draft term paper on death penalty

8/12/2019 Draft Term Paper on Death Penalty

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Page 0BUSINESS LAW

Death Penalty


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Term paper on

Death Penalty

Course Code: BUS 361Course name: Business Law

Submitted To:

Fahmida asan

!Barrister"at"Law#

Senior le$turer

Department o% Business &dministration

'ast (est Uni)ersity* Dha+a

Submitted By: ,roup F

-d. Bodiu//aman* 0D: 212" "12"2 3

-d. &shi4ur 5ahman* 0D: 212" "12" 2

Sumaiya 7ahan* 0D: 212" "12"321

-d. &ra%ath Shahariar* 0D: 211"1"12"118

Shaima 0slam Shatu* 0D: 212" "12"23

Shomi Tamara* 0D: 212" "13"2 1

Se$tion: 3Date o% Submission: th -ar$h 219

East West UniversityPage 1


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Letter of Transmittal

March 25, 2014

Barrister Fahmida Hasan

Senior Lecturer

Department of Business Administration

East est !ni"ersit#

Su$% Su$mission of report on &Death 'ena(t#)

Dear Madam,

*his is to inform #ou that +e ha"e comp(eted the report on the topic &Death 'ena(t#) *he

report $asica((# focuses on the +h# and ho+ death pena(t# is -i"en as "erdict $# the court of

(a+, +hat is the effect of death pena(t# in perspecti"e of Ban-(adesh as +e(( for the +or(d e

a(so tried to find out +hether does death pena(ties ha"e a "a(id inf(uence to ma.e situation

$etter for a(( or not *he report has $een prepared for the course &Le-a( En"ironment of

Business) /B!S 1

3n +ritin- this case, +e ha"e fo((o+ed #our instructions for report +ritin- to present our

"ie+s and understandin- in the easiest +a# Ho+e"er, +e +i(( $e -(ad to c(arif# an#

di"er-ence that ma# arise

Sincere(#,

Md Bodiu aman, 3D% 2010 2 10 05

Md Ashi6ur 7ahman, 3D% 2010 2 10 208

Sumai#a 9ahan, 3D% 2010 2 10 01

Md Arafath Shahariar, 3D% 2011 1 10 11:

Shaima 3s(am Shatu, 3D% 2010 2 10 0 5

Shomi *amara, 3D% 2010 2 1 081

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Acknowledgement

e are -ratefu( for the he(p and assistance of man# peop(e +ho ha"e he(ped us +hi(e

+or.in- on this report ;ooperation and hard+or.in- of -roup mem$ers and appreciation

from different peop(e has he(ped us to present a satisfactor# report Besides, +e +ou(d (i.e to

than. our instructor Fahmida Hasan madam for her si-nificant he(p and su--estion e cou(d

not prepare this report +ithout her instruction So, +e are rea((# than.fu( to those persons

+ho he(ped us to prepare the report

Page


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Table of Content

Topic Page Number1. Executive ummar!"""""""""""""""""""" iv#. $ntroduction""""""""""""""""""""""" %&

'. (et)odolog!""""""""""""""""""""""... %*+. ,b-ectives of t)e tud!"""""""""""""""""".. %*. Limitations of tud!""""""""""""""""""".. %*&. Punis)ment""""""""""""""""""""""". %/*. 0istor! of deat) penalt!"""""""""""""""""... %/ 1&/. Effectiveness of 2eat) Penalt!""""""""""""""".. 1& 133. 4uture of 2eat) Penalt! in 5anglades)"""""""""""... #% #11%. Public awareness of demand for deat) penalt!"""""""".. #1 #'11. 6eligious views on 2eat) Penalt!"""""""""""""" #+ #1#. Capital Punis)ment in international law............................................ # #&1'. Capital Punis)ment in 5anglades)..................................................... #& #*1+. 7lobal distribution of deat) penalt! in #%1#""""""""". #* #3

19.1. 6eported executions in #%1#""""""""""""" #*19. . 6eported deat) sentences in #%1#""""""""""" #/

1 . 2eat) Penalt! Abolis)ed Countries""""""""""""" #3 '#1&. peec) of 8ualified (edical Professionals about 2eat) Penalt!.... ''1*. 6etributive Arguments Concerning 2eat) Penalt!"""""".. '+ '1/. 0ow people perceive regarding deat) penalt!"""""""". ' +%

1 .1. Arguments in favor of 2eat) Penalt!""""""""".. '1 . . Arguments against 2eat) Penalt!""""""""""...'*

13. 4indings and Anal!sis of urve! 8uestions""""""...............+1#%. 6ecommendations"""""""""""""""""""".+# +'#1. Conclusion"""""""""""""""""""""""..++##. 6eferences""""""""""""""""""""""".+#'. APPEN2$9

Executive ummar!

*he death pena(t# is used as a punishment for crimes such as murder , sedition ,

offenses re(ated to possession of or traffic.in- in dru-s, offenses re(ated to traffic.in- in

human $ein-s, treason , espiona-e , mi(itar# crimes, rape, hi


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"ie+ re-ardin- death pena(t# e ha"e a(so tried to focus ho+ it is "io(atin- human ri-hts

Fina((#, +e +ere successfu( to -et a fruitfu( resu(t +hich is $ased on our research throu-h a

sur"e# of 50 indi"idua(s and ana(# in- those resu(ts and +e a(so ana(# ed different +ritin-s

and


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punishment, 8= countries ha"e a$o(ished it, and : ha"e a$o(ished it for ordinar# crimes

ear(# a(( countries in the +or(d prohi$it the e>ecution of indi"idua(s +ho +ere under the a-e

of 1= at the time of their crimes Cn(# 3ran, Saudi Ara$ia , and Sudan ha"e carried out such

e>ecutions since 2008 E>ecutions of this .ind are prohi$ited under internationa( (a+

*he future of death pena(t# is "er# contro"ers# as different scho(ars e>press their

thou-ht in different +a# and (a+s re-ardin- death pena(t# are different in different countries

A(thou-h death pena(t# is decreasin- +or(d+ide da# $# da#, its a$o(ition is not supported $#

most of the peop(e in our societ# *he a$o(ition of death pena(t# depends on the nature of the

crime committed 3f it is a$o(ished for an e>treme (e"e( crime, there +i(( o$"ious(# an

increase in committin- an# serious crime A-ain, it ma# $e a$o(ished for the crimina( +ho

can pro"e that he is rea((# mortified for occurrin- the crime and do not do it a-ain So, ourreport +i(( -i"e a resu(t re-ardin- a(( these opinions

(et)odolog!:

*hou-h the stud# is $ased on primar# data, secondar# information a(so has $een used

to enrich the structure *his is a 6ua(itati"e t#pe of stud# and case stud# method +as app(iedfor this purpose A 6uestionnaire containin- $oth structured and unstructured 6uestions +as

de"e(oped to co((ect data from the participants

3n this stud#, it had $een most(# re(ied on the fo((o+in- secondar# methodo(o-ies in doin-

our research artic(e these are

Scrutin# of statistics +hose ori-in is Human 7i-hts atch

;ontent in"esti-ation of (a+fu( pro"isions of Acts in Ban-(adesh

Secondar# documents (i.e ma-a ines, $oo.s,


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'u$(ic opinion sur"e# measurin- support for and a-ainst death pena(t#

tud! ,b-ectives:

*he o$t most "ita( o$stac(e +e ha"e faced to comp(ete the stud# +as +e neededsur"e#in-, mana-in- case studies, co((ectin- inter"ie+s etc

*hou-h there +ere so man# o$stac(es in researchin- our topic, +e fina((# succeeded

to comp(ete this paper at $est possi$(e +a#

. Punis)ment:

'unishment is the imperious imposition of somethin- disa-reea$(e upon an indi"idua(

or -roup as a resu(t of the $eha"ior +hich is unaccepta$(e to the authorit# *his punishment

ma# $e of different forms, such as, fine, pena(t#, confinement etc and these are imposed

a-ainst the indi"idua( +ho "io(ates an# norm 'unishment ma# $e carried out in accordance

+ith a (a+ forma((# or throu-h some socia( settin-s informa((# !nauthori ed conse6uences+hich are ne-ati"e and administered +ithout a $reach of ru(es are not considered as

punishment 7etri$ution , deterrence , reha$i(itation , and incapacitations are inc(uded in the

fundamenta(


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that the crime is not a -ood thin-, and +i(( a"oid it in the future or he +i(( simp(# fee( pain

proportionate to the pain he imposed

&. 0istor! of deat) penalt! as capital punis)ment

*he first esta$(ished death pena(t# (a+s +ere in the Ei-hteenth ;entur# B ; in the

