draft ppt solar plant amit_17.06.2014.pdf

An

Introduction

to

10 MW SOLAR PV PLANT 10 MW SOLAR PV PLANT

AT NTPC UNCHAHAR

by

Amit K GautamSr. Manager

(O&M - Solar Plant Commissioning)

SYNOPSIS OF THE PRESENTATION

Introduction

What is SPV Technology

SPV Technology Fundamentals

Single Line Diagram

Combination of Solar Cells, Strings, Inverters &

Tuesday, June 17, 2014

10 MW Solar PV Plant, NTPC

(A presentation by Amit K Gautam)(A presentation by Amit K Gautam)

Combination of Solar Cells, Strings, Inverters & Inverter Transformer

The HT Switchboard

Switchyards (33kV & 220kV)

Auxiliary Power Scheme

SCADA & Weather Monitoring System

Module Washing System

Fire Fighting System2

10 MW Solar PV Plant, NTPC Unchahar

INTRODUCTION

Solar power is the

conversion of sunlight into

electricity, either directly

or indirectly.

It's a quiet, clean &

renewable source of




renewable source of

energy

Photovoltaic (PV) modules

have no moving or

wearing parts.

Require less maintenance3


SOLAR POWER GENERATION TECHNOLOGIES

Solar Photo Voltaic (direct):

PV panels use the

photovoltaic effect to turn

the suns energy directly into

electricity.

Solar Thermal (indirect):



Solar PVSolar PV


Solar Thermal (indirect):

Solar thermal panels use the

suns energy to heat water

that can be used to generate

electricity.

Here, we are using Solar PV technology. 4


WHAT IS SPV TECHNOLOGY?



A PV panel is made up of a semiconducting material, usually silicon-based sandwiched between two electrical contacts.

The junction of dissimilar materials (n and p type silicon) creates a voltage.

(A presentation by Amit K Gautam)


5

TYPES OF SOLAR PV TECHNOLOGIES

Silicon Crystalline Technology

1. Mono Crystalline PV Cells

2. Multi Crystalline PV Cells




Thin Film Technology

1. Amorphous Silicon PV Cells

2. Poly Crystalline PV Cells

( Non-Silicon based)


6Thin Film Thin Film

Solar CellSolar Cell

SILICON CRYSTALLINE TECHNOLOGYTuesday, June 17, 2014


Made using saw-cut

from single cylindrical

crystal of Si

Caste from ingot of

melted and re-

crystallized silicon

Mono Crystalline PV Mono Crystalline PV

Cells Cells

Multi Crystalline PV Multi Crystalline PV

CellsCells

Currently makes up 86% of PV market

Very stable with module efficiencies 10-16%



7

crystal of Si

Operating efficiency

up to 16%

crystallized silicon

Cell efficiency ~12%

Accounts for 90% of

crystalline Si market

SOLAR CELL FUNDAMENTALS

Solar Cell Characteristics

Short circuit current

(Isc):

Maximum current

produced by solar cell

when its terminals are

shorted.




shorted.

Open circuit voltage

(Voc):

Maximum voltage

that can be obtained

from a solar cell when

its terminals are left

open. 8


Fill Factor (FF):

It is defined as the

square-ness of the I-V

curve

It is related to the



SOLAR CELL FUNDAMENTALS


It is related to the

resistive losses in the

solar cell.

In ideal condition its

value is 100%.

For a good solar cell it

is > 80%. 9


FF = Pm / (Voc x Isc )

MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING

(MPPT)

MPPT orMaximum Power Point Tracking is

an algorithm that included in electric power

converter system used for extracting maximum

available power from PV module under certain




conditions.

The voltage at which PV module can produce

maximum power is called maximum power point

(or peak power voltage).

Maximum power varies with solar radiation,

ambient temperature and solar cell temperature. 10


HOW MPPT WORKS?

The major principle of MPPT is to extract

the maximum available power from PV

module by making them operate at the

most efficient voltage (maximum power

point).




point).

