPES, founded in 1997, is an integrated community health
center located in downtown Reno offering a range of comprehensive services including primary care,
chronic disease management, women’s health services, harm reduction and outreach, behavioral
health, social services and an on-site pharmacy and nutritionist.
Northern Nevada Medical Center (NNMC): NNMC is a 108-bed acute-care hospital in Sparks.
Regional Emergency Medical Services Authority (REMSA): REMSA has an innovative and successful
Community Health Program in place. It’s aimed at improving access to appropriate care and decreasing
overall healthcare costs by training community paramedics, transporting patients to alternative care
sites instead of the ER and encouraging people to utilize a nurse hotline to determine appropriate entry
in to the medical system.
Renown Health: Renown Health is a not-for-profit healthcare network with three acute-care hospitals,
as well as a large network of medical groups and urgent care centers throughout the Truckee Meadows.
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 79
Saint Mary’s Regional Medical Center (SMRMC): SMRMC is a 308-bed acute-care hospital in downtown
Reno.
Resources
Organization Type Website Phone Number
CARE Chest of Sierra Nevada
Medical Supplies
http://www.carechest.org 775-829-2273
Circle of Life Community Hospice
Medical http://www.colhospice.com/about.html 775-827-2298
Community Health Alliance Medical &
Dental http://www.chanevada.org/ 775-329-6300
Nevada Diabetes Association
Medical Supplies
http://diabetesnv.org/programs-services/
775 856-3839
Nevada Urban Indians, Inc. Medical http://www.nevadaurbanindians.org/ 775-788-7600
Northern Nevada HOPES Medical http://www.nnhopes.org/ 775 786-4673
Reno-Sparks Indian Tribal Health Center
Medical & Dental
http://www.rsic.org/rsic-services/reno-sparks-tribal-health-center/
775-329-5162
St. Mary's Low Cost Clinic Medical http://www.saintmarysmedicalgroup.co
m/Medical-Services/Clinic-at-Walmart.aspx
775-770-7664
The Healthcare Center, Renown
Medical http://www.renown.org 775 982-5000
TMCC Dental Clinic Dental http://www.tmcc.edu/dental-hygiene/dental-hygiene-clinic-
information/
775-673-8247
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 80
Behavioral Health
Assets
Community Health Alliance also provides mental and behavioral health services to low-income patients.
Crossroads: Washoe County Social Services and Catholic Charities of Northern Nevada have been
proactive in managing serial inebriants through the Crossroads program. The program provides housing
and substance abuse/mental health services for those who would otherwise revolve through the County
jail and court system.
Join Together Northern Nevada (JTNN): JTNN is a nonprofit substance abuse coalition working with
agencies and community members to address substance-abuse-related issues in Washoe County. JTNN
currently supports programs offered through ACCEPT, Big Brothers Big Sisters, Boys and Girls Club of
Truckee Meadows, Children’s Cabinet, Quest Counseling and Consulting, University of Nevada Reno,
and Washoe County School District Family Resource Center.
The Mobile Outreach Safety Team (MOST) is comprised of law enforcement and social workers and is
dispatched during the weekdays for triage and crisis intervention.
Mojave Mental Health provides mental and behavioral health services to low-income patients.
Northern Nevada Adult Mental Health Service (NNAMHS): NNAMHS in Sparks offers inpatient services
for adults with mental illness and co-occurring disorders. Its outpatient services include a medication
clinic and psychosocial rehabilitation groups. The facility also provides walk-in assessments and up to 72
hours of crisis intervention; its Rapid Stabilization Unit provides beds for 10 patients and another 20 for
inpatient psychiatric care. NNAMHS team members assist in case management at the community level.
Northern Nevada HOPES also provides mental and behavioral health services to low-income patients.
The Reno Police Department, Sparks Police Department, Washoe County Sherriff’s Office, Drug
Enforcement Agency, Waste Management and several pharmacies have partners in prescription drug
round-up programs.
