draft/test for anth326 meeting 8
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
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ANTH326 Peoples and Cultures of Sub-Saharan Africa
Meeting 8, October 29, 2007
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Business
• Media Critique (due next Monday)• Final Examination: Dec. 7, 14:00-17:00, H433• Owusu and Diop Themes (teams)• Identity and Ethnography• Owusu and Diop Discussion• Project Plans
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Themes
• Team reporter• Explain theme• Active reading• Links with course
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Identity
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Social Identity
• Core of social sciences• Insiders/outsiders• Belonging/contrasting• “We-ness” (Schütz) / Distinction(Bourdieu)
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Nativeness
• Born on site• Indigenous• Territory• Ancestors• Native-speakers• As ethnographers
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“Is African” / “Is Western”
• Origins?• Representative?• Typical?• Traditional?
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Otherness in ethnography
• Differences and similarities• Diversity and universality• Constructing wholes• Crisis of representation
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Configuration
• Fit together• Fluidity• Other possibilities• Appiah at Pop!Tech on “Golden Nugget”
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Ethnography
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Ethnographic Disciplines
• Ethnology– Cultural anthropology– Social anthropology
• Folkloristics• Linguistic anthropology• Ethnomusicology• Ethnomethodology (sociology)
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Ethnographic Methods
• Review of literature• Language learning• Preliminary fieldwork• Extensive field stay– Participant-observation– Open-ended interviews
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Insight
• Understand• Grok• “Got it”• Possible predictive value• Alexis de Tocqueville on America
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Cultural Translation
• Get others to understand• “Spirit/letter of the culture”• Implied otherness
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Building Models
• Testing models• Empiricism• Forest, not trees• “Two Crows denies it” (Dorsey's disclaimer)• All Grammars Leak (Sapir 1921:39)• Dialogue
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Language in ethnography
• Fluency• No use for interpreter• Could translate Proust?• Length of stay
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Ngolo Diarra Enters the Field
• Ethnomusicology, linguistic anthropology• Interest in “griots”• Bamanan learning• Hunter-musician Madou Diarra• Thesis on proper names• Preliminary field trip• Establishing rapport
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Owusu
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Early Ethnographers
• Foundation African studies• “[H]ectic anthropological activity• Then-contemporary ethnography• European audience• Colonial context• Useless as useful• Cross-cultural comparisons• “Sacred cows” (ad hominem)
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Science
• Objectivity, bias• Informant bias• Sampling (opportunistic or random)• Accuracy or significance• Briggs Learning How to Ask
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Romanticism
• Assumed logic• (Real/Wise Africa?)• American and European anthropologies• Hunches as accepted• Vogues• “[T]ribal Bible”• “Segmentary societies”
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Owusu on Language
• Language, dialects• Acculturation, contact languages• “Translation of cultures”• “Separate worlds”• Hale on linguistic anthropologists
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Uses of Ethnography
• Insight (Tocqueville)• Generalisable science• Government• Dialogue between Africanists• (Native-speaking) African ethnographers
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Post-Owusu Context
• Post-/Neo-Colonial• Post-/Neo-National• Rise in African interest (parallel Keim)• Crisis of representation (Writing Culture)• Journalists, audiences, responsibility
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What Now?
• Self-assurance (“much better now”)?• Acknowledge bias• Privilege dialogue• Reporting discourse• “Snowball” sampling• Data cheapness• Emic/etic
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Project Plans
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Project Plans
• Focus on improving work• Aim at insight• Connect with course• Learning experience• Strong suggestions• Similarities between projects
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Social Groups
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Beyond Kinship
• Defining social groups– Support systems– Solidarity– Communitas
• Ethnicity as super-kinship• Kindreds (selected kins)• “Sodalities”• Associations
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Age Sets and Age Grades
• Age Set as Cohort– “Oldboy”– «Promotionneur»
• Age Grades as Steps– Rites of passage (van Gennep)
• Separate genders
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Secret societies
• Initiation societies• Muslim brotherhoods (sufism)– Tijaniyya
• Freemasons
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Voluntary Associations
• Social networks• Urban life• Local• "Ethnic“• Cosmopolitan networks• Political parties
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Media
• Coming to America• Soul Man• Videoclips
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Westernization
• Cultural Contacts• Cultural change– Coerced or voluntary
• Western-like but typically African– Networks– Manage change
• Other partners
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Education
• School types (Koranic, Missionary, National)– Networks
• Formal education• “Western-style”• Obsession with literacy– Power of orality
• Gender• Generation gap