dramatizing risk
DESCRIPTION
Design Research Project: Window CleaningTRANSCRIPT
Opening Light ...with f ixed lower light ...with f ixed lower and side light
...with guard rail ...with guard rail and f ixed side light
...in an horizontal array...in a glazed assembly to a balcony
Side Hung / Open In
Non-projecting butt hinges
Risk of collision with window inside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered.
Tilt and Turn
Tilt function provides ventilation without risk associated with opening. Risk of collisions when open in turn mode. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered for turn mode.
Side Hung / Open Out
Non-projecting butt hinges
Diff icult to clean from within. Risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered.
Side Hung / Open Out
with offset projecting hinges.
Gap between casement and frame should be at least 95mm. Risk of collisions outside. Risk of entrapment. falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered.
Top Hung / Open Out
Non-projecting butt hinges
Diff icult to clean from within. Risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered.
Horizontally Pivoted
Fully reversible
Risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. A reversing catch should be f itted to secure window during cleaning.
Vertically Pivoted
Nominal 90 degree opening
Risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. A catch should be f itted to secure window during cleaning.
OPENING METHOD / CONFIGURATION
Top Hung / Open In
Safety-restrictor hinge
Risk of collisions inside. Risk of entrapment. Weight of sash a limiting factor.
Fixed Light
Only cleanable from adjacent opening light or balcony.
Louvres
Openings between louvres should be 95-100mm. Risk of falling through window (glazing only restrained on short edge). Risk of entrapment. Positive hold-open position should be provided.
Bottom Hung / Open In
Safety-restrictor hinge
Risk of collisions inside. Risk of entrapment. Weight of sash a limiting factor.
Horizontal Sliding
Nominal 90 degree opening
No risk of collisions. Cleaning only possible in array, if all sashes pass, or if f ixed light removable. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning.
Vertically Sliding
Side hinged sashes for cleaning
No risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Weight of sash is limiting factor.
Technical Standards: Domestic
4 Safety
Safety is the "state of freedom from unnacceptable risks of personal harm". Buildings should be designed to consider the safety and the welfare and convenience of buiding users.
4.8 Risk of Accident
Both faces of a window should be capable of being cleaned from within the building such that there will not be a threat to the cleaner from a fall.
4.8.3 Cleaning of Windows
Design for reach should accomodate the 5th percentile of the UK adult population. This suggests limits of 556mm for reaching out and 1825mm for overhead reach. Guarding should be provided for opening windows with a sill beneath 1100mm. Windows within 4m of a f ixed surface can be cleaned from that surface. Guarding to a balcony should be provided to a height of 800mm.
SCHEDULE OF WINDOWS ARRANGEMENTS TO BE CLEANED EASILY FROM WITHIN:HORIZONTAL ARRANGEMENTS
...with f ixed side light
Note: pane 1 is removable
1 21 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
N/A
N/A
556
1825
1100
800
4000
1825
556
1100
556 556
1825
556
1100
556 556 556
1825
556
1100
556
1825
556
1100
556 556
556 556556
1825
556 556 556 556
1825
556
1100
556
1825
556
1100
556
556 556
800
4000
800
4000
556 556
556556
556 556
800
4000
556
800
4000
556
800
4000
556 556 556 556 556
1825
556
1100
1825
1100
556
1825
556
1100
556
1825
556
1100
800
4000
1825
556
1100
800
4000
1825
556
1100
N/A
N/AN/A
N/AN/AN/AN/A
N/AN/A
N/A
556
N/AN/AN/AN/A
N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A N/A
556
1825
556
1100
800
4000
N/AN/AN/AN/AN/A N/A
Opening Light ...with f ixed lower light ...with f ixed lower and side light
...with guard rail ...with guard rail and f ixed side light
...in an horizontal array...in a glazed assembly to a balcony
Side Hung / Open In
Non-projecting butt hinges
Risk of collision with window inside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered.
Tilt and Turn
Tilt function provides ventilation without risk associated with opening. Risk of collisions when open in turn mode. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered for turn mode.
Side Hung / Open Out
Non-projecting butt hinges
Diff icult to clean from within. Risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered.
Side Hung / Open Out
with offset projecting hinges.
Gap between casement and frame should be at least 95mm. Risk of collisions outside. Risk of entrapment. falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered.
Top Hung / Open Out
Non-projecting butt hinges
Diff icult to clean from within. Risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered.
Horizontally Pivoted
Fully reversible
Risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. A reversing catch should be f itted to secure window during cleaning.
Vertically Pivoted
Nominal 90 degree opening
Risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. A catch should be f itted to secure window during cleaning.
OPENING METHOD / CONFIGURATION
Top Hung / Open In
Safety-restrictor hinge
Risk of collisions inside. Risk of entrapment. Weight of sash a limiting factor.
Fixed Light
Only cleanable from adjacent opening light or balcony.
Louvres
Openings between louvres should be 95-100mm. Risk of falling through window (glazing only restrained on short edge). Risk of entrapment. Positive hold-open position should be provided.
Bottom Hung / Open In
Safety-restrictor hinge
Risk of collisions inside. Risk of entrapment. Weight of sash a limiting factor.
Horizontal Sliding
Nominal 90 degree opening
No risk of collisions. Cleaning only possible in array, if all sashes pass, or if f ixed light removable. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning.
Vertically Sliding
Side hinged sashes for cleaning
No risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Weight of sash is limiting factor.
Technical Standards: Domestic
4 Safety
Safety is the "state of freedom from unnacceptable risks of personal harm". Buildings should be designed to consider the safety and the welfare and convenience of buiding users.
4.8 Risk of Accident
Both faces of a window should be capable of being cleaned from within the building such that there will not be a threat to the cleaner from a fall.
4.8.3 Cleaning of Windows
Design for reach should accomodate the 5th percentile of the UK adult population. This suggests limits of 556mm for reaching out and 1825mm for overhead reach. Guarding should be provided for opening windows with a sill beneath 1100mm. Windows within 4m of a f ixed surface can be cleaned from that surface. Guarding to a balcony should be provided to a height of 800mm.