Renown Behavioral Health Services provides outpatient assessment and a variety of treatment
modalities. The Partial Hospitalization Program serves as an alternative to inpatient care. Its nurses
provide case management, group and individual counseling, detoxification and addiction rehabilitation
services, as well as psychiatric medication management for stabilization of mental health and co-
occurring disorders. Intensive Outpatient Programs serve adults who need mental health education,
coping skills or addiction rehabilitation treatment. Two clinic locations offer traditional outpatient
behavioral healthcare such as individual therapy, marriage and family therapy, medication management,
and psychological testing in addition to child and adolescent services. Renown Behavioral Health’s
professionals provide consultations 24/7 at Renown’s two emergency rooms, Main and South Meadows,
to help determine inpatient referral or follow-up care for those presenting with mental health needs or
addiction.
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 81
REMSA has a community paramedic program that provides triage and pre-hospital care and collaborates
with other providers such as NNAMHS and West Care Community Triage to transport directly to non-
emergency room resources.
Senior Bridges, located within Northern Nevada Medical Center, provides inpatient and outpatient care
for adults age 50 and older.
VA Sierra Nevada Health Care System (VA): Veterans may receive inpatient and outpatient mental
health services at the VA, including outreach and case management programs for homeless veterans in
need of psychiatric and substance abuse services.
West Care Community Triage Center (West Care): West Care provides temporary housing for members
of the uninsured population in need of medically supervised substance abuse detoxification or brief
mental health crisis stabilization.
West Hills Hospital is a freestanding psychiatric facility providing assessment and both inpatient and
outpatient psychiatric care to children, adolescents and adults. The hospital also provides detoxification
inpatient and outpatient chemical dependency rehabilitation services.
Resources
Organization Type Website Phone Number
A Safe Embrace Counseling http://www.safeembrace.org/ 775-322-3466
ACCEPT Drug and
Alcohol Ed. http://www.acceptonline.org/conta
ct.php
775-786-5886
Alliance Family Services Substance
Abuse Counseling
http://www.alliancefamilyservices.com
775-337-2394
American Comprehensive Counseling Services
Counseling http://www.accsnv.net/ 775-356-0371
American Comprehensive Counseling Services
Substance Abuse
Counseling http://www.accsnv.net/ 775-356-0371
Behavioral Health at Renown
Clinical Substance
Abuse
http://www.renown.org/behavioralhealth
775 982-5318
Bristlecone Family Resources
Clinical Substance
Abuse http://www.bristleconereno.com 775-954-1400
Casa de Vida Sexual Health
http://www.casadevidareno.org 775-329-1070
Center for Behavioral Health Nevada
Clinical Substance
Abuse
http://centerforbehavioralhealth.com/treatment-centers/nevada/#reno
775-829-4472
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 82
Organization Type Website Phone Number
Center for Hope of the Sierras
Counseling www.centerforhopeofthesierras.co
m
866-690-7242
CEP (Counseling and Educational Psychology)
Downing Counseling Clinic Counseling
http://www.unr.edu/education/centers/downing-clinic
775-682-5515
Child Adolescent and Family Counseling Center
Substance Abuse
Counseling
http://www.childfamilycounselingreno.com
775-826-1002
Children's Cabinet Youth http://www.childrenscabinet.org/ 775 856-6200
Committee to Aid Abused Women (CAAW)
Counseling http://caaw.org/ 775-329-4150
Crisis Pregnancy Center Sexual Health
https://crisispregnancyreno.com/ 775-826-5144
Family Counseling Service Substance
Abuse Counseling
http://www.fcsnv.org/ 775-329-0623
Family Counseling Service Sexual Health
http://www.fcsnv.org/ 775-329-0623
Footprints Counseling Service
Substance Abuse
Counseling
http://vitalityunlimited.org/Home.shtml
775-322-3668
Human Behavior Institute Clinical