;ode of Gin- Hammura$i of Ba$#(on, +hich arran-ed (a+s of the death pena(t# for 25

different crimes *he death pena(t# +as a(so part of the Fourteenth ;entur# B ; s Hittite

;ode *he Se"enth ;entur# B ; s Draconian ;ode of Athens made death the on(#

punishment for a(( crimes and the Fifth ;entur# B ; s 7oman (a+ of the *+e("e *a$(ets +as

a(so introduced Death sentences +ere comp(eted $# the means such as crucifi>ion,

dro+nin-, $eatin- to death, $urnin- a(i"e, and impa(ement

Han-in- $ecame the usua( method of e>ecution in Britain 3n the fo((o+in- centur# in

the *enth ;entur# A D i((iam the ;on6ueror +ou(d not a((o+ persons to $e han-ed or

other+ise e>ecuted for an# crime, e>cept in times of +ar *his trend +ou(d not (ast, $ecause

in the Si>teenth ;entur#, under the rei-n of Henr# 333, as man# as :2,000 peop(e are

estimated to ha"e $een e>ecuted Boi(in-, $urnin- at the sta.e, han-in-, $eheadin-, and

dra+in- and 6uarterin- +ere some common methods of e>ecution at that time E>ecutions

+ere comp(eted for some capita( offenses as marr#in- a 9e+, not confessin- to a crime, and

treason etc

*he num$er of capita( crimes in Britain continued to rise throu-hout the ne>t t+o

centuries 222 crimes +ere punisha$(e $# death in Britain $# the 1:00s and the crimes

inc(uded stea(in-, cuttin- do+n a tree, and ro$$in- a ra$$it +arren etc Because of the

se"erit# of the death pena(t#, man#


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co(on# of ir-inia in 1 0= Genda(( +as e>ecuted as he +as a sp# for Spain 3n 1 12, ir-inia

Io"ernor Sir *homas Da(e enacted the Di"ine, Mora( and Martia( La+s, +hich pro"ided the

death pena(t# for e"en minor offenses such as stea(in- -rapes, .i((in- chic.ens, and tradin-

+ith 3ndians

La+s re-ardin- the death pena(t# "aried from co(on# to co(on# 3ts first e>ecution +as

he(d $# the Massachusetts Ba# ;o(on# in 1 0, e"en thou-h the ;apita( La+s of e+

En-(and did not -o into effect unti( #ears (ater *he Du.e s La+s of 1 5 +ere esta$(ished $#

the e+ Jor. ;o(on# Cffenses such as stri.in- one s mother or father, or den#in- the true

Iod, +ere punisha$(e $# death under these (a+s /7anda, 188: 2

ource: 6eport on Capital Punis)ment in ;nited tates #%%/

&.#. Ancient )istor!

'eace sett(ements +ere inc(uded in tri$a( ar$itration of feuds and these sett(ements

+ere often done in a re(i-ious conte>t and compensation s#stem Sett(ement ru(es +ere for

anima( $(ood to rep(ace human $(ood, or transfers of propert# or $(ood mone# or in some

case an offer of a person for e>ecution *he person offered for e>ecution +as not necessari(#

an ori-ina( perpetrator of the crime $ecause the s#stem +as $ased on tri$es, not indi"idua(s

B(ood feuds cou(d $e re-u(ated at meetin-s

2 L 7anda, editor, Societ# s Fina( So(ution% A Histor# and Discussion of the Death 'ena(t#, !ni"ersit# 'ress of America, 188:

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feudhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feudhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_money_(term)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feudhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_money_(term)


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5ugatti was offering snuff to a condemned prisoner

Iio"anni Battista Bu-atti , e>ecutioner of the 'apa( States $et+een 1:8 and 1= 5,carried out 51 e>ecutions atican ;it# a$o(ished its capita( punishment statute in 18 8

;ode of Hammura$i set the different punishment and compensation accordin- to the

different c(ass or -roup of "ictims and perpetrators *he *orah /9e+ish La+ , a(so .no+n as

the 'entateuch /the first fi"e $oo.s of the ;hristian C(d *estament , (a#s do+n the death

pena(t# for murder, .idnappin- , ma-ic , "io(ation of the Sa$$ath , $(asphem# , and a +ide

ran-e of se>ua( crimes, a(thou-h e"idence su--ests that actua( e>ecutions +ere rare

3n Ancient Ireece , Draco +rote do+n the Athenian (e-a( s#stem first in a$out 21 B;%

the death pena(t# +as app(ied for a particu(ar(# +ide ran-e of crimes, thou-h So(on (ater

repea(ed Draco s code and pu$(ished ne+ (a+s, retainin- on(# Draco s homicide statutes *he

+ord draconian deri"es from Draco s (a+s *he 7omans a(so used death pena(t# for a +ide

ran-e of offenses

&.'. Ancient Tang C)ina

*here +as a time in *an- D#nast# ;hina +hen the death pena(t# +as a$o(ished,

a(thou-h man# are e>ecuted in ;hina each #ear in the present da# *his +as in the #ear :4:,

enacted $# Emperor Kuan on- of *an- /r :12 :5 hen a$o(ishin- the death pena(t#

Kuan on- sentenced -ui(t# persons of crimes for +hich the prescri$ed punishment +as

e>ecution accordin- to the nearest re-u(ation $# ana(o-# Ho+e"er the death pena(t# +as

restored on(# 12 #ears (ater in :58 in response to the An Lushan 7e$e((ion At this time in

;hina on(# the emperor had the authorit# to sentence crimina(s to e>ecution !nder

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snuff_(tobacco)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snuff_(tobacco)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Bugattihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papal_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_executed_by_the_Holy_Seehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Vatican_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Vatican_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Vatican_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_of_Hammurabihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentateuchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentateuchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Testamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidnappinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidnappinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_(paranormal)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_(paranormal)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shabbathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blasphemyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draco_(lawgiver)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draco_(lawgiver)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athenianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solonhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/draconianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Romehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Romehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tang_Dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tang_Dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Xuanzong_of_Tanghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Lushan_Rebellionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mastro_Titta.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snuff_(tobacco)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Bugattihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papal_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_executed_by_the_Holy_Seehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatican_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Vatican_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_of_Hammurabihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torahhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentateuchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Testamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidnappinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_(paranormal)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shabbathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blasphemyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greecehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draco_(lawgiver)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athenianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solonhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/draconianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Romehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tang_Dynastyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Xuanzong_of_Tanghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Lushan_Rebellion


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Kuan on- capita( punishment +as re(ati"e(# infre6uent, +ith on(# 24 e>ecutions in the #ear

: 0 and 5= e>ecutions in the #ear :

3n ;hina stran-u(ation and decapitation +ere the t+o most common forms of e>ecution

in the *an- period and these +ere the prescri$ed methods of e>ecution for 144 and =8

offences respecti"e(# Stran-u(ation +as the prescri$ed sentence for (od-in- an accusation

a-ainst one s parents or -randparents +ith a ma-istrate, p(annin- to .idnap a person and se((

them into s(a"er# and openin- a coffin +hi(e profanin- a tom$ Decapitation +as the method

of e>ecution prescri$ed for more serious crimes such as treason and sedition Most ;hinese

durin- the *an- preferred stran-u(ation to decapitation despite the -reat discomfort in"o("ed

3n *an- ;hina, some further forms of capita( punishment +ere practiced, of +hich the

first t+o +ere e>tra(e-a( *he first of these +as scour-in- to death +ith the thic. rod +hich

+as common throu-hout the *an- especia((# in cases of -ross corruption *he second +as

truncation, in +hich the con"icted person +as cut in t+o at the +aist +ith a fodder .nife and

then (eft to $(eed to death A further form of e>ecution ca((ed Lin- ;hi / s(o+ s(icin- , or

death $# a thousand cuts, +as used in ;hina from the c(ose of the *an- d#nast# /around 800

to its a$o(ition in 1805

Around a(( e>ecutions under the *an- too. p(ace in pu$(ic as a +arnin- to the

popu(ation *he heads of the e>ecuted +ere disp(a#ed on po(es or spears hen (oca(

authorities decapitated a con"icted crimina(, the head +as $o>ed and sent to the capita( as

proof of identit# and that the e>ecution had ta.en p(ace So, this +as the "io(ent scener# of

death pena(t# in Ancient *an- ;hina

&.+. (iddle Ages:

*he death pena(t# +as a(so used as a -enera(i ed form of punishment $efore the

de"e(opment of modern prison s#stems in medie"a( and ear(# modern Europe Durin- the

rei-n of Henr# 333 , as man# as :2,000 peop(e are estimated to ha"e $een e>ecuted

A massi"e mora( panic re-ardin- +itchcraft s+ept across Europe and (ater the

European co(onies in orth America durin- ear(# modern Europe *ens of thousands of

Midd(e A-es $# 'u$(ic Broadcastin- Ser"ice

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Xuanzong_of_Tanghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Xuanzong_of_Tanghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slow_slicinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_panichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witchcrafthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Xuanzong_of_Tanghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slow_slicinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_panichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witchcraft


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+omen +ere prosecuted and e>ecuted throu-h the +itch tria(s of the ear(# modern period

/$et+een the 15th and 1=th centuries

*he death pena(t# a(so e>ecuted $ecause of se>ua( offenses such as sodom# 3n

En-(and, the Bu--er# Act 15 stipu(ated han-in- as punishment for $u--er# 9ames 'ratt

and 9ohn Smith +ere the (ast t+o En-(ishmen to $e e>ecuted for sodom# in 1= 5

T)e burning of

?ar

*he 12th centur# 9e+ish (e-a( scho(ar, Moses Maimonides , +rote, 3t is $etter and

more satisfactor# to ac6uit a thousand -ui(t# persons than to put a sin-(e innocent man todeath He ar-ued that e>ecutin- an accused crimina( on an#thin- (ess than a$so(ute certaint#

+ou(d (ead to a s(ipper# s(ope of decreasin- $urdens of proof , unti( +e +ou(d $e "indicatin-

mere(# accordin- to the


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T)e breaking w)eel was used during t)e middle Ages and was still in use into t)e 13t)

centur!.

&. . (odern era:

Modern nation states +ere emer-ed in the (ast se"era( centuries *his resu(ted of increased "io(ent crimina(it# at the times and p(aces of e>ecutions

(exican execution b! firing s@uad= 131&

*here +ere 1 0 crimes that +ere punisha$(e $# death $# 1=20 in Britain, inc(udin-

crimes such as shop(iftin-, pett# theft, stea(in- catt(e, or cuttin- do+n trees in pu$(ic p(ace

Page 1
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breaking_wheelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_righthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deterrence_(legal)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rational_choice_theory_(criminology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rational_choice_theory_(criminology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesare,_Marquis_of_Beccariahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dei_delitti_e_delle_penehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dei_delitti_e_delle_penehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremy_Benthamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Dickenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mexican_execution,_1914.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lamanie_kolem_L_001xx.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breaking_wheelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_righthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deterrence_(legal)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rational_choice_theory_(criminology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesare,_Marquis_of_Beccariahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dei_delitti_e_delle_penehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dei_delitti_e_delle_penehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremy_Benthamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Dickenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx


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&.&. Contemporar! era:

*he 20th centur# +as a "io(ent period *ens of mi((ions +ere .i((ed in +ars $et+een

nation states as +e(( as -enocide e>ecuted $# nation states a-ainst po(itica( opponents /$oth

percei"ed and actua( , ethnic and re(i-ious minorities 3n a i Ierman# there +ere three

t#pes of capita( punishment named han-in-, decapitation and death $# shootin- A(so,

modern mi(itar# or-ani ations set capita( punishment as a means of maintainin- mi(itar#

discip(ine *he So"iets, for e>amp(e, e>ecuted 15=,000 so(diers for desertion durin- or(d

ar 33 3n the past, co+ardice , a$sence +ithout (ea"e, desertion , insu$ordination , (ootin- ,

shir.in- under enem# fire and diso$e#in- orders +ere often crimes +hich +ere punisha$(e $#

death Cne method of e>ecution has a(most in"aria$(# $een firin- s6uad since firearms came

into common use

Polis) women being led to a Na i execution site in t)e Palmira forest= near ?arsaw.

arious authoritarian states emp(o#ed the death pena(t# as a potent means of po(itica(

inpert on Sta(in s pur-es, more than 1

mi((ion So"iet citi ens +ere e>ecuted durin- the Ireat *error of 18 : =, a(most a(( $# a

$u((et to the $ac. of the head Mao edon- pu$(ic(# stated that =00,000 peop(e had $een

e>ecuted after the ;ommunist 'art# s "ictor# in 1848 As a resu(t, ci"i( ri-hts or-ani ations

ha"e emphasi ed increasin-(# on the human ri-hts and a$o(ition of the death pena(t#

&.*. 0istor! of Abolition of 2eat) Penalt!:

Amon- countries around the +or(d, a(most a(( European and man# 'acific Area states

/inc(udin- Austra(ia, e+ ea(and and *imor Leste , and ;anada ha"e a$o(ished capita(

punishment 3n Latin America, most states ha"e comp(ete(# a$o(ished the use of capita(

punishment, +hi(e some countries, such as Bra i(, a((o+ for capita( punishment on(# ine>ceptiona( situations, such as treason committed durin- +artime *he !nited States /the

Page 14
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th_centuryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th_centuryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowardicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desertionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insubordinationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insubordinationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lootinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lootinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firing_squadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmiryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Conquesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Great_Terrorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Great_Terrorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mao_Zedonghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Revolution_(1949)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rightshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rightshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Timorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_the_United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Palmiry_ostatnia_droga.jpeghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th_centuryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cowardicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desertionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insubordinationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lootinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firing_squadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmiryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Conquesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Great_Terrorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mao_Zedonghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Revolution_(1949)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rightshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Timorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States


16/54

federa( -o"ernment and 2 of the states , Iuatema(a, most of the ;ari$$ean and the maamp(e, 9apan and 3ndia and Africa /for e>amp(e, Bots+ana and

am$ia retain it South Africa s ;onstitutiona( ;ourt , in


17/54

Deser"ed punishment protects societ# mora((# and ma.in- the crimina( pa# a price e6ui"a(ent

to the harm that he or she has done Death pena(t# -i"es the indication to the pu$(ic that

crimina( does not -et re+ard and the .i((er ne"er a-ain has the chance to .i((

Ho+e"er, in rea(it# this assumption is not a fact 3f that +ere true then peop(e +ou(d not

commit murder, rape and other crimes in fear that the# +ou(d $e prosecuted Histor# as +e((

as human $eha"ior has sho+n that death pena(t# does not deter peop(e from crime 3f it did

then +e +ou(d ne"er ha"e to use capita( punishment 'eop(e sti(( commit crime and do not

thin. or care a$out the conse6uences 3n Ban-(adesh capita( punishment is usin- for "arious

ma


18/54

He did ho+e"er a(so appea( to a more idea(istic ar-ument, assertin- that the death pena(t# is

$oth $ar$aric and 3mmora( /A ad, 200=

Death pena(t# for se"ere crime is fo((o+ed in Ban-(adesh $ut it does not decrease the

crime rate ;rime rate especia((# num$er of murders are increasin- e"er# #ear

A Comparative Crime tatistics in 5anglades) from #%%# to #%1# is given below:

Jear Dacoit

7o$$er#

Murder

Speed#

*rai( 7iot

omen

;hi(d7epres

sionGidnap pin-

'o(ice

Assau(t

Bur-(ar#

Cthers;ases

2002 8 1 8: 50 1 8 12: 1=8 : 1040 2=1 858 ==8=200 848 11:0 4:1 21:8 =80 20:1: =8 2:1 == 184

2004 ==5 120: 802 205 :54 1 1= =8= 2=0 5 :5 12005 :8 =8= 582 1=14 5:0 118=1 : 5 240 2:0 :004200 :85 =4 41 1 = 5:0 11: 0 :22 : 2881 : =1200: 104: 128= = 18=0 2 1521: ::4 2:= 44 8 8 224200= ==5 15= 4088 1:00 20 1524 =1: 28 4552 =:41:2008 : 4 128= 4218 1=1: 112 1 88: =5= 5: 45 =:0222010 5 1058 8== 1 1 0 1::52 =:0 4: 101 =:1 82011 50 10 8 8 1= 108 21 =8 :82 5=1 1 4 == 552012 58 8 4 4114 180: 84 2084: =50 58 282: 8 112