SCHEDULE OF WINDOWS ARRANGEMENTS TO BE CLEANED EASILY FROM WITHIN:HORIZONTAL ARRANGEMENTS
...with f ixed side light
Note: pane 1 is removable
1 21 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
N/A
N/A
556
1825
1100
800
4000
1825
556
1100
556 556
1825
556
1100
556 556 556
1825
556
1100
556
1825
556
1100
556 556
556 556556
1825
556 556 556 556
1825
556
1100
556
1825
556
1100
556
556 556
800
4000
800
4000
556 556
556556
556 556
800
4000
556
800
4000
556
800
4000
556 556 556 556 556
1825
556
1100
1825
1100
556
1825
556
1100
556
1825
556
1100
800
4000
1825
556
1100
800
4000
1825
556
1100
N/A
N/AN/A
N/AN/AN/AN/A
N/AN/A
N/A
556
N/AN/AN/AN/A
N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A N/A
556
1825
556
1100
800
4000
N/AN/AN/AN/AN/A N/A
Liam Ross
Compliant ArchitectureScottish Building Standard 4.8.3
Design for Safe Cleaning of Windows
COMPLIANT ARCHITECTURECompliant Architecture is a design, research and teaching project based at the Uni-versity of Edinburgh. It conducts text-based research into the emergence of building regulations, design-research that illustrates the limits they impose, and taught design modules that explore the architectural potential of those limits. The project hopes to render visible the architectural knowledge manifest in regulatory programmes, looking beyond their instrumental ends to the material phenomena they index. Through dis-semination and taught programmes it skills students and contemporary practitioners to design with this knowledge.
The Apparatus of Contemporary Professional Practice
Building today is enframed by an increasingly sophisticated regulatory apparatus. The construction industry is subject to a wide range of governmental programmes - profes-sional codes of conduct, statutory requirements, contractual protocols, good-practice guidelines, mandatory consultation procedures – that address a multitude of concerns – professional accountability, the health and safety of workers and occupants, the en-vironmental cost of building and maintenance, the profitability of development, the de-mand for democratic representation. Though these programmes engage with differing disciplinary frameworks, they work together inasmuch as they seek to reform current practice, conducting it toward specified ends.
The increasing scope and ambition of this framework – which appears necessary in the face of range of more or less urgent and concrete challenges – raises questions about the role of the architect. The profession has consistently failed to rise to new demands of government and industry, limiting the degree to which architects remain in charge of building; design responsibility, and the Architect’s fee, is increasingly fragmented across a range of expert sub-consultants. The core discipline appears marginalized academically, as any measurable aspect of building performance – structural stabil-ity, services and environmental design, proprietary detailing, component specification, public relations and marketing – is subtracted from its subject matter. Further, the increasing range of pre-ordained objectives mandated by government and industry ap-pears to crowd out the open and subjective potential of Architecture; the function of our built environment appears increasingly reduced to that of economic and bio-political instrument.
We might be concerned, then, that every increase in the scope of this governmental apparatus only further enframes the role of the architect, and the open potency of ar-chitecture. However, recognizing such a concern to be part of that broader question concerning technology, we might also recognize that enframing to be a mode of reveal-ing; it is precisely through our attempts to modify the world toward our ends that we reveal its material limits as being beyond any specific end. Regulatory requirements, as much as they threaten to foreclose the open potency of building, at the same time point to it. That is, regulation is Epoché; a withholding through which we experience the given. If we understand the role of the architect as the figure charged – beyond any specific empirical design requirement - with holding-open the potential of building, the limits posed by regulatory requirements present themselves as an opportunity.
The Scottish Building Standards
The Scottish Building Standards are a set of building regulations that establish man-datory standards and associated guidance concerning the structural stability, fire per-formance, environmental impact, accessibility, noise and energy consumption of build-ings in Scotland. They are published in technical handbooks and enforced by local authorities – their satisfaction usually concludes RIBA work stage E, to which around 20% of the architects fee is attributed. The standards are empowered by The Building (Scotland) Act, which makes allowance for regulations that “secure the health, safety, welfare and convenience of persons in or about buildings and of others who may be affected by buildings or matters connected with buildings; further the conservation of fuel and power; and further the achievement of sustainable development.”
This system of ‘Building Control’ emerged in Scotland through the Dean of Guild Courts, the rules established by traders granted freedom of the original Royal Burgh’s. During the 19th century, this mercantile jurisdiction was replaced by that of police act’s that empowered the Burghs to pave, light, sanitize and watch-over the space between buildings. Regulations concerning the design of private buildings were limited until the early 20th century, when the Department of Health first published discretional model-building by-laws, and it was not until post-war reconstruction, and the widespread ap-plication of new materials and techniques, that a comprehensive and mandatory na-tional building code, empowered by an act of parliament, was first imposed.
The Scottish Building Standards, then, index a history of our increasingly sophisticated understanding of the built environment, and its relation to our economy, social conduct, health and environment. The Standards conduct that relationship toward specified ends by issuing guidance that seeks to limit the potential harm caused by building, and increase its potential for positive effect, in building. In doing so, they reveal a range of material concerns for building, pointing to an taking measure of a range of natural phe-nomena, including – amongst others – the spread of fire, the path of the sun, the prop-erties of water, the size of a double-bed sheet, the height of our eyes, our comfortable gait, safe reach and aspects of our social behaviour. By establishing mandatory stand-ards that apply to all buildings in Scotland, the regulations inscribe this understanding into building, imposing a minimal representational content to all compliant architecture.
Liam Ross
Compliant ArchitectureScottish Building Standard 4.8.3
Design for Safe Cleaning of Windows
Opening Light ...with f ixed lower light ...with f ixed lower and side light
...with guard rail ...with guard rail and f ixed side light
...in an horizontal array...in a glazed assembly to a balcony
Side Hung / Open In
Non-projecting butt hinges
Risk of collision with window inside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered.
Tilt and Turn
Tilt function provides ventilation without risk associated with opening. Risk of collisions when open in turn mode. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered for turn mode.
Side Hung / Open Out
Non-projecting butt hinges
Diff icult to clean from within. Risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered.
Side Hung / Open Out
with offset projecting hinges.
Gap between casement and frame should be at least 95mm. Risk of collisions outside. Risk of entrapment. falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered.
Top Hung / Open Out
Non-projecting butt hinges
Diff icult to clean from within. Risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered.
Horizontally Pivoted
Fully reversible
Risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. A reversing catch should be f itted to secure window during cleaning.
Vertically Pivoted
Nominal 90 degree opening
Risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. A catch should be f itted to secure window during cleaning.