Substance Abuse
http://www.hbinetwork.com/ 775 324-1600
Inter-Tribal Council of Nevada (ITCN)
Domestic Violence
http://www.itcn.org/ 775-355-0600
Join Together Northern Nevada
Substance Abuse
Prevention http://www.jtnn.org/ 775 324-7557
Life Change Center Clinical
Substance Abuse
http://www.tlccreno.org/ 775-355-7734
McGee Center Youth http://www.washoecounty.us/juven
ilesvs/McGee.html
775 856-4600
Mojave Adult, Child and Family Services
Counseling & Clinical
http://www.mojave.org 775 334-3033
Northern Nevada Adult Mental Health Services
(NNAMHS) Clinical
https://uwayreno.communityos.org/zf/profile/service/id/3425
775-688-2001
Northern Nevada HOPES Substance
Abuse Counseling
http://www.nnhopes.org/ 775 786-4673
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 83
Organization Type Website Phone Number
Northern Nevada Intergroup of Alcoholics
Anonymous
Community Support Group
http://www.nnig.org/ 775-355-1151
Northern Nevada Outreach Team
Sexual/Rep-roductive
Health
https://www.washoecounty.us/health/programs-and-
services/preventive-health/sexual-health-program.php
775-328-6147
Nevada Urban Indians, Inc. Substance
Abuse Counseling
http://www.nevadaurbanindians.org/
775-788-7600
Planned Parenthood 5th Street Clinic
Sexual Health
http://www.plannedparenthood.org/health-
center/centerDetails.asp?f=2262
775 688-5555
Pregnancy Connection (WCHD)
Sexual Health
http://www.washoecounty.us/teenhealthmall
775-328-2470
Project ReStart, Inc. Clinical &
Counseling http://www.restartreno.org/ 775-324-2622
Project ReStart, Inc. Substance
Abuse Counseling
http://www.restartreno.org/ 775-324-2622
Quest Counseling http://questreno.com/ 775-786-6880
Quest Counseling Substance
Abuse Counseling
http://questreno.com/ 775-786-6880
Reno Community Triage Center
Clinical Substance
Abuse
https://www.westcare.com/page/where-we-serve_NV_01d
775-348-8811
Reno Sparks Indian Colony Social Services
Substance Abuse
Counseling
http://www.rsic.org/rsic-services/reno-sparks-tribal-health-
center/
775-329-5071
Reno Triangle Club Community
Support Group
http://renotriangleclub.com/Reno_Triangle_Club/Mission.html
775-324-7977
Reno-Sparks Gospel Mission, Inc.
Substance Abuse
Counseling http://www.rsgm.org/ 775 323-0386
Reno-Sparks Indian Colony Social Services
Substance Abuse
Counseling
http://www.rsic.org/rsic-services/reno-sparks-tribal-health-
center/
775-329-5162
Renown Pregnancy Center Sexual Health
http://www.renown.org/ 775-982-5640
Ridge House Substance
Abuse Counseling
http://www.ridgehouse.org/ 775-322-8941
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 84
Organization Type Website Phone Number
Safe Harbors of Nevada Substance
Abuse Counseling
http://www.safeharborsofnv.com/ 775-337-6777
Salvation Army Substance
Abuse Counseling
http://www.gosalarmy.org/deloro/reno
775-688-4555
STEP 1
Clinical Substance Abuse and Counseling
http://step1inc.org/ 775-329-9830
STEP 2
Clinical Substance Abuse and Counseling
and Domestic Violence
http://step2reno.org/ 775-787-9411
Suicide Prevention Hotline Counseling http://www.crisiscallcenter.org/ 775-784-8090
Teen Health Mall (WCHD) Sexual Health
http://www.washoecounty.us/health/cchs/thm.html
775-328-2470
Vestige Project Community Based Mental Health
Services
Counseling & Clinical
www.vestigeproject.com 775-825-3043
Victims of Crime Treatment Center
Sexual Health
http://www.sexualassaulthelp.info 775-682-8680
Victims of Violent Crime Violent Crime
http://voc.nv.gov/ 775-688-2900
West Hills Hospital Clinical
Substance Abuse
http://www.westhillshospital.net/ 775-323-0478
Willow Springs Clinical
Substance Abuse
http://willowspringscenter.com/about/
775-858-3303
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 85
Education
Assets
The Career College of Northern Nevada provides extensive professional career training and education.
Northern Nevada Literacy Council (NNLC): NNLC provides free classes for adult learners, and assists adults with obtaining their Certificate of High School Equivalency if they did not graduate high school. They also offer English as a Second Language classes provide job training.