*ota( =8=

12:= 42== 20 1

0 48:1

1=12

1 82=2 405

80

= === 18

Source% ;rime Statistics 7eport 2012, Ban-(adesh

A stud! of ot)er deat) penalt! and non deat) penalt! countries:

A (oo. at other death pena(t# and non death pena(t# countries sho+ the trends that

death pena(t# countr# usua((# ha"e a hi-her murder rate than their nei-h$orin- non death

pena(t# countr# hen comparisons are made $et+een countries +ith the death pena(t# and

Page 1:


19/54

countries +ithout, the ma


20/54

A$o"e statistica( stud# inc(udes Gansas and e+ Jor. in the #ears after the# adopted

the death pena(t#, 1884 and 1885 respecti"e(# e+ 9erse# and e+ Jor. ended the death

pena(t# in the (atter part of 200: and +i(( not $e counted as death pena(t# states in 200=

At the end of this section it seems that death pena(t# is not an effecti"e +a# to decrease

the crime of a nation Death sentence shou(d $e a$o(ished as a capita( punishment Life(on-

ri-orous imprisonment shou(d $e e>ecuted as an a(ternati"e of death sentence For this +e

shou(d impro"e the infrastructure of custod# s#stem

/. 4uture of 2eat) Penalt! in 5anglades)

Ienera((#, death pena(t# is imposed on as a hi-hest punishment for doin- a +orst crime

such as murder, rape, acid thro+in-, inhumane acti"ities etc *his pena(t# is imposed on to

ma.e a si-nificant instance so that future crimina(s can fa(( $ac. to do that +orst crimes But

the main purpose of the imposition of this hi-hest punishment cannot see its success Because

sti(( no+ hi-h(# "io(ent crimes are occurred and there has no indications are seen for the

decreasin- rate of these crimes Since such crimes are e>ists and the sentence of death cannot

stop these crimes, so +h# this pena(t# +i(( $e imposed on +hereas another (ife is ta.en a+a#N

*his 6uestion can $e arisen in peop(e@s mind Besides, sometimes death sentences in the same

case cannot $e imposed on e6ua((# Some crimina(s -et death sentences and some -et (ife

imprisonment +hereas the case and ro(e of crimina(s are same So, +here is the e6ua(it# to

punish the crimina(sN *his is another "ita( 6uestion

*he (e-is(ati"e authorities of Ban-(adesh ar-ue that the death pena(t# is necessar# for

maintainin- contro( o"er serious crimes in the countr# and to transmit a messa-e to potentia(

offenders that committin- murder +i(( u(timate(# incur the death pena(t# 'ro death pena(t#

ad"ocates in the countr# c(aim that the death pena(t# he(ps the nation to esta$(ish peace and


21/54

does not amount to crue( punishment, +hich is prohi$ited in the countr# s supreme (a+ 3n

fact, such crue( punishment comprises a "io(ation of the ;onstitution $# underminin- the

natura( di-nit# of human $ein-s

*he ;ommittee on the 7i-hts of the ;hi(d has repeated(# e>pressed concern thatBan-(adesh (a+ does not c(ear(# prec(ude the death pena(t# for offenses defendants commit

+hi(e under the a-e of 1=, a(thou-h Ban-(adesh asserts that in practice such indi"idua(s are

not e>ecuted *he Human 7i-hts ;ounci(, in its 2008 !ni"ersa( 'eriodic 7e"ie+ of human

ri-hts in Ban-(adesh, encoura-ed Ban-(adesh to continue imp(ementin- $irth re-istr#

measures desi-ned to protect the ri-hts of chi(dren, and recommended that Ban-(adesh

institute a moratorium on e>ecutions, restrict the scope of the death pena(t# to comp(# +ith

minima( internationa( standards, and a$o(ish the death pena(t#

*he death pena(t# is e>treme(# inhuman, de-radin- and crue( *he constitution and the

!ni"ersa( Dec(aration on Human 7i-hts prohi$it it, $ut Ban-(adesh continues to e>ercise it

Ban-(adesh shou(d o$e# the nationa( and internationa( treaties and human ri-hts dec(arations

and a$o(ish the death pena(t# immediate(#, if the# $e(ie"e, e"en a $it, that (ife and ri-hts are

"a(ua$(e Ban-(adesh is a si-nator# of the !ni"ersa( Dec(aration of Human 7i-hts /!DH7

and the 3nternationa( Bi(( of 7i-hts So, Ban-(adesh mi-ht +ant to consider scrappin- the

death pena(t# from its pena( code

;rimina(s no dou$t deser"e to $e punished, and punished +ith se"erit# appropriate to

their cu(pa$i(it# and the harm the# ha"e caused to the innocent But se"erit# of punishment

has its (imits imposed $oth $#


22/54

state sanctioned murder and not ci"i(i ed *he death pena(t# has $een attri$uted to societies

for hundreds of #ears More recent(#, as +e $ecome more ci"i(i ed, the death pena(t# has

$een 6uestioned to $e the ri-ht step to+ards pected of them Some of the historica( methods of e>ecution +ere restricted on(# $# one@s ima-ination the# inc(ude

f(a#in- or $ur#in- a(i"e, $oi(in- in oi(, crushin- $eneath the +hee(s of "ehic(es or the feet of

e(ephants, thro+in- to +i(d $easts, forcin- com$at in the arena, $(o+in- from the mouth of a

cannon, impa(in-, piercin- +ith ecuted crimina(s spec.ed the countr#, +hich sent out a +arnin- to a(( those +ho dare

def# the (a+, or other+ise acted as a deterrent E>ecutions +ere a(+a#s conducted in pu$(ic

and often $ecame the scene of drun.en -atherin-s to +itness the e>ecution 3t reminds me of

a(( these horrif#in- $(ood ridden mo"ies +e +atch toda# 'eop(e are dra+n to such

spectac(es, $ecause the# are not -ettin- .i((ed Furthermore, death is one of the -reat

un.no+ns in a(( of man.ind ;rimes of e"er# description a-ainst the state, a-ainst the person,

a-ainst propert#, a-ainst pu$(ic peace +ere made punisha$(e $# death in ear(# En-(ish (a+s

3t is some+hat curious that an# of these horrendous and inhumane methods of e>ecution

sur"i"ed as (on- as the# did, for the En-(ish Bi(( of 7i-hts of 1 =8 proscri$ed &crue( and

Page 21


23/54

unusua() punishments +hich is sti(( in use toda# in the American ;onstitution E"en +ith

fair(# re(a>ed (a+ enforcement after 1=00, $et+een t+o thousand and three thousand persons

+ere sentenced to death each #ear from 1=05 to 1=10 *his is a "er# (ar-e amount e"en $#

toda#@s standards Furthermore, se"era( decisions, (ater on in histor#, handed do+n $# the

Supreme ;ourt in the post or(d ar 33 #ears ha"e had a si-nificant effect on the effects of

$oth proponents and opponents of capita( punishment *he# inc(ude Louisiana " 7es+e$er

/184 crue(t# dea(in- +ith humane +a#s of e>ecution, ne>t +as the !nited States " 9ac.son

/18 : the pro"isions that dea(t +ith .idnappin-, ne>t +as itherspoon " 3((inois /18 =

determined e>c(udin- p(ain +h# some peop(e oppose it and some

impose it

*he peop(e +ho oppose the death pena(t# ha"e "er# different reasons than peop(e +ho

a-ree +ith it *hose +ho oppose it fee( that no matter ho+ $ad of an offense that the crimina(

has committed, the# shou(d not $e e>ecuted Cne ar-ument is that the con"icted cou(d $e

innocent Cnce the state .i((s an innocent person, the effects are irre"ersi$(e *here ha"e $eenat (east 8 instances since 18: of +ron-fu((# con"icted peop(e set free $efore the states had

a chance to .i(( them 3f there are 8 cases, cau-ht $efore the# cou(d $e sentenced to death,

then thin. a$out a(( of the cases that ha"en@t $een cau-ht D A e"idence has come a (on-

+a# to he(p these innocent peop(e to their freedom *he fo((o+in- person is an e>amp(e of

one of those peop(e +ron-fu((# condemned $# (ac. of e"idence & ate a(.er 3n Ma# 18: ,

ate +as sentenced to (ife in prison for a 18:4 E(i a$eth, 9 , .idnappin- and rape *en

#ears (ater ate@s tria( prosecutor a-reed that ate a(.er +as an innocent man A t+e("e