OPENING METHOD / CONFIGURATION
Top Hung / Open In
Safety-restrictor hinge
Risk of collisions inside. Risk of entrapment. Weight of sash a limiting factor.
Fixed Light
Only cleanable from adjacent opening light or balcony.
Louvres
Openings between louvres should be 95-100mm. Risk of falling through window (glazing only restrained on short edge). Risk of entrapment. Positive hold-open position should be provided.
Bottom Hung / Open In
Safety-restrictor hinge
Risk of collisions inside. Risk of entrapment. Weight of sash a limiting factor.
Horizontal Sliding
Nominal 90 degree opening
No risk of collisions. Cleaning only possible in array, if all sashes pass, or if f ixed light removable. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning.
Vertically Sliding
Side hinged sashes for cleaning
No risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Weight of sash is limiting factor.
Technical Standards: Domestic
4 Safety
Safety is the "state of freedom from unnacceptable risks of personal harm". Buildings should be designed to consider the safety and the welfare and convenience of buiding users.
4.8 Risk of Accident
Both faces of a window should be capable of being cleaned from within the building such that there will not be a threat to the cleaner from a fall.
4.8.3 Cleaning of Windows
Design for reach should accomodate the 5th percentile of the UK adult population. This suggests limits of 556mm for reaching out and 1825mm for overhead reach. Guarding should be provided for opening windows with a sill beneath 1100mm. Windows within 4m of a f ixed surface can be cleaned from that surface. Guarding to a balcony should be provided to a height of 800mm.
SCHEDULE OF WINDOWS ARRANGEMENTS TO BE CLEANED EASILY FROM WITHIN:HORIZONTAL ARRANGEMENTS
...with f ixed side light
Note: pane 1 is removable
1 21 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
N/A
N/A
556
1825
1100
800
4000
1825
556
1100
556 556
1825
556
1100
556 556 556
1825
556
1100
556
1825
556
1100
556 556
556 556556
1825
556 556 556 556
1825
556
1100
556
1825
556
1100
556
556 556
800
4000
800
4000
556 556
556556
556 556
800
4000
556
800
4000
556
800
4000
556 556 556 556 556
1825
556
1100
1825
1100
556
1825
556
1100
556
1825
556
1100
800
4000
1825
556
1100
800
4000
1825
556
1100
N/A
N/AN/A
N/AN/AN/AN/A
N/AN/A
N/A
556
N/AN/AN/AN/A
N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A N/A
556
1825
556
1100
800
4000
N/AN/AN/AN/AN/A N/A
Scottish Building Standard 4.8.3: Safe Cleaning of Windows
Standard 4.8.3 regulates the design of windows so as reduce the danger of accidents associated with window clean-ing. It recommends that the size of windows, and their opening method, be limited so as to ensure that both faces of all domestic window glazing be reachable from within the building by 95% of the UK adult population.
4. Section 4 of the Scottish Building Standard’s technical handbook, domestic version, concerns Safety. Safety is defined as ‘a state of freedom from unacceptable risks of personal harm’. The Scottish Build ing Standards demand that buildings be designed to safeguard the safety, welfare and convenience of building users.
4.8 Mandatory Standard 4.8 is concerns risks to personal harm posed by accidents. Amongst other things, it states that every building must be designed such that ‘both faces of a window are capable of being cleaned such that there will not be a threat to the cleaner from a fall’.
4.8.3 Guidance note 4.8.3 states that falls account for most window cleaning accidents, which generally oc cur from loss of balance during over-extension of reach. It suggests, therefore, that it is important for transparent or translucent glazing to be designed so that it may be cleaned without the need for over- extension. Specifically, it advises that “Any window, all or part of which is more than 4 m above adja cent ground or internal floor level, should be constructed so that any external and internal glazed sur faces can be cleaned safely from [either]: inside the building in accordance with Clause 8 of BS 8213: Part 1: 2004; or a load-bearing surface large enough to prevent a person falling further”.
BS 8213 British Standard 8213 establishes standards for windows, doors and roof lights, and Part 1 addresses specifically their design for safety in use and during cleaning. Clause 8 makes a detailed risk assess ment of those risks posed during cleaning - including the danger of a fall - and contains specific sub- clauses that assess the risk posed by different means of cleaning; reversing the window, opening the window inwards, access through the opening light, access through an adjacent light. Appendix A of Part 1 provides a digest of statistics published by the Department of Trade and Industry that give reach capabilities for various populations, including strength measurements for older adults. It recom mends that design for reach should accommodate the 5th percentile of the UK adult population, and concludes that window design should anticipate a maximum safe reach of 556mm reaching out, and 1825mm overhead. The document includes a further table that defines a range of window types, and details other risks – such as collision, entrapment or slamming – associated with them.
Through this cascade of acts, regulation and guidance, building is called upon to act as an instrument of risk reduction. In doing so, the regulation points to and reveals a wide range of empirical data regarding building and its occupation; it draws upon anthropometric data that index specific characteristics of the human body – the average reach and strength of the population, and limits the size of windows to represent these qualities – as well as indexing specific characteris-tics of windows; the range of commonly available opening types and configurations, recognizing that these character-istics effect the reach-ability of glazing, and pose a variety of risks. Regulation 4.8.3 points to the fact that our physical interaction with building, and the risk this poses, are part of the materiality of architecture. The specific limits set by 4.8.3 index that materiality, and inscribe it into building.
Opening Light ...with f ixed lower light ...with f ixed lower and side light
...with guard rail ...with guard rail and f ixed side light
...in an horizontal array...in a glazed assembly to a balcony
Side Hung / Open In
Non-projecting butt hinges
Risk of collision with window inside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered.
Tilt and Turn
Tilt function provides ventilation without risk associated with opening. Risk of collisions when open in turn mode. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered for turn mode.
Side Hung / Open Out
Non-projecting butt hinges
Diff icult to clean from within. Risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered.
Side Hung / Open Out
with offset projecting hinges.
Gap between casement and frame should be at least 95mm. Risk of collisions outside. Risk of entrapment. falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered.
Top Hung / Open Out
Non-projecting butt hinges
Diff icult to clean from within. Risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered.
Horizontally Pivoted
Fully reversible
Risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. A reversing catch should be f itted to secure window during cleaning.
Vertically Pivoted
Nominal 90 degree opening
Risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. A catch should be f itted to secure window during cleaning.