Sierra Nevada Job Corp provides students with the skills needed to succeed in today’s workforce.
RISE Academy for Adult Achievement (RISE): RISE provides innovative and flexible programs for adults to receive their Certificate of High School Equivalency if they did not graduate high school. Students graduate to be career and college ready.
Truckee Meadows Community College (TMCC): TMCC is a community college serving more than 25,000 students each year.
University of Nevada, Reno (UNR): UNR is a Tier 1 University, and offers a variety of undergraduate and graduate programs.
Washoe County School District (WCSD): WCSD is Washoe County’s public K-12 school system.
Resources
Organization Type Website Phone Number
ACCEPT Community
Health Education
http://www.acceptonline.org/contact.php
775-786-5886
Agnes Risley Elementary School (CSA)
Head Start http://www.csareno.org/index.php 775-786-6023
American Red Cross Community
Health Education
http://www.nevada.redcross.org 775-856-1000
Bernice Mathews Elementary (CSA)
Head Start http://www.csareno.org/index.php 775-786-6023
Catholic Charities of Northern Nevada - Holy
Child Early Learning Center Head Start http://ccsnn.org/index.html 775-329-2979
Child Assault Prevention (CAP) Project
Community Health
Education
http://www.childassaultprevention.org/
775-348-0600
Children's Cabinet GED/Credit Recovery
http://www.childrenscabinet.org/ 775-856-6200
Community Services Agency (CSA)
Head Start http://www.csareno.org/index.php 775-786-6023
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 86
Organization Type Website Phone Number
Cyesis Program GED/Credit Recovery
http://www.washoe.k12.nv.us/schools/educational-options/washoe-high-
school
775-333-5150
Desert Heights Elementary School (CSA)
Head Start http://www.csareno.org/index.php 775-786-6023
Early Head Start (UNR) Head Start http://www.unr.edu/education/cente
rs/cfrc
775-327-5100
Echo Loder Elementary (CSA)
Head Start http://www.csareno.org/index.php 775 786-6023
Family Engagement for High School Success Program (UWNNS)
GED/Credit Recovery
http://www.uwnns.org/non-profits/uwnns-programs/family-engagement-high-school-success
775-322-8668
Healthcare for Homeless Veterans
Life Skills/Job Training
775-786-7200
ext 1803
Hungry Valley Head Start Head Start http://www.rsic.org/rsic-
services/education/head-start-program-2/
775 329-2936
Inter-Tribal Council of Nevada (ITCN)
Head Start http://www.itcn.org/ 775-355-0600
Job Connect GED/Job Training
http://nevadajobconnect.com/ 775-336-5437
McGee Center GED/Credit Recovery
775 856-4600
Men's Drop in Center Life
Skills/Job Training
775-329-4141
Nevada Center for Excellence in Disabilities
Community Health
Education http://nced.info/ 775-784-4921
Nevada Diabetes Association
Community Health
Education
http://diabetesnv.org/programs-services/
775 856-3839
Nevada Urban Indians, Inc. Community
Health Education
http://www.nevadaurbanindians.org/ 775-788-7600
Northern Nevada Literacy Council
GED/Job Training
http://www.nnlc.org 775-356-1007
Northern Nevada Teen Challenge International
GED/Credit Recovery
http://teenchallenge.net/centers/reno/
775-424-6777
Reno Rodeo Foundation GED/Job Training
http://www.renorodeofoundation.org/vips
775-636-3373
Reno-Sparks Indian Colony Head Start http://www.rsic.org/rsic-
services/education/head-start-program-2/
775 329-2936
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 87
Organization Type Website Phone Number
Ridge House GED/Job Training
http://www.ridgehouse.org/ 775-322-8941
Sierra Nevada Job Corp GED/Credit Recovery
http://sierranevada.jobcorps.gov/home.aspx
775-789-1000
Smithridge Elementary School (CSA)
Head Start http://www.csareno.org/index.php 775 786-6023
Sun Valley Recreation Center (CSA)
Head Start http://www.csareno.org/index.php 775 786-6023
The Early Learning Program at the E. L. Wiegand Youth
Center Head Start http://www.bgctm.org/ 775 322-9030
Washoe High School GED/Job Training
http://www.washoe.k12.nv.us/schools/educational-options/washoe-high-
school
775-333-5020
Women & Children's Center of the Sierra
GED/Credit Recovery
http://waccs.org/ 775-825-7395
Wooster High School Head Start http://www.csareno.org/index.php 775 786-6023
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 88
Food Security
Assets
Bridges to a Thriving Nevada is a community initiative that partners with other community
organizations, individuals, businesses and educational institutions. They use the Bridges out of Poverty
constructs in order to: 1) better train service providers, employers and educators on how to work with
and support people living in poverty, and 2) train and support people living in poverty as they move
toward greater economic stability and mobility.