#ear o(d semen specimen +as (ocated and ana(# ed 3t pro"ed that ate had a different $(ood

t#pe from the rea( rapist ate +as officia((# c(eared and freed $# the count#@s presidin-


24/54

occurred due to some i(( proper in"esti-atin-, prepressed in the Our@an, death pena(t# is

condoned A(thou-h the Our@an prescri$es the capita( punishment / hudud as death pena(t#for se"era( hadd /fi>ed crimes, sin-(e murder is not amon- them 3nstead, sin-(e murder is

treated as a ci"i( crime and is co"ered $# the (a+ of qisas /reta(iation , +here$# the re(ati"es

of the "ictim decide +hether the offender is punished +ith death / kitaal $# the authorities or

made to pa# diyah /+er-i(d as compensation 5

&3f an#one .i((s personPun(ess it $e for murder or for spreadin- mischief in the (andP

it +ou(d $e as if he .i((ed a(( peop(e And if an#one sa"es a (ife, it +ou(d $e as if he sa"ed the

(ife of a(( peop(e) /Our@an 5% 2 &Spreadin- mischief in the (and) can mean man# different

thin-s, $ut is -enera((# interpreted to mean those crimes that affect the communit# as a

+ho(e, and desta$i(i e the societ# ;rimes that ha"e fa((en under this description ha"e

inc(uded% /1 *reason, +hen one he(ps an enem# of the Mus(im communit# /2 Apostas#,

+hen one (ea"es the faith / Land, sea, or air pirac# /4 7ape /5 Adu(ter# /

Homose>ua( $eha"ior /: Gi((in- more than sin-(e person

5 Acts no 81, 8 , 45, Ban-(adesh 'ena( ;ode 1= 0

Page 2


25/54

C)ristianit!:

A(thou-h some interpret that 9esus@ teachin-s condemn the death pena(t# in *he Iospe(

of Lu.e and *he Iospe( of Matthe+ re-ardin- *urnin- the other chee., and 9ohn =%: in

+hich 9esus inter"enes in the stonin- of an adu(terous, re$u.in- the mo$ +ith the phrase

&ma# he +ho is +ithout sin cast the first stone), others consider 7omans 1 % 4 to support it

A(so, Le"iticus 20%2 2: has a +ho(e (ist of situations in +hich e>ecution is supported

;hristian positions on this "ar# *he si>th commandment /fifth in the 7oman ;atho(ic and

Lutheran churches is preached as ?*hou sha(t not .i((@ $# some denominations and as ?*hou

sha(t not murder@ $# others As some denominations do not ha"e a hard (ine stance on the

su$treme of e>ecutin- the offender e>cept in cases of a$so(ute

necessit#% in other +ords, +hen it +ou(d not $e possi$(e other+ise to defend societ# *oda#

ho+e"er, as a resu(t of stead# impro"ements in the or-ani ation of the pena( s#stem, such

cases are "er# rare, if not practica((# non e>istent ) *he most recent edition of the ;atechism

of the ;atho(ic ;hurch restates this "ie+

Buddhist 'riest in *i$et, Da(ai Lama supported the moratorium of death pena(t#

11.Capital Punis)ment in international law:

;rimes 'unisha$(e $# Death are :

A--ra"ated Murder

Murder *he un(a+fu( .i((in- of one human $# another, especia((# +ith premeditated

ma(ice

*he Da(ai Lama, Messa-e supportin- the moratorium on the death pena(t#: Le-is(ati"e counci( state of Cre-on, 'a-e 15

Page 24


26/54

Cther Cffenses 7esu(tin- in Death

7o$$er# resu(tin- in death is a death e(i-i$(e offense for each of the offenders

in"o("ed in the ro$$er# Maimin- of +omen and chi(dren $# e>p(osi"e, poisonous or

corrosi"e su$stances is, +hen resu(tin- in death, a capita( offense *he (i.e(ihood of or intent to cause death or -rie"ous inecuted, and resu(tin- in the defendant@s con"iction and

e>ecution, is punisha$(e $# death *errorism 7e(ated Cffenses 7esu(tin- in Death *errorism 7e(ated Cffenses ot 7esu(tin- in Death 7ape of Adu(t ot 7esu(tin- in Death 7ape of ;hi(d ot 7esu(tin- in Death

Gidnappin- ot 7esu(tin- in Death Dru- *raffic.in- ot 7esu(tin- in Death Dru- 'ossession *reason Espiona-e Mi(itar# Cffenses ot 7esu(tin- in Death

1#.Capital Punis)ment in 5anglades):

3n Ban-(adesh pena( pro"isions ha"e $een made in 'ena( ;ode 1= 0 *he fo((o+in-

t#pes of offences is punisha$(e +ith death

Murder % Sec 02 Murder $# (ife con"ict% Sec 0 A$atement of suicide of chi(d or insane person% Sec 05 Attempt to murder $# (ife con"ict causin- hurt% Sec 0: Dacoit +ith murder% Sec 8 Gidnappin- for ransom /Section 4A Ii"in- or fa$ricatin- fa(se e"idence +ith to procure con"iction of capita( offence%

Sec 184 a-in- or attemptin- to +a-e +ar a-ainst Ban-(adesh% Sec 121 A$atement of mutin#% Sec 1 1 ;ounterfeitin- currenc# notes and Io"ernment stamps Section 25A, Smu--(in- in Section 25B, and Adu(teration of, or sa(e adu(terated food, drin. dru-s or cosmetics in Section 25; Cther La+s in Ban-(adesh +hich Dea( +ith ;apita( 'unishment

Section 18A of the Arms Act, 1=:=, dea(s +ith capita( punishment Section 25 B of the

Specia( 'o+ers Act permits death pena(t# 'ro"isions of the Section, : 8 of the ari C

Shishu ir


27/54

Act Besides these some pro"isions of some other (a+s dea( +ith capita( punishment in

Ban-(adesh Acid Santras Ain is one of the most important Acts in this cate-or#

1'.7lobal distribution of deat) penalt! in #%1#: *he !SA is the on(# countr# to ha"e carried out e>ecutions in the Americas Be(arus is the on(# countr# to ha"e e>ecuted in Europe and centra( Asia *he !SA and Be(arus +ere the on(# t+o of the 5 mem$er states of the or-ani ation

for securit# and co operation in Europe to ha"e carried out e>ecutions Fi"e of the 54 mem$er states of the African union +ere .no+n to ha"e carried out

ecutions% Bots+ana, Iam$ia, Soma(ia, south Sudan and Sudan *hirt#

se"en mem$er states are a$o(itionist in (a+ or practice Se"en of 214mem$er states of the (ea-ue of Ara$ states carried out confirmed

e>ecutions% 3ra6, 'a(estine, Saudi Ara$ia, Soma(ia, Sudan, the united Ara$ emirates /!AE and Jemen *here +ere reports of e>ecutions in S#ria $ut it +as

not possi$(e to "erif# them due to the current conf(ict o e>ecutions +ere recorded in the 10 mem$er states of the association of Southeast

Asian nations Fi"e of the 54 mem$er states of the common+ea(th +ere .no+n to ha"e carried out

e>ecutions% Ban-(adesh, Bots+ana, Iam$ia, 3ndia and 'a.istan, 9apan and the !SA +ere the on(#

countries in the -= to ha"e carried out e>ecutions 1:4 of the 18 mem$er states of the !nited ations +ere e>ecution free in 2012 =

7lobal 4igures

At (east 21 countries +ere .no+n to ha"e carried out e>ecutions in 2012 Ho+e"er, it is

unc(ear if e>ecutions +ere carried out in countries in turmoi(, such as S#ria, in 2012 3n2011,

e6ua((# 21 countries +ere reported to ha"e imp(emented death sentences *hese fi-ures

represent a si-nificant decrease from a decade a-o in 200 , 2= countries carried out

e>ecutions

1'.1. 6eported executions in #%1#

Af-hanistan /14 , Ban-(adesh /1 , Be(arus / Q , Bots+ana /2 , ;hina /Q , Iam$ia /8 ,

3ndia /1 , 3ran / 14Q , 3ra6 /128Q , 9apan /: , orth Gorea / Q , 'a.istan /1 , 'a(estinian

Authorit# / , Hamas de facto administration in Ia a , Saudi Ara$ia /:8Q , Soma(ia / Q 5Q

= Ban-(adesh 'ena( ;ode, arts 4/A , =, o 45 of 1= 0

Page 2


28/54

$# the *ransitiona( Federa( Io"ernment, and 1in 'unt (and , South Sudan /5Q , Sudan /18Q ,