OPENING METHOD / CONFIGURATION
Top Hung / Open In
Safety-restrictor hinge
Risk of collisions inside. Risk of entrapment. Weight of sash a limiting factor.
Fixed Light
Only cleanable from adjacent opening light or balcony.
Louvres
Openings between louvres should be 95-100mm. Risk of falling through window (glazing only restrained on short edge). Risk of entrapment. Positive hold-open position should be provided.
Bottom Hung / Open In
Safety-restrictor hinge
Risk of collisions inside. Risk of entrapment. Weight of sash a limiting factor.
Horizontal Sliding
Nominal 90 degree opening
No risk of collisions. Cleaning only possible in array, if all sashes pass, or if f ixed light removable. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning.
Vertically Sliding
Side hinged sashes for cleaning
No risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Weight of sash is limiting factor.
Technical Standards: Domestic
4 Safety
Safety is the "state of freedom from unnacceptable risks of personal harm". Buildings should be designed to consider the safety and the welfare and convenience of buiding users.
4.8 Risk of Accident
Both faces of a window should be capable of being cleaned from within the building such that there will not be a threat to the cleaner from a fall.
4.8.3 Cleaning of Windows
Design for reach should accomodate the 5th percentile of the UK adult population. This suggests limits of 556mm for reaching out and 1825mm for overhead reach. Guarding should be provided for opening windows with a sill beneath 1100mm. Windows within 4m of a f ixed surface can be cleaned from that surface. Guarding to a balcony should be provided to a height of 800mm.
SCHEDULE OF WINDOWS ARRANGEMENTS TO BE CLEANED EASILY FROM WITHIN:HORIZONTAL ARRANGEMENTS
...with f ixed side light
Note: pane 1 is removable
1 21 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
N/A
N/A
556
1825
1100
800
4000
1825
556
1100
556 556
1825
556
1100
556 556 556
1825
556
1100
556
1825
556
1100
556 556
556 556556
1825
556 556 556 556
1825
556
1100
556
1825
556
1100
556
556 556
800
4000
800
4000
556 556
556556
556 556
800
4000
556
800
4000
556
800
4000
556 556 556 556 556
1825
556
1100
1825
1100
556
1825
556
1100
556
1825
556
1100
800
4000
1825
556
1100
800
4000
1825
556
1100
N/A
N/AN/A
N/AN/AN/AN/A
N/AN/A
N/A
556
N/AN/AN/AN/A
N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A N/A
556
1825
556
1100
800
4000
N/AN/AN/AN/AN/A N/A
SC
HE
DU
LE O
F WIN
DO
WS
TO B
E C
LEA
NE
D FR
OM
WITH
INM
aximum
glazing sizes for a range of opening methods / configurations
R R R R R R R
556
1825
1100
800
4000
OPENING METHOD / CONFIGURATION
Technical Standards: Domestic
4 Safety
Safety is the "state of freedom from unnacceptable risks of personal harm". Buildings should be designed to consider the safety and the welfare and convenience of buiding users.
4.8 Risk of Accident
Both faces of a window should be capable of being cleaned from within the building such that there will not be a threat to the cleaner from a fall.
4.8.3 Cleaning of Windows
Design for reach should accomodate the 5th percentile of the UK adult population. This suggests limits of 556mm for reaching out and 1825mm for overhead reach. Guarding should be provided for opening windows with a sill beneath 1100mm. Windows within 4m of a f ixed surface can be cleaned from that surface. Guarding to a balcony should be provided to a height of 800mm.
SCHEDULE OF WINDOWS ARRANGEMENTS TO BE CLEANED EASILY FROM WITHIN:HORIZONTAL ARRANGEMENTS
Horizontal Arrays with Continuous Opening Lights
Side Hung / Open In
Non-projecting butt hinges
Risk of collision with window inside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered.
Tilt and Turn
Tilt function provides ventilation without risk associated with opening. Risk of collisions when open in turn mode. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered for turn mode.
Side Hung / Open Out
Non-projecting butt hinges
Diff icult to clean from within. Risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered.
Side Hung / Open Out
with offset projecting hinges.
Gap between casement and frame should be at least 95mm. Risk of collisions outside. Risk of entrapment. falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered.
Top Hung / Open Out
Non-projecting butt hinges
Diff icult to clean from within. Risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered.
Horizontally Pivoted
Fully reversible
Risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. A reversing catch should be f itted to secure window during cleaning.
Vertically Pivoted
Nominal 90 degree opening
Risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. A catch should be f itted to secure window during cleaning.
Top Hung / Open In
Safety-restrictor hinge
Risk of collisions inside. Risk of entrapment. Weight of sash a limiting factor.
Fixed Light
Only cleanable from adjacent opening light or balcony.
Louvres
Openings between louvres should be 95-100mm. Risk of falling through window (glazing only restrained on short edge). Risk of entrapment. Positive hold-open position should be provided.
Bottom Hung / Open In
Safety-restrictor hinge
Risk of collisions inside. Risk of entrapment. Weight of sash a limiting factor.
Horizontal Sliding
Nominal 90 degree opening
No risk of collisions. Cleaning only possible in array, if all sashes pass, or if f ixed light removable. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning.
Vertically Sliding
Side hinged sashes for cleaning
No risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Weight of sash is limiting factor.
556
1825
1100
800
556
1825
1100
800
556
1825
1100
800
556
1825
1100
800
556
1825
1100
800
556
1825
1100
800
556
1825
1100
800
556
1825
1100
800
556
1825
1100
800
556
1825
1100
800
556
1825
1100
800
556
1825
1100
800
556
1825
1100
800
SC
HE
DU
LE O
F GLA
ZED
AR
RA
NG
EM
EN
TS TO
BE
CLE
AN
ED
FRO
M W
ITHIN
Glazing arrays dem
onstrating the maxim
um glazed A
rea permissible for a variety of opening m
ethods
RR R R
R R
556
1825
1100
800
4000
OPENING METHOD / CONFIGURATION
Technical Standards: Domestic
4 Safety
Safety is the "state of freedom from unnacceptable risks of personal harm". Buildings should be designed to consider the safety and the welfare and convenience of buiding users.
4.8 Risk of Accident
Both faces of a window should be capable of being cleaned from within the building such that there will not be a threat to the cleaner from a fall.