Food Bank of Northern Nevada (FBNN): FBNN and its extensive network of partner agencies distribute
more than 1 million meals every month to thousands of food-insecure residents in northern Nevada.
More than half of those partner agencies are located in Washoe County and include churches, social
services agencies, and school-based programs. These agencies distribute meals through emergency
pantries, after school and summer meal programs, and mobile pantries for distribution of healthy foods
and produce.
National School Lunch and Breakfast Programs (NSLP and SBP): The UDSA’s federally funded NSLP and
SBP provide low-cost meals (free or reduced-price-FRP) to eligible children every school day.
The State of Nevada has also identified food security as a top priority. Last year, the Office of Food
Security was created within the Department of Health and Human Services to implement a food security
strategic plan developed in 2012. More recently, Governor Sandoval issued an Executive Order to
establish the Governor’s Council on Food Security to help implement the goals of the strategic plan.
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP): SNAP is a federally funded program which
provides limited additional resources to eligible, low-income individuals and families with which to
purchase food each month. SNAP can only be used for approved food items. Households are provided a
SNAP electronic benefit transfer (EBT) card, which works like a debit card and the cost of eligible food
items are deducted from the household’s monthly nutrition allowance
Washoe County Senior Services is a public agency that plays a large role in providing services, including
free meals, to the ever-growing senior population.
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 89
Resources
Organization Type Website Phone Number
Assistance League FBNN Pantry
775-329-1584
Bethel AME Church Food Pantry
FBNN Pantry
775-355-9030
Calvary Chapel Northwest Reno/Sonrise Church
FBNN Pantry
http://www.calvaryreno.com/ 775-746-4567
Capitol Hill Veteran's Outreach
FBNN Mobile Pantry
Catholic Charities of Northern Nevada
Other Food Bank http://ccsnn.org/index.html
775 329-5363
Children's Cabinet FBNN Pantry
http://www.childrenscabinet.org/ 775-352-8090
Children's Cabinet FBNN Pantry
http://www.childrenscabinet.org/ 775 856-6200
Church of Jesus Christ Spirit Filled
FBNN Pantry
http://spiritfilledchurch.org/ministries/
775-358-2842
Community Food Pantry FBNN
Mobile Pantry
775-391-0482
Cottonwood Village Apartments
FBNN Pantry
775-825-4999
Desert Springs Baptist Church
FBNN Pantry
http://desertspringsbaptistchurch.org/
775-746-0692
Destiny Christian Center FBNN Pantry
775-376-8304
Division of Welfare & Supportive Services (DWSS)
Other Food Bank
https://dwss.nv.gov/ 775-684-7200
Donald W. Reynolds Facility
Boys & Girls Club
Food Program
http://www.bgctm.org 775-331-3605
E.L. Wiegand Youth Center
Boys & Girls Club
Food Program
http://www.bgctm.org 775-322-9030
Echo Loder Elementary FBNN
Mobile Pantry
775-689-2540
El Cordero de Dios FBNN Pantry
775-338-4345
Faith Alive Christian Center FBNN Pantry
775-225-1309
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 90
Organization Type Website Phone Number
Faith Lutheran Church FBNN Pantry
http://www.faithlutheranreno.org/ 775-747-3246
First Samoan Full Gospel Church
FBNN Pantry
775-359-1956
First United Methodist Church
FBNN Pantry
http://www.renofirstmethodist.org/ 775-322-4565
Food Bank of Northern Nevada
FBNN Pantry
http://fbnn.org/ 775 331-3663
Gate of Life Christian Center
FBNN Pantry
775-674-3777
Golden Apartments FBNN
Mobile Pantry
775-826-6563
Grace Tabernacle Church of God in Christ
Other Food Bank
775-331-1404
Greater New Hope Baptist Church
FBNN Pantry
http://www.greaternewhopereno.org/
775-329-6260
Hands of Hope Food Bank / Operation Feedback
Other Food Bank
http://www.handsofhope.org 775-284-8878
Hope Church of the Nazarene
FBNN Pantry
775-673-2700
Hug High School FBNN