*ai+an / , !nited Ara$ Emirates /!AE /1 , !SA /4 , Jemen/2=Q 8

At (east =2 e>ecutions +ere .no+n to ha"e $een carried out +or(d+ide, t+o more

than in 2011 Ho+e"er, these fi-ures do not inc(ude the thousands of peop(e +ho +ere

$e(ie"ed to ha"e $een e>ecuted in ;hina Since its 2008 report, Amnest# 3nternationa(

stopped pu$(ishin- its estimates on the use of the death pena(t# in ;hina, +here such data are

considered a state secret Amnest# 3nternationa( rene+s its cha((en-e to the ;hinese

authorities to pu$(ish fi-ures for the num$er of peop(e sentenced to death and e>ecuted each

#ear, to confirm their c(aims that there has $een a si-nificant reduction in the use of the death

pena(t# in the countr# since 200: Amnest# 3nternationa( has a(so recei"ed credi$(e reports of

a (ar-e num$er of unconfirmed e>ecutions in 3ran, +hich +ou(d surpass the num$er of

officia((# ac.no+(ed-ed e>ecutions $# a(most three 6uarters Cfficia( fi-ures on the use of the

death pena(t# +ere a"ai(a$(e on(# in a sma(( num$er of countries 3n Be(arus, ;hina,

Mon-o(ia and iet am, data on the use of the death pena(t# continued to $e c(assified as a

state secret Litt(e or no information +as a"ai(a$(e in some countries, in particu(ar Be(i e,

E-#pt, Eritrea, Li$#a, Ma(a#sia, orth Gorea, Suriname and S#ria, due to restricti"e state

practice andRor po(itica( insta$i(it# 3t is possi$(e that ecutions did in fact ta.e p(ace

in S#ria, $ut none cou(d $e confirmed for the present report

Amnest# 3nternationa( has recorded e>ecutions in S#ria for a(( of the past 10 #ears e>cept

2005

3n Be(arus and 9apan, prisoners +ere not informed of their forthcomin- e>ecution, nor

+ere their fami(ies or (a+#ers 3n Be(arus and Bots+ana, the $odies of the e>ecuted prisoners

+ere not returned to their fami(ies for $uria(

1'.#. 6eported deat) sentences in #%1#

Af-hanistan /Q , A(-eria /15 Q , Bahrain /1 , Ban-(adesh /45Q , Bar$ados /2 , Bots+ana /5 ,

;had /2 , ;hina/Q , Democratic 7epu$(ic of ;on-o /11Q , E-#pt /81Q , E6uatoria( Iuinea

/1 , Iam$ia /5Q , Ihana /2: , Iuinea /2Q , Iu#ana /5 , 3ndia /:=Q , 3ndonesia /12Q , 3ran8 7eport of Amnest# 3nternationa(, 2012

Page 2:


29/54

/:8Q , 3ra6 /=1Q , 9apan / , 9ordan /1 Q , Gen#a/21Q , Gu+ait /8Q , Laos /Q , Le$anon /8Q ,

Li$eria /4Q , Li$#a /5Q , Ma(di"es /2Q , Ma(a#sia / 0Q , Ma(i/10Q , Mauritania / Q ,

Mon-o(ia /Q , MoroccoR estern Sahara /:Q , M#anmar /1:Q , i-eria /5 , orth Gorea /Q ,

'a.istan /242 , 'a(estinian Authorit# / Q% 5Q Hamas authorities, Ia a 1 'A, est Ban. ,

Oatar /1Q , Saudi Ara$ia /10Q , Sin-apore /2Q , Soma(ia /: Q% 51Q $# the *ransitiona(

Federa( Io"ernment :Qin'unt(and 1=Q in Soma(i(and , South Gorea /2 , South Sudan /Q ,

Sri Lan.a /:Q , Sudan /188Q , S+a i(and /1 , *ai+an /: , *an ania / , *hai(and /10 Q ,

*rinidad and *o$a-o /5Q , *unisia /8 , !AE /21Q , !SA/:: , iet am /= Q , Jemen /:Q ,

am$ia /:Q , im$a$+e /11Q 10

At (east 1,:22 peop(e +ere .no+n to ha"e $een sentenced to death in 5= countries in 2012

1+.2eat) Penalt! Abolis)ed Countries

;ountries that ha"e a$o(ished the death sentence for a(( crimes%

Andorra 1880An-o(a 1882

Austra(ia 18=5Austria 18 =

A er$ai


30/54

France 18=1Ieor-ia 188:

Ierman# 1848R18=:Ireece 188

Iuinea Bissau 188Haiti 18=:

Honduras 185Hun-ar# 18803ce(and 182=

3re(and, 7epu$(ic of 18803ta(# 1884

Giri$ati 18:8Liechtenstein 18=:

Lithuania 188=Lu>em$our- 18:8Macedonia, RA

Ma(ta 2000Marsha(( 3s(ands 18=

Mauritius 1885Micronesia 18=Mo(do"a 1885Monaco 18 2

Mo am$i6ue 1880 ami$ia 1880

epa( 188:*he ether(ands 18=2 e+ ea(and 18=8

icara-ua 18:8 or+a# 18:8

'a(au RA'anama 180

'ara-ua# 1882'o(and 188:

'ortu-a( 18:7omania 18=8

San Marino 1= 5STo *omU and 'rVncipe 1880Ser$ia and Montene-ro 2002

Se#che((es 188S(o"a. 7epu$(ic 1880 1

Page 28


31/54

S(o"enia 18=8So(omon 3s(ands 18

South Africa 188:Spain 1885

S+eden 18:2S+it er(and 1882*imor Leste 1888

*ur.menistan 1888*u"a(u 18:=!.raine 1888

!nited Gin-dom 188=!ru-ua# 180:anuatu 18=0

atican ;it# 18 8ene ue(a 1=

RA W not a"ai(a$(e 1 *he death pena(t# +as a$o(ished in the ; ech and S(o"a. Federa(

7epu$(ic in 1880 Cn 9anuar# 1, 188 the ; ech and S(o"a. Federa( 7epu$(ic di"ided into

t+o states, the ; ech 7epu$(ic and the S(o"a. 7epu$(ic *he (ast e>ecution in the ; ech and

S(o"a. Federa( 7epu$(ic +as in 18== 2 *he death pena(t# +as a$o(ished in the Federa(

7epu$(ic of Ierman# /F7I in 1848 and in the Ierman Democratic 7epu$(ic /ID7 in

18=: *he (ast e>ecution in the F7I +as in 1848 the date of the (ast e>ecution in the ID7 is

not .no+n *he F7I and the ID7 +ere unified in Ccto$er 1880Amnest# 3nternationa( 11

A move toward abolis)ment of deat) penalt! b! 7reat 5ritain

An Act to a$o(ish capita( punishment in the case of persons con"icted in Ireat Britain

of murder or con"icted of murder or a correspondin- offence $# court martia( and, in

connection there+ith, to ma.e further pro"ision for the punishment of persons so con"icted

X=th o"em$er 18 5Y

Annotations% He(p a$out Annotation

E>tent 3nformation

E1For e>tent of this Act in re(ation to orthern 3re(and see s / 1 A$o(ition of death pena(t#

for murder

/1 o person sha(( suffer death for murder, and a person con"icted of murder sha(( F1 $e

sentenced to imprisonment for (ife

11 3 DEK% A;* 50R001R201 ,Death sentences and e>ecutions in 2012,Amnest# 3nternationa( Apri( 201

Page 0


32/54

/2 Cn sentencin- an# person con"icted of murder to imprisonment for (ife the ;ourt ma# at

the same time dec(are the period +hich it recommends to the Secretar# of State as the

minimum period +hich in its "ie+ shou(d e(apse $efore the Secretar# of State orders the

re(ease of that person on (icense under section XF2 1 of the M1;rimina( 9ustice Act 18 :Y

/ For the purpose of an# proceedin-s on or su$se6uent to a person@s tria( on a char-e of

capita( murder, that char-e and an# p(ea or findin- of -ui(t# of capita( murder sha(( $e treated

as $ein- or ha"in- $een a char-e, or a p(ea or findin- of -ui(t#, of murder on(# and if at the

commencement of this Act a person is under sentence of death for murder, the sentence sha((

ha"e effect as a sentence of imprisonment for (ife

/4 3n the fore-oin- su$sections an# reference to murder sha(( inc(ude an offence of or

correspondin- to murder under section :0 of the M2Arour Act 1855 or of the M Air Force