4.8.3 Cleaning of Windows
Design for reach should accomodate the 5th percentile of the UK adult population. This suggests limits of 556mm for reaching out and 1825mm for overhead reach. Guarding should be provided for opening windows with a sill beneath 1100mm. Windows within 4m of a f ixed surface can be cleaned from that surface. Guarding to a balcony should be provided to a height of 800mm.
SCHEDULE OF WINDOWS ARRANGEMENTS TO BE CLEANED EASILY FROM WITHIN:HORIZONTAL ARRANGEMENTS
Side Hung / Open In
Non-projecting butt hinges
Risk of collision with window inside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered.
Tilt and Turn
Tilt function provides ventilation without risk associated with opening. Risk of collisions when open in turn mode. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered for turn mode.
Side Hung / Open Out
Non-projecting butt hinges
Diff icult to clean from within. Risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered.
Side Hung / Open Out
with offset projecting hinges.
Gap between casement and frame should be at least 95mm. Risk of collisions outside. Risk of entrapment. falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered.
Top Hung / Open Out
Non-projecting butt hinges
Diff icult to clean from within. Risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered.
Horizontally Pivoted
Fully reversible
Risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. A reversing catch should be f itted to secure window during cleaning.
Vertically Pivoted
Nominal 90 degree opening
Risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. A catch should be f itted to secure window during cleaning.
Top Hung / Open In
Safety-restrictor hinge
Risk of collisions inside. Risk of entrapment. Weight of sash a limiting factor.
Fixed Light
Only cleanable from adjacent opening light or balcony.
Louvres
Openings between louvres should be 95-100mm. Risk of falling through window (glazing only restrained on short edge). Risk of entrapment. Positive hold-open position should be provided.
Bottom Hung / Open In
Safety-restrictor hinge
Risk of collisions inside. Risk of entrapment. Weight of sash a limiting factor.
Horizontal Sliding
Nominal 90 degree opening
No risk of collisions. Cleaning only possible in array, if all sashes pass, or if f ixed light removable. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning.
Vertically Sliding
Side hinged sashes for cleaning
No risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Weight of sash is limiting factor.
Horizontal Arrays with Maximized Fixed Lights
556
1825
1100
800
556
1825
1100
800
556
1825
1100
800
556
1825
1100
800
556
1825
1100
800
556
1825
1100
800
556
1825
1100
800
556
1825
1100
800
556
1825
1100
800
556
1825
1100
800
556
1825
1100
800
556
1825
1100
800
556
1825
1100
800
SC
HE
DU
LE O
F GLA
ZED
AR
RA
NG
EM
EN
TS TO
BE
CLE
AN
ED
FRO
M W
ITHIN
Glazing arrays dem
onstrating the maxim
um glazed area perm
issible for a variety of opening methods and configurations
556
1825
1100
800
4000
OPENING METHOD / CONFIGURATION
Technical Standards: Domestic
4 Safety
Safety is the "state of freedom from unnacceptable risks of personal harm". Buildings should be designed to consider the safety and the welfare and convenience of buiding users.
4.8 Risk of Accident
Both faces of a window should be capable of being cleaned from within the building such that there will not be a threat to the cleaner from a fall.
4.8.3 Cleaning of Windows
Design for reach should accomodate the 5th percentile of the UK adult population. This suggests limits of 556mm for reaching out and 1825mm for overhead reach. Guarding should be provided for opening windows with a sill beneath 1100mm. Windows within 4m of a f ixed surface can be cleaned from that surface. Guarding to a balcony should be provided to a height of 800mm.
SCHEDULE OF WINDOWS ARRANGEMENTS TO BE CLEANED EASILY FROM WITHIN:HORIZONTAL ARRANGEMENTS
Horizontal Arrays with Continuous Opening Lights
Side Hung / Open In
Non-projecting butt hinges
Risk of collision with window inside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered.
Tilt and Turn
Tilt function provides ventilation without risk associated with opening. Risk of collisions when open in turn mode. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered for turn mode.
Side Hung / Open Out
Non-projecting butt hinges
Diff icult to clean from within. Risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered.
Side Hung / Open Out
with offset projecting hinges.
Gap between casement and frame should be at least 95mm. Risk of collisions outside. Risk of entrapment. falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered.
Top Hung / Open Out
Non-projecting butt hinges
Diff icult to clean from within. Risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered.
Horizontally Pivoted
Fully reversible
Risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. A reversing catch should be f itted to secure window during cleaning.
Vertically Pivoted
Nominal 90 degree opening
Risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. A catch should be f itted to secure window during cleaning.
Top Hung / Open In
Safety-restrictor hinge
Risk of collisions inside. Risk of entrapment. Weight of sash a limiting factor.
Fixed Light
Only cleanable from adjacent opening light or balcony.
Louvres
Openings between louvres should be 95-100mm. Risk of falling through window (glazing only restrained on short edge). Risk of entrapment. Positive hold-open position should be provided.
Bottom Hung / Open In
Safety-restrictor hinge
Risk of collisions inside. Risk of entrapment. Weight of sash a limiting factor.
Horizontal Sliding
Nominal 90 degree opening
No risk of collisions. Cleaning only possible in array, if all sashes pass, or if f ixed light removable. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning.
Vertically Sliding
Side hinged sashes for cleaning
No risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Weight of sash is limiting factor.
556
1825
1100
800
556
1825
1100
800
556
1825
1100
800
556
1825
1100
800
556
1825
1100
800
556
1825
1100
800
556
1825
1100
800
556
1825
1100
800
556
1825
1100
800
556
1825
1100
800
556
1825
1100
800
556
1825
1100
800
556
1825
1100
800
SC
HE
DU
LE O
F GLA
ZED
AR
RA
NG
EM
EN
TS TO
BE
CLE
AN
ED
FRO
M W
ITHIN
Glazing arrays dem
onstrating the maxim
um height and spacing of a continuous strip w
indow for a variety of opening m
ethods
556
1825
1100
800
4000
OPENING METHOD / CONFIGURATION
Technical Standards: Domestic
4 Safety
Safety is the "state of freedom from unnacceptable risks of personal harm". Buildings should be designed to consider the safety and the welfare and convenience of buiding users.
4.8 Risk of Accident
Both faces of a window should be capable of being cleaned from within the building such that there will not be a threat to the cleaner from a fall.