Mobile Pantry
775-333-5300
Inter-Tribal Council of Nevada (ITCN)
Other Food Bank
http://www.itcn.org/ 775-355-0600
Joseph's Inn FBNN
Mobile Pantry
775-322-2290
Kid to Seniors Korner FBNN Pantry
775-858-5250
Libby Booth ES FBNN
Mobile Pantry
775-333-5140
Living Waters Christian Fellowship
FBNN Pantry
http://lwcfsparks.org/ 775-287-9457
Northern Nevada HOPES FBNN
Mobile Pantry
775-786-4673
Nancy Gomes ES FBNN
Mobile Pantry
775-677-5440
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 91
Organization Type Website Phone Number
Neil Road Rec Center FBNN
Mobile Pantry
775-689-8484
Nevada Urban Indians FBNN Pantry
http://www.nevadaurbanindians.org/ 775-788-7600
New Believer's Christian Fellowship
FBNN Pantry
http://newbelieverschristianfellowship.angelfire.com/
775-379-3850
New Life Assembly of God Church
Other Food Bank
http://www.nlaog.us/ 775-972-1088
O'Brien MS FBNN
Mobile Pantry
775-677-5420
Our Savior Lutheran Church FBNN Pantry
775-358-0743
Project Solution Center
Boys & Girls Club
Food Program
http://www.bgctm.org 775-229-9538
Rehoboth Holy Temple FBNN Pantry
http://www.rhtcogic.com/ 775-823-9711
Reno-Sparks Gospel Mission, Inc.
Other Food Bank
http://www.rsgm.org/ 775 323-0386
Reno-Sparks SDA Spanish Church
FBNN Pantry
775-327-4545
Salvation Army Other Food Bank
http://www.gosalarmy.org/deloro/renoprograms
775-688-4555
Sister Carmen's Ministry to the Needy and the Poor
FBNN Pantry
775-329-0904
Sparks Christian Fellowship FBNN Pantry
http://www.scf.net/ 775-331-2303
Sparks Senior Center Other Food
Bank http://www.cityofsparks.us/residents/
recreation/senior-programs
775-353-3110
Sparks Seventh Day Adventist Church
Other Food Bank
http://sparkschurch.adventistfaith.org/
775 331-4332
St. Paul's Episcopal Church FBNN Pantry
http://stpaulssparks.org/ 775-358-4474
St. Peters Canisius FBNN
Mobile Pantry
775-673-6800
The Bridge Church FBNN Pantry
http://www.thebridgereno.com/ 775-323-7141
The Friar's Pantry FBNN Pantry
http://www.stacathedral.com/ 775-329-2571
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 92
Organization Type Website Phone Number
Traner Middle School FBNN
Mobile Pantry
775-333-5130
University Family Fellowship
FBNN Pantry
http://universityfamilyfellowship.org 775-359-2222
Valley View Christian Fellowship
FBNN Pantry
http://www.valleyviewreno.org/ 775-772-7873
Voice in the Wilderness FBNN Pantry
775-329-2511
Washoe County Senior Citizen's Center
FBNN Pantry
http://www.washoecounty.us/seniorsrv
775-328-2590
Washoe Valley Christian Church
FBNN Mobile Pantry
http://washoevalley.org/wv/temp%20new%20beginnings.htm
775-849-3932
William N. Pennington Facility
Boys & Girls Club
Food Program
http://www.bgctm.org/donate/pennington_project/
775-331-5437
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 93
Appendix Four: References
1 National Association of County and City Health Officials. Accreditation Prerequisite: Community Health
Improvement Plan. The National Connection for Local Public Health. Retrieved November 6, 2015 from http://www.naccho.org/topics/infrastructure/accreditation/chip.cfm. 2 Community Hubs. About Community Hubs. Page last updated on December 22, 2015. Retrieved December 23,
2015 from http://www.communityhubs.org.au/about-community-hubs/. 3 Washoe County Health District and Renown Health (2015). Washoe County Community Health Needs
Assessment, 2015-2017. 4 County Health Rankings and Roadmaps. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Access to Care. Retrieved November
11, 2015 from http://www.countyhealthrankings.org/our-approach/health-factors/access-care. 5 Healthy People 2020. Access to Health Services. Retrieved November 11, 2015 from
http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/Access-to-Health-Services. 6 Healthy People 2020. Adolescent Health. Retrieved December 23, 2015 from
http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/Adolescent-Health. 7 Social Entrepreneurs, Inc. (2015). 2-1-1 Strategic Plan 2016-2020 DRAFT.