MPPT system is to sample the output of

the cells and apply the proper resistance

(load) to obtain maximum power for any

given environmental conditions. 11


MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKINGTuesday, June 17, 2014



12


SOLAR CELL CHARACTERISTICS



Efficiency ():

Solar cell efficiency is

the ratio of the electrical

output of a solar cell to



13

output of a solar cell to

the incident energy in

the form of sunlight.

Efficiency up-to 14-16%

are normally achieved

by crystalline Si cells.

is the efficiency

Voc is the open-circuit voltage

Isc is the short-circuit current

FF is the fill factor

LOSSES IN SOLAR CELLS

1. Unavoidable losses:

Loss of low energy photons (23%)

Loss due to excess energy of photons (33%)

Voltage loss (0.65 0.72)




Fill factor loss

2. Avoidable losses:

Reflection losses

Incomplete absorption losses

Recombination losses14


EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE



As the PV cell

temperature

increases above



15

increases above

25C, the module

Vmp decreases by

approximately

0.5% per C

EFFECTS OF LOW INSOLATIONTuesday, June 17, 2014


Insolation is the solar

radiation that reaches

the earth's surface. It is

measured by the amount

of solar energy received

per cm2 / min.



16

per cm2 / min.

As insolation decreases

amperage decreases

while voltage remains

roughly constant

EFFECT OF SOLAR ORIENTATIONTuesday, June 17, 2014



17


SOLAR TRACKING

To receive maximum intensity of sunrays the

solar panel surface should be perpendicular

to sunrays.




Max performance is achieved when panels

are perpendicular to the suns rays.

Panels should be tracking the sun all the

time, during day and during different

seasons. 18


SOLAR TRACKING

Automatic solar tracking makes the system

very costly.

If the SPV panel is not tracking the sun then




it should be inclined to an angle equal to the

latitude of the location.

(28.81 for Unchahar)

Solar tracking allows to collect 30% extra

energy with the same SPV panel. 19


BYPASS DIODE

Whenever any cell is under shed then it

will become reverse biased.

This reverse bias can be strong depending

upon the shadowing.




The strong reverse bias may force the

shaded cell to break down.

The extra power generated by the non

shaded cells will be dissipated in the

shaded cell.

This creates hot spots in the module. 20


BYPASS DIODE

A bypass diode is used to pass the excess current.

Ideally this should be connected to each cell in

parallel with opposite polarity.

Normally one bypass diode is used for every 12-20

cells (20 in case of Unchahar).




21


SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM OF SOLAR PLANT AT NTPC UNCHAHAR Tuesday, June 17, 2014


Solar

Panels Inverter-A(630 kVA)

Inverter

Transformer(1.6 MVA)

800-550 V DC

800-550 V DC

350 V AC

350 V AC

33 kV

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(Total 08

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(Total 08

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22


ACDB

Inverter-B(630 kVA)

33kV HT

Panel

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Note: For more details refer NTPC Drawing No. 5708-004-PVE-P-034

COMBINING SOLAR CELLS

Solar cells can be electrically connected in

series (voltage add) or in parallel (current

add) to give any desired voltage and

current (or power).

Photovoltaic cells are typically sold in




Photovoltaic cells are typically sold in

modules (or panels) of 12, 24, 36, 48, 60

volts with power outputs of 50 to 200+

watts.

These are then combined into arrays to

give the desired power or watts. 23


COMBINING SOLAR CELLS (AT UNCHAHAR) Tuesday, June 17, 2014


MODULE PARMETER

(60 cells in series)

Open Circuit Voltage (VOC) = 60 0.6 = 36 V

Short Circuit Current (ISC) = 8.5 A

Peak Power (Pmax) = 240 Wp

Voltage at peak power point (Vmax) = 29 V

Current at peak power point (Imax) = 8.28 A

STRING PARMETER



24

/ STRING

(24 modules in series)

Open Circuit Voltage (VOC)