4.8.3 Cleaning of Windows
Design for reach should accomodate the 5th percentile of the UK adult population. This suggests limits of 556mm for reaching out and 1825mm for overhead reach. Guarding should be provided for opening windows with a sill beneath 1100mm. Windows within 4m of a f ixed surface can be cleaned from that surface. Guarding to a balcony should be provided to a height of 800mm.
SCHEDULE OF WINDOWS ARRANGEMENTS TO BE CLEANED EASILY FROM WITHIN:HORIZONTAL ARRANGEMENTS
Side Hung / Open In
Non-projecting butt hinges
Risk of collision with window inside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered.
Tilt and Turn
Tilt function provides ventilation without risk associated with opening. Risk of collisions when open in turn mode. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered for turn mode.
Side Hung / Open Out
Non-projecting butt hinges
Diff icult to clean from within. Risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered.
Side Hung / Open Out
with offset projecting hinges.
Gap between casement and frame should be at least 95mm. Risk of collisions outside. Risk of entrapment. falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered.
Top Hung / Open Out
Non-projecting butt hinges
Diff icult to clean from within. Risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered.
Horizontally Pivoted
Fully reversible
Risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. A reversing catch should be f itted to secure window during cleaning.
Vertically Pivoted
Nominal 90 degree opening
Risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. A catch should be f itted to secure window during cleaning.
Top Hung / Open In
Safety-restrictor hinge
Risk of collisions inside. Risk of entrapment. Weight of sash a limiting factor.
Fixed Light
Only cleanable from adjacent opening light or balcony.
Louvres
Openings between louvres should be 95-100mm. Risk of falling through window (glazing only restrained on short edge). Risk of entrapment. Positive hold-open position should be provided.
Bottom Hung / Open In
Safety-restrictor hinge
Risk of collisions inside. Risk of entrapment. Weight of sash a limiting factor.
Horizontal Sliding
Nominal 90 degree opening
No risk of collisions. Cleaning only possible in array, if all sashes pass, or if f ixed light removable. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning.
Vertically Sliding
Side hinged sashes for cleaning
No risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Weight of sash is limiting factor.
N/A
N/A
Horizontal Arrays with Maximized Fixed Lights
556
1825
1100
800
556
1825
1100
800
556
1825
1100
800
556
1825
1100
800
556
1825
1100
800
556
1825
1100
800
556
1825
1100
800
556
1825
1100
800
556
1825
1100
800
556
1825
1100
800
556
1825
1100
800
SC
HE
DU
LE O
F GLA
ZED
AR
RA
NG
EM
EN
TS TO
BE
CLE
AN
ED
FRO
M W
ITHIN
Glazing arrays dem
onstrating the maxim
um size of fixed lights cleanable from
adjacent opening lights in a continuous strip window
for a variety of opening methods
556
1825
1100
800
4000
556
ARRANGEMENT OF GLAZING TO BE CLEANED EASILY FROM WITHIN
ARRANGEMENT NO. 1:DEMONSTRATING HEIGHT OF GLAZING CLEANABLE FROM WITHIN
VERTICALLY SLIDING / INWARD OPENING LIGHTS withFIXED LOWER LIGHTS CLEANABLE FROM OPENING LIGHT
Notes:External face of high level opening to ground floor bedroom from outside.External face of doors cleanable from ground or balcony
KITCHEN DINING LIVING BEDROOM
GLA
ZED
AR
RA
NG
EM
EN
T TO B
E C
LEA
NE
D FR
OM
WITH
INFacade design dem
onstrating maxim
um height of glazing cleanable from
within
556
1825
1100
800
4000
556
ARRANGEMENT OF GLAZING TO BE CLEANED EASILY FROM WITHIN
ARRANGEMENT NO. 1:DEMONSTRATING HEIGHT OF GLAZING CLEANABLE FROM WITHIN
VERTICALLY SLIDING / INWARD OPENING LIGHTS withFIXED LOWER LIGHTS CLEANABLE FROM OPENING LIGHT
Notes:External face of high level opening to ground floor bedroom from outside.External face of doors cleanable from ground or balcony
KITCHEN DINING LIVING BEDROOM
ARRANGEMENT OF GLAZING TO BE CLEANED EASILY FROM WITHIN
ARRANGEMENT NO. 2:DEMONSTRATING WIDTH OF FIXED LIGHT CLEANABLE FROM WITHIN
VERTICALLY SLIDING / INWARD OPENING LIGHTS withFIXED LOWER AND SIDE LIGHTS CLEANABLE FROM OPENING LIGHT
Notes:External face of f ixed lights to ground & 1st f loor cleanable from outside.External face of high level opening to ground f loor bedroom from outside.Both faces of inward opening lights to kitchens cleanable from within.
556
1825
1100
800
4000
556
KITCHEN DINING LIVING BEDROOM
GLA
ZED
AR
RA
NG
EM
EN
T TO B
E C
LEA
NE
D FR
OM
WITH
INFacade design dem
onstrating width of fixed light cleanable from
within
ARRANGEMENT OF GLAZING TO BE CLEANED EASILY FROM WITHIN
ARRANGEMENT NO. 2:DEMONSTRATING WIDTH OF FIXED LIGHT CLEANABLE FROM WITHIN
VERTICALLY SLIDING / INWARD OPENING LIGHTS withFIXED LOWER AND SIDE LIGHTS CLEANABLE FROM OPENING LIGHT
Notes:External face of f ixed lights to ground & 1st f loor cleanable from outside.External face of high level opening to ground f loor bedroom from outside.Both faces of inward opening lights to kitchens cleanable from within.
556
1825
1100
800
4000
556
KITCHEN DINING LIVING BEDROOM
ARRANGEMENT OF GLAZING TO BE CLEANED EASILY FROM WITHIN
ARRANGEMENT NO. 3:DEMONSTRATING EXTENT OF FIXED LIGHT CLEANABLE FROM WITHIN
SIDE HUNG INWARD OPENING LIGHTS withFIXED LOWER AND SIDE LIGHTS CLEANABLE FROM OPENING LIGHT
Notes:External face of high level opening to ground f loor bedroom from outside.