Act 1855 or under section 42 of the M4 a"a( Discip(ine Act 185:, and an# reference to

capita( murder sha(( $e construed accordin-(# and in each of the said sections :0 there sha((

$e inserted in su$section / after para-raph /a as a ne+ para-raph /aa

&/aa if the correspondin- ci"i( offence is murder, $e (ia$(e to imprisonment for (ife) 12

1 . peec) of 8ualified (edical Professionals about 2eat) Penalt!:

*he American Medica( Association ethica( -uide(ines state that &a ph#sician shou(d not

$e a participant in a (e-a((# authori ed e>ecution) and pro"ides a (ist of actions that are prohi$ited *he American ursin- Association states that &participation in e>ecutions is

contrar# to the fundamenta( -oa(s and ethica( traditions of the profession ) A(so (etha(

inecution )'articipation is defined to inc(ude &monitorin- "ita( si-ns on site or remote(#

/inc(udin- monitorin- e(ectrocardio-rams attendin- or o$ser"in- an e>ecution as a

ph#sician and renderin- of technica( ad"ice re-ardin- e>ecution ) 1 Because pronouncin-

death re6uires a ph#sician to monitor an inmate@s "ita( si-ns, either "ia e(ectrocardio-ram or12 Murder /a$o(ition of death pena(t# act 18 5, chapter :1, En-(ish House of ;ommons1 AMA s ;ode of Medica( Ethics

Page 1


33/54


34/54

+hich is e6ua((# foundationa(, #et +hich does not re6uire capita( punishment, name(#

le!sili"a retri$ution

Fina((#, critics of capita( punishment ar-ue that the true $asis of retri$uti"e

ecute crimina(s

3mmanue( Gant offered an a(ternati"e retri$uti"e


35/54

$t creates anot)er form of crime deterrent:

;rime +ou(d run rampant as ne"er $efore if there +asn@t some +a# to deter peop(e

from committin- the acts 'rison time is an effecti"e deterrent, $ut +ith some peop(e, more is

needed 'rosecutors shou(d ha"e the option of usin- a "ariet# of punishments in order to

minimi e crime

,ur -ustice s!stem s)ows more s!mpat)! for criminals t)an it does victims:

3t@s time +e put the emphasis of our crimina( ist, the tria( and appea(s process is so thorou-h it@s ne>t toimpossi$(e to con"ict an innocent person 7emem$er, a


36/54

-uard time, and so on hen #ou e(iminate the death pena(t# as an option, it means that

prisoner must $e housed for (ife *hus, it on(# adds to the pro$(em of an o"ercro+ded prison

s#stem

$t gives prosecutors anot)er bargaining c)ip in t)e petition bargain process= w)ic) is

essential in cutting costs in an overcrowded court s!stem.

*he num$er of crimina( cases that are p(ea $ar-ained can $e as hi-h as =0 or 80 percent

of cases ith the time, cost, and personne( re6uirements of a crimina( case, there rea((# isn@tmuch of a choice *he "ast maistence of the death

pena(t# -i"es prosecutors much more f(e>i$i(it# and po+er to ensure


37/54

"io(ated of Artic(e Artic(e 5 of the !ni"ersa( Dec(aration of Human 7i-hts 3t@s a(so

"io(ates the &natura( ri-hts) (aid $# 1: th centur# En-(ish phi(osopher 9ohn Loc.e

T)e possibilit! of error

*he most common and most co-ent ar-ument a-ainst capita( punishment is that sooner

or (ater, innocent peop(e +i(( -et .i((ed, $ecause of mista.es or f(a+s in the


38/54


39/54

$nade@uate Legal 6epresentation

'erhaps the most important factor in determinin- +hether a defendant +i(( recei"e the

death pena(t# is the 6ua(it# of the representation he or she is pro"ided

T)e famil! of t)e executed

3s "ictimi ed and punished $# ha"in- their $e(o"ed one murdered $# the state Jet the

fami(# is usua((# innocent of an# crime

;selessness

Gi((in- a murderer does not $rin- his "ictim $ac. to (ife 3t achie"es nothin- $ut the

death of sti(( another person

Page =


40/54

1/. 4indings and Anal!sis of urve! 8uestions: *he ans+ers of the a$o"e 6uestions he(p us to find out our ans+ers of sur"e# 6uestions

+hich -i"e us an u(timate resu(t +hether death pena(t# shou(d $e a$o(ished or not First(#,

most of the indi"idua(s support death pena(t# *he# thin. that the death pena(t# shou(d not $e

a$o(ished as there ma# $e the chance of increasin- more crime Minorit# thin.s that death

pena(t# shou(d $e a$o(ished as it is human ri-ht to (i"e in the +or(d Second(#, Most of the

indi"idua(s thin. that the death pena(t# is effecti"e for our societ# as peop(e ma# do not

commit the crime punisha$(e to death $ein- fear of death of death pena(t# *hird(#, most of

the peop(e thin. that a (ife(on- imprisonment can $e an a(ternati"e of death pena(t# e are

sho+in- this resu(t thou-h a $ar dia-ram $e(o+%

So, after ana(# in- the sur"e# resu(t +e ha"e fond out that Death pena(t# shou(d not $e a$o(ished at a((

Page 8


41/54

3t is effecti"e enou-h in our societ# Sometimes (ife(on- imprisonment ma# $e an a(ternati"e of death pena(t# 3nnocent peop(e shou(d not $e con"icted to death Death pena(t# shou(d $e imposed $# not "io(atin- socia( ri-ht to (i"e in societ#

13. 6ecommendations:

A(( the discussion on a$o"e that some points are so stron- in fa"or of Death 'ena(t#

and some are stron-(# opposed it *he de$ate a$out capita( punishment, co((o6uia((# .no+n

as the death pena(t#, is hi-h(# contro"ersia( *his de$ate is present in countries +ith a decent

freedom of speech, +here the death pena(t# is a$o(ished or used on(# for con"icted

murderers

Cpponents ar-ue that it (eads to miscarria-es of ecution of this punishment is "er# e>pensi"e and

de"e(opin- countr# (i.e Ban-(adesh can@t afford this 100Z Cn the other hand a(( other

a(ternati"e free form this pro$(em and +e thin. our so(ution a(so producti"e for the countr#

e $e(ie"e that +e shou(d not necessari(# a$o(ish the death pena(t# comp(ete(#,


42/54

hi(e the inmate is in


43/54

An issue that has continua((# created tension in toda#@s societ# is +hether the death

pena(t# ser"es as a tremists from $oth sides start #e((in- out their ar-uments Cne side

sa#s deterrence, the other side sa#s there@s a potentia( of e>ecutin- an innocent man one sa#s

ecution is murder ;rime is an

e"ident part of societ#, and e"er#one is a+are that somethin- must $e done a$out it Most

peop(e .no+ the threat of crime to their (i"es, $ut the 6uestion (ies in the methods and action

in +hich it shou(d $e dea(t +ith *here is de$ate o"er the mora(s and effecti"eness of such a

harsh sentence *he punishment for murder is -ettin- to $e shorter and shorter Some case

capita( punishment has pro"en to ha"e -ood $enefits upon the countr# in determinin- the

conse6uences that crimina(s deser"e *his is needed to ensure the safet# and mora( "a(ues of

societ# 3f this is the case, there is no need for us to consider the e>penses in"o("ed in the

death pena(t# ;ertain(# human (i"es are more important, for it ma# easi(# $e #ours e

shou(d not a$o(ish capita( punishment, $ut ho(d our countr# accounta$(e for proper(#

e>ercisin- the death pena(t# upon that issue +hich is no a(ternati"e +a# to punishin- +ho

deser"e it most Ii"en the $enefits of capita( punishment, it is hard to ima-ine +h# an#one

+ou(d $e a-ainst it, $ut there are se"era( ar-uments a-ainst the death sentence that need to $e

addressed Cpponents of the death pena(t# point out that there is a possi$i(it# of +ron-(#

e>ecutin- an innocent man Cf course, there is a possi$i(it# of +ron-(# sendin- an innocent

man to prison, or +ron-(# finin- an innocent man, $ut the# contend that $ecause of the

fina(it# and se"erit# of the death pena(t#, the conse6uences of +ron-(# e>ecutin- an innocent

person are much more +ron- *he e>ecution of an innocent man is a stron- enou-h ar-ument

to a$o(ish the death pena(t#

6eferences:

Primar! ource:

Page 42


44/54

e conducted a sur"e# of 50 indi"idua( on death pena(t# to find +hether death pena(t#

shou(d $e a$o(ished or not Most of the indi"idua(s +ere of a-e a$o"e 1= and a(( of them

+ere educated *he participants of the sur"e# +ere main(# the under-raduate and -raduate

students of other uni"ersities and officia(s of different or-ani ations

5ibliograp)!:

1. Bedau, H A , 2001, &Fein$er- s Li$era( *heor# of 'unishment,) Buffa(o ;rimina( La+

7e"ie+,pa-e 10

)ttp:BBplato.stanford.eduBentriesBpunis)mentB

#. L 7anda, editor, Societ# s Fina( So(ution% A Histor# and Discussion of the Death

'ena(t#, !ni"ersit# 'ress of America, 188:

http%RR+++ deathpena(t#info or-Rpart i histor# death pena(t#

'. Death 'ena(t# in Midd(e A-es $# 'u$(ic Broadcastin- Ser"ice, &Histor# of Death

'ena(t#) &Societ#@s fina( So(ution) $# Laura E 7anda, ed , !ni"ersit# 'ress of

America, 3nc , 188:

)ttp:BBwww.pbs.orgBwgb)BpagesBfrontlineBs)owsBexecutionBreadingsB)istor!.)tml

+. Scha$as, i((iam /2002 , ;hapter ,&3nternationna( ;rimina( La+) in &*he A$o(ition of

the Death 'ena(t# in 3nternationa( La+), ;am$rid-e !ni"ersit# 'ress, pa-e 2 5

)ttp:BBbooks.google.com.bdBbooks

idDL7uT 2P+ e(CFpgDPA# 1FlpgDPA# [email protected]%3 c)abas=H?illiamH

G#/#%%#G#3.H

GE#G/%G3CT)eHAbolitionHofHt)eH2eat)HPenalt!HinH$nternationalHLaw

GE#G/%G32=HCambridgeH;niversit!HPressFsourceDblFotsD,dTnam#rv!FsigD&r&9T%'wgd

#7r,*E@)I/8iu$!wF)lDenFsaD9FeiD;5Jx; nw4JP7rAf


45/54

. Acts no 81, 8 , 45, Ban-(adesh 'ena( ;ode 1= 0

)ttp:BBwww.deat)penalt!worldwide.orgBcountr! searc) post.cfm

languageDfrFcountr!D5anglades)

&. *he Da(ai Lama, Messa-e supportin- the moratorium on the death pena(t#

)ttp:BBwww.engaged en.orgB002L( 7.)tml

*. Le-is(ati"e counci( state of Cre-on, 'a-e 15

)ttp:BBdeat)penalt!.procon.orgBview.resource.p)p resource$2D%%11*#

/. Ban-(adesh 'ena( ;ode, arts 4/A , =, o 45 of 1= 0

)ttp:BBbdlaws.minlaw.gov.bdBprint sections all.p)p idD11

3. 7eport of Amnest# 3nternationa(, 2012

)ttp:BBfiles.amnest!.orgBair1#Bair #%1# full en.pdf

1%. 3 DEK% A;* 50R001R201 ,Death sentences and e>ecutions in 2012,Amnest#

3nternationa( Apri( 201

)ttp:BBwww.amnest!.orgBenBnewsBdeat) penalt! #%1# despite setbacks deat)

penalt! free world came closer #%1' %+ 1% %

11. Murder /a$o(ition of death pena(t# act 18 5, chapter :1, En-(ish House of ;ommons

)ttp:BBwww.legislation.gov.ukBukpgaB13& B*1

1#. AMA s ;ode of Medica( Ethics

)ttp:BBvirtualmentor.ama assn.orgB#%1#B% Bcoet1 1#% .)tml

1'. Ban-(adesh 'ena( ;ode, Section 24

)ttp:BBbdlaws.minlaw.gov.bdBpdf part.p)p idD11

1+. 7eport on ;apita( 'unishment in !nited States 200=

)ttp:BBwww.deat)penalt!info.orgB#%%/JearEnd.pdf

1 . ;rime Statistics 7eport 2012, Ban-(adesh

)ttps:BBwww.amnest!.orgBenBregionBbanglades)Breport #%1#

1&. &3nternationa( 'o((s and Studies) Death 'ena(t# 3nformation ;enter)ttp:BBwww.deat)penalt!info.orgBinternational polls and studies %

Page 44
http://www.deathpenaltyworldwide.org/country-search-post.cfm?language=fr&country=Bangladeshhttp://www.deathpenaltyworldwide.org/country-search-post.cfm?language=fr&country=Bangladeshhttp://www.engaged-zen.org/HHDLMSG.htmlhttp://deathpenalty.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceID=001172http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/print_sections_all.php?id=11http://files.amnesty.org/air12/air_2012_full_en.pdfhttp://www.amnesty.org/en/news/death-penalty-2012-despite-setbacks-death-penalty-free-world-came-closer-2013-04-10-0http://www.amnesty.org/en/news/death-penalty-2012-despite-setbacks-death-penalty-free-world-came-closer-2013-04-10-0http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1965/71http://virtualmentor.ama-assn.org/2012/05/coet1-1205.htmlhttp://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/pdf_part.php?id=11http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/2008YearEnd.pdfhttps://www.amnesty.org/en/region/bangladesh/report-2012http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/international-polls-and-studies-0http://www.deathpenaltyworldwide.org/country-search-post.cfm?language=fr&country=Bangladeshhttp://www.deathpenaltyworldwide.org/country-search-post.cfm?language=fr&country=Bangladeshhttp://www.engaged-zen.org/HHDLMSG.htmlhttp://deathpenalty.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceID=001172http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/print_sections_all.php?id=11http://files.amnesty.org/air12/air_2012_full_en.pdfhttp://www.amnesty.org/en/news/death-penalty-2012-despite-setbacks-death-penalty-free-world-came-closer-2013-04-10-0http://www.amnesty.org/en/news/death-penalty-2012-despite-setbacks-death-penalty-free-world-came-closer-2013-04-10-0http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1965/71http://virtualmentor.ama-assn.org/2012/05/coet1-1205.htmlhttp://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/pdf_part.php?id=11http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/2008YearEnd.pdfhttps://www.amnesty.org/en/region/bangladesh/report-2012http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/international-polls-and-studies-0


46/54

APPEN2$9

urve! 6esult:

e ha"e -ot some o$ser"ation from a sur"e# of 50 peop(e on death pena(t# e aresho+in- this resu(t throu-h pie chart for e"er# 6uestion

1. Do #ou thin. death pena(t# infrin-es $asic human ri-htN

;omments o of "otes

for each commentStron-(# A-ree 2A-ree 2

eutra( 8Disa-reeStron-(# Disa-ree 1*ota( 50

Page 45


47/54

#. Murders, assassination, -enocide can $e e>terminated on(# throu-h death pena(t#N

;omments o of "otesfor each commentStron-(# A-ree 2A-ree 20

eutra( 2Disa-ree 1Stron-(# Disa-ree 1*ota( 50

Page 4


48/54

'. Bein- panic re-ardin- death pena(t# some pro$a$(e miscreants ma# restrainthemse("es from committin- murders

;omments o of "otes


eutra( 2Disa-reeStron-(# Disa-ree 10*ota( 50

+. *he hearin- of a murder case shou(d $e $roadcasted to reduce the (i.e(ihood ofdisputa$(e "erdict

Page 4:


49/54

;omments o of "otes



. 'ro"ision of pardonin- murderer or .i((er $# the president shou(d $e discarded from

the constitution to a"oid nepotism

Page 4=


50/54

;omments o of "otes

for each commentStron-(# A-reeA-ree 10


&. ;an death pena(t# $e imposed for other crimes such as rape, .idnap or treasonN

Page 48


51/54

;omments o of "otes

for each commentStron-(# A-ree =A-ree 18


*. Do #ou thin. &La+ is to uproot crime, not the crimina() moti"e contradicts death pena(t#N

Page 50


52/54

;omments o of "otes


eutra( =Disa-ree 12Stron-(# Disa-ree 10*ota( 50

/. Do #ou thin. if there@s no death pena(t#, (etha( crimes +i(( $e on increaseN

Page 51


53/54


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;omments o of "otes



draft term paper on death penalty

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