= 24 36 = 864 VOC

Short Circuit Current (ISC) = 8.5 A

Peak Power (Pmax) = 5762.88 Wp

Voltage at peak power point (Vmax) = 696 V

Current at peak power point (Imax) = 8.28 A

At Unchahar

Total No. of Modules = 42,240

Total No. of Strings = 1,760

COMBINING STRINGS



22 Strings in parallel

S

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SMU PARMETER

(22 strings in parallel)

Voc = 864 V

Vmax= 696 V

ISC = 8.5 22 A=187 Amp

Imax = 8.28 22 A =182.16 Amp



25

SMU

-1

SMU

-3

SMU

-5

SMU

-2

SMU

-4

Inverter

INVERTER PARMETER

(05 SMU in parallel)

Voc = 864 V

Vmax = 696 Volts

ISC = 187 5 A=935 Amp

Imax = 182.16 5 A =910.8 Amp

COMBINING INVERTERS



Two inverters are giving output to one transformer.

The transformer contains two primary(LT)& one

Two inverters are giving output to one transformer.

The transformer contains two primary(LT)& one

Inverter-A Inverter-B

350 V AC350 V AC



26

primary(LT)& one secondary(HT) winding.

The transformer out put is fed to HT panel as shown in the diagram

primary(LT)& one secondary(HT) winding.

The transformer out put is fed to HT panel as shown in the diagram

5

33kV HT Panel

33 kV

33 kV

Outdoor VCB

33 kV

Indoor VCB

THE HT SWITCH-BOARD

All the 8 incomers are feeding power to the HT panel.

One outgoing feeder is for power evacuation/back-charging.

The other outgoing feeder is for auxiliary supplies.



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27


33 kV HT Panel

Outgoing Feeder

to

33kV Switchyard(Solar Plant)

Panel No. 6

33kV

Feeder

To 200 kVA

Auxiliary

Transformer(33kV/415V)

Panel No. 7

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33 KV SWITCHYARD (AT SOLAR PLANT)Tuesday, June 17, 2014


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AUXILIARY POWER SCHEME Tuesday, June 17, 2014


From 33 kV Main HT Panel

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SPARE

Electronic Interlock

200 kVA

Auxiliary Transformer

33/0.415kV

Dyn11 MCCB, TPN400A, 25kA

MCCB, TPN

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Emergency lights

in CMCS,

SCADA

& Inverter Rooms

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Note: For more detail please refer drawing no. 5708-004-PVE-P-077-03

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SCADA System Architecture

(A presentation by Amit K Gautam)(A presentation by Amit K Gautam)Tuesday, June 17, 2014 10 MW Solar PV Plant, NTPC Unchahar 31

MODULE WASHING SYSTEM

There are 1760 structures/strings in site, it is

planned to clean every PV module thrice a

month.




All PV modules shall be cleaned in 10 days

(10% per day) and from the 11th day again

the first structure will be cleaned.

Like this, the cleaning process will be going

on through out the month. 32


MODULE WASHING SYSTEM (CONTD.)

There are three bore-wells in the Solar Plant



Water Balance : Borewell-1, Tank Capacity 3000 litres


33


Module Washing System (contd.)Water Balance : Borewell-2, Tank Capacity 4000 litres

(A presentation by Amit K Gautam)(A presentation by Amit K Gautam)34

Water Balance : Borewell-2, Tank Capacity 4000 litres

MODULEWASHING SYSTEMTuesday, June 17, 2014



35


Fire Fighting SystemCMCS & Inverter Room-1

Inverter

Transformer

-1

Aux.

Trans.

SCADA

Room

OVCB

-1

Ladies

Toilet

Gents

Toilet

Pantry

Inverter

Room-1

(A presentation by Amit K Gautam)36

*Drawing not to scale

Sand filled fire buckets

Smoke detectors

Fire extinguisher (DCP) 10 kg

Fire extinguisher (CO2) 9 kg

Fire extinguisher (Foam) 9 kg

Fire extinguisher (hand portable,

pressurized ) 9 kg

Legends

33kV Switchyard (Solar Plant)

Room-1 Store Room Battery Room

THANK YOU




37


draft ppt solar plant amit_17.06.2014.pdf

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