KITCHEN DINING LIVING BEDROOM
556
1825
1100
800
4000
GLA
ZED
AR
RA
NG
EM
EN
T TO B
E C
LEA
NE
D FR
OM
WITH
INFacade design dem
onstrating extent of fixed light cleanable from w
ithin
ARRANGEMENT OF GLAZING TO BE CLEANED EASILY FROM WITHIN
ARRANGEMENT NO. 3:DEMONSTRATING EXTENT OF FIXED LIGHT CLEANABLE FROM WITHIN
SIDE HUNG INWARD OPENING LIGHTS withFIXED LOWER AND SIDE LIGHTS CLEANABLE FROM OPENING LIGHT
Notes:External face of high level opening to ground f l
oor bedroom from outside.
KITCHEN DINING LIVING BEDROOM
556
1825
1100
800
4000
556
1825
1100
ARRANGEMENT OF GLAZING TO BE CLEANED EASILY FROM WITHIN
ARRANGEMENT NO. 3:DEMONSTRATING VARIED BARRIER HEIGHTS
RANGE OF FIXED AND OPENING LIGHTS thatPROVIDE A RANGE OF BARRIER HEIGHTS
Notes:Barrier height at windows 1100mmBarrier height reduces to 900mm where wide (kitchen counter)Barrier height reduces to 800mm to balconyExternal face of fixed glazing to 1st floor cleanable from ground
GLA
ZED
AR
RA
NG
EM
EN
T TO B
E C
LEA
NE
D FR
OM
WITH
INFacade design dem
onstrating varied barrier heights
Technical Standards: Domestic
4 Safety
Safety is the "state of freedom from unnacceptable risks of personal harm". Buildings should be designed to consider the safety and the welfare and convenience of buiding users.
4.8 Risk of Accident
Both faces of a window should be capable of being cleaned from within the building such that there will not be a threat to the cleaner from a fall.
4.8.3 Cleaning of Windows
Design for reach should accomodate the 5th percentile of the UK adult population. This suggests limits of 556mm for reaching out and 1825mm for overhead reach. Guarding should be provided for opening windows with a sill beneath 1100mm. Windows within 4m of a fixed surface can be cleaned from that surface. Guarding to a balcony should be provided to a height of 800mm.
ARRANGEMENT OF GLAZING TO BE CLEANED EASILY FROM WITHIN:
HORIZONTAL RIBBON ARRANGEMENTSIDE HUNG, INWARD OPENING WINDOWSRECESSED BALCONY TO LIVING ROOMSTEPPED BARRIER AT 800 mm AND 1100 mm.
556
1825
11
00
800
4000
556
1825
1100
ARRANGEMENT OF GLAZING TO BE CLEANED EASILY FROM WITHIN
ARRANGEMENT NO. 3:DEMONSTRATING VARIED BARRIER HEIGHTS
RANGE OF FIXED AND OPENING LIGHTS thatPROVIDE A RANGE OF BARRIER HEIGHTS
Notes:Barrier height at windows 1100mmBarrier height reduces to 900mm where wide (kitchen counter)Barrier height reduces to 800mm to balconyExternal face of fixed glazing to 1st floor cleanable from ground
ARRANGEMENT OF GLAZING TO BE CLEANED EASILY FROM WITHIN
ARRANGEMENT NO. 4:DEMONSTRATING EXTENT OF FIXED LIGHT CLEANABLE FROM BALCONY
SIDE HUNG INWARD OPENING GLAZED DOORS / WINDOWS withFIXED LOWER AND SIDE LIGHTS CLEANABLE FROM BALCONY / WINDOWEDGE PROTECTION TO BALCONIES / WINDOWS
Notes:External face of f ixed lights to windows without balconies cleanable from opening light.
556
1825
1100
800
4000
GLA
ZED
AR
RA
NG
EM
EN
T TO B
E C
LEA
NE
D E
AS
ILY FRO
M W
ITHIN
Facade design demonstrating extent of glazing cleanable from
balcony
ARRANGEMENT OF GLAZING TO BE CLEANED EASILY FROM WITHIN
ARRANGEMENT NO. 4:DEMONSTRATING EXTENT OF FIXED LIGHT CLEANABLE FROM BALCONY
SIDE HUNG INWARD OPENING GLAZED DOORS / WINDOWS withFIXED LOWER AND SIDE LIGHTS CLEANABLE FROM BALCONY / WINDOWEDGE PROTECTION TO BALCONIES / WINDOWS
Notes:External face of f ixed lights to windows without balconies cleanable from opening light.
556
1825
1100
800
4000
556
1825
1100
800
4000
556
ARRANGEMENT OF GLAZING TO BE CLEANED EASILY FROM WITHIN
ARRANGEMENT NO. 6:DEMONSTRATING HEIGHT OF GLAZING CLEANABLE FROM BALCONY
FIXED LIGHTS and OUTWARD OPENING DOORS AND VENTILATORS withBALCONY
Notes:External face of fixed lights cleanable from ground or balcony
GLA
ZED
AR
RA
NG
EM
EN
T TO B
E C
LEA
NE
D E
AS
ILY FRO
M W
ITHIN
Facade design demonstrating height of glazing cleanable from
balcony
Technical Standards: Domestic
4 Safety
Safety is the "state of freedom from unnacceptable risks of personal harm". Buildings should be designed to consider the safety and the welfare and convenience of buiding users.
4.8 Risk of Accident
Both faces of a window should be capable of being cleaned from within the building such that there will not be a threat to the cleaner from a fall.
4.8.3 Cleaning of Windows
Design for reach should accomodate the 5th percentile of the UK adult population. This suggests limits of 556mm for reaching out and 1825mm for overhead reach. Guarding should be provided for opening windows with a sill beneath 1100mm. Windows within 4m of a fixed surface can be cleaned from that surface. Guarding to a balcony should be provided to a height of 800mm.
ARRANGEMENT OF GLAZING TO BE CLEANED EASILY FROM WITHIN:
HORIZONTAL RIBBON ARRANGEMENTSIDE HUNG, INWARD OPENING WINDOWSRECESSED BALCONY TO LIVING ROOMSTEPPED BARRIER AT 800 mm AND 1100 mm.
556
1825
11
00
800
4000
556
1825
1100
800
4000
556
ARRANGEMENT OF GLAZING TO BE CLEANED EASILY FROM WITHIN
ARRANGEMENT NO. 6:DEMONSTRATING HEIGHT OF GLAZING CLEANABLE FROM BALCONY
FIXED LIGHTS and OUTWARD OPENING DOORS AND VENTILATORS withBALCONY
Notes:External face of fixed lights cleanable from ground or balcony
Opening Light ...with f ixed lower light ...with f ixed lower and side light
...with guard rail ...with guard rail and f ixed side light
...in an horizontal array...in a glazed assembly to a balcony
Side Hung / Open In
Non-projecting butt hinges
Risk of collision with window inside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered.