8 Griswold, T., Packham, J., Etchegoyhen, L., Marchand, C. (January 2015). Nevada Rural and Frontier Health Data
Book – Seventh Edition January 2015. 9 Healthy People 2020. Mental Health and Mental Disorders. Retrieved December 10, 2015 from
http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/mental-health-and-mental-disorders. 10
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Injury Prevention and Control: Division of Violence Prevention. Featured Topic: Bullying Research. Page last updated on October 7, 2015. Retrieved on November 23, 2015 from http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/youthviolence/bullyingresearch/index.html. 11
Mayo Clinic. Healthy Lifestyle Tween and Teen Health. Teen Suicide: What Parents Need to Know. Retrieved December 23, 2015 from http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/tween-and-teen-health/in-depth/teen-suicide/art-20044308. 12
Child Trends (July 2014). Research Brief; Publication #2014-28. Adverse Childhood Experiences: National and State-Level Prevalence. Retrieved December 22, 2015 from http://www.childtrends.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Brief-adverse-childhood-experiences_FINAL.pdf. 13
2013 Nevada Youth Risk Behavior Survey (February 2014). Edition 1.0. Retrieved December 11, 2015 from http://dhs.unr.edu/Documents/dhs/chs/yrbs/2013NevadaYRBSReportFinal10142014.pdf.
Washoe County Community Health Improvement Plan ● 2016-2018 - DRAFT Page 94
14
Healthy People 2020. Substance Abuse. Retrieved December 22, 2015 from http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/substance-abuse. 15
Washoe County School District. (September 14, 2015). On the Rise: WCSD Class of 2015 Sets Another Graduation Record. Retrieved November 11, 2015 from http://www.washoeschools.net/site/default.aspx?PageType=3&ModuleInstanceID=2000&ViewID=7b97f7ed-8e5e-4120-848f-a8b4987d588f&RenderLoc=0&FlexDataID=8400&PageID=1. 16 The Education Alliance of Washoe County, Joint Data Profile Committee. (2014). Washoe K-16 Data Profile,
WCSD Graduates Attending UNR and TMCC, Includes WCSD 2014 Graduates. Retrieved October 12, 2015 from http://www.washoe.k12.nv.us/community/annualreports-publications/data-profiles. 17
Truckee Meadows Tomorrow. Educational Funding. Retrieved November 11, 2015 from http://www.truckeemeadowstomorrow.org/indicator/educational-funding/. 18
Healthy People 2020. Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity. Retrieved December 23, 2015 from http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/leading-health-indicators/2020-lhi-topics/Nutrition-Physical-Activity-and-Obesity. 19
Food Bank of Northern Nevada. Retrieved December 22, 2015 from https://fbnn.org/. 20
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2011). Strategies to Prevent Obesity and Other Chronic Diseases: The CDC Guide to Strategies to Increase the Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 21
Hallberg, Basil (2009), Using Community Gardens to Augment Food Security Efforts in Low-Income Communities. 22
US National Library on Medicine. Medline Plus. Nutrition for Seniors. Page last updated on December 2, 2015. Retrieved on December 22, 2015 from https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/nutritionforseniors.html.