Tilt and Turn
Tilt function provides ventilation without risk associated with opening. Risk of collisions when open in turn mode. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered for turn mode.
Side Hung / Open Out
Non-projecting butt hinges
Diff icult to clean from within. Risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered.
Side Hung / Open Out
with offset projecting hinges.
Gap between casement and frame should be at least 95mm. Risk of collisions outside. Risk of entrapment. falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered.
Top Hung / Open Out
Non-projecting butt hinges
Diff icult to clean from within. Risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered.
Horizontally Pivoted
Fully reversible
Risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. A reversing catch should be f itted to secure window during cleaning.
Vertically Pivoted
Nominal 90 degree opening
Risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. A catch should be f itted to secure window during cleaning.
OPENING METHOD / CONFIGURATION
Top Hung / Open In
Safety-restrictor hinge
Risk of collisions inside. Risk of entrapment. Weight of sash a limiting factor.
Fixed Light
Only cleanable from adjacent opening light or balcony.
Louvres
Openings between louvres should be 95-100mm. Risk of falling through window (glazing only restrained on short edge). Risk of entrapment. Positive hold-open position should be provided.
Bottom Hung / Open In
Safety-restrictor hinge
Risk of collisions inside. Risk of entrapment. Weight of sash a limiting factor.
Horizontal Sliding
Nominal 90 degree opening
No risk of collisions. Cleaning only possible in array, if all sashes pass, or if f ixed light removable. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning.
Vertically Sliding
Side hinged sashes for cleaning
No risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Weight of sash is limiting factor.
Technical Standards: Domestic
4 Safety
Safety is the "state of freedom from unnacceptable risks of personal harm". Buildings should be designed to consider the safety and the welfare and convenience of buiding users.
4.8 Risk of Accident
Both faces of a window should be capable of being cleaned from within the building such that there will not be a threat to the cleaner from a fall.
4.8.3 Cleaning of Windows
Design for reach should accomodate the 5th percentile of the UK adult population. This suggests limits of 556mm for reaching out and 1825mm for overhead reach. Guarding should be provided for opening windows with a sill beneath 1100mm. Windows within 4m of a f ixed surface can be cleaned from that surface. Guarding to a balcony should be provided to a height of 800mm.
SCHEDULE OF WINDOWS ARRANGEMENTS TO BE CLEANED EASILY FROM WITHIN:HORIZONTAL ARRANGEMENTS
...with f ixed side light
Note: pane 1 is removable
1 21 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
N/A
N/A
556
1825
1100
800
4000
1825
556
1100
556 556
1825
556
1100
556 556 556
1825
556
1100
556
1825
556
1100
556 556
556 556556
1825
556 556 556 556
1825
556
1100
556
1825
556
1100
556
556 556
800
4000
800
4000
556 556
556556
556 556
800
4000
556
800
4000
556
800
4000
556 556 556 556 556
1825
556
1100
1825
1100
556
1825
556
1100
556
1825
556
1100
800
4000
1825
556
1100
800
4000
1825
556
1100
N/A
N/AN/A
N/AN/AN/AN/A
N/AN/A
N/A
556
N/AN/AN/AN/A
N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A N/A
556
1825
556
1100
800
4000
N/AN/AN/AN/AN/A N/A
Opening Light ...with f ixed lower light ...with f ixed lower and side light
...with guard rail ...with guard rail and f ixed side light
...in an horizontal array...in a glazed assembly to a balcony
Side Hung / Open In
Non-projecting butt hinges
Risk of collision with window inside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered.
Tilt and Turn
Tilt function provides ventilation without risk associated with opening. Risk of collisions when open in turn mode. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered for turn mode.
Side Hung / Open Out
Non-projecting butt hinges
Diff icult to clean from within. Risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered.
Side Hung / Open Out
with offset projecting hinges.
Gap between casement and frame should be at least 95mm. Risk of collisions outside. Risk of entrapment. falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered.
Top Hung / Open Out
Non-projecting butt hinges
Diff icult to clean from within. Risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered.
Horizontally Pivoted
Fully reversible
Risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. A reversing catch should be f itted to secure window during cleaning.
Vertically Pivoted
Nominal 90 degree opening
Risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. A catch should be f itted to secure window during cleaning.
OPENING METHOD / CONFIGURATION
Top Hung / Open In
Safety-restrictor hinge
Risk of collisions inside. Risk of entrapment. Weight of sash a limiting factor.
Fixed Light
Only cleanable from adjacent opening light or balcony.
Louvres
Openings between louvres should be 95-100mm. Risk of falling through window (glazing only restrained on short edge). Risk of entrapment. Positive hold-open position should be provided.
Bottom Hung / Open In
Safety-restrictor hinge
Risk of collisions inside. Risk of entrapment. Weight of sash a limiting factor.
Horizontal Sliding
Nominal 90 degree opening
No risk of collisions. Cleaning only possible in array, if all sashes pass, or if f ixed light removable. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning.
Vertically Sliding
Side hinged sashes for cleaning
No risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Weight of sash is limiting factor.
Technical Standards: Domestic
4 Safety
Safety is the "state of freedom from unnacceptable risks of personal harm". Buildings should be designed to consider the safety and the welfare and convenience of buiding users.
4.8 Risk of Accident
Both faces of a window should be capable of being cleaned from within the building such that there will not be a threat to the cleaner from a fall.
4.8.3 Cleaning of Windows
Design for reach should accomodate the 5th percentile of the UK adult population. This suggests limits of 556mm for reaching out and 1825mm for overhead reach. Guarding should be provided for opening windows with a sill beneath 1100mm. Windows within 4m of a f ixed surface can be cleaned from that surface. Guarding to a balcony should be provided to a height of 800mm.
SCHEDULE OF WINDOWS ARRANGEMENTS TO BE CLEANED EASILY FROM WITHIN:HORIZONTAL ARRANGEMENTS
...with f ixed side light
Note: pane 1 is removable
1 21 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
N/A
N/A
55618
25
1100
800
4000
1825
556
1100
556 556
1825
556
1100
556 556 556
1825
556
1100
556
1825
556
1100
556 556
556 556556
1825
556 556 556 556
1825
556
1100
556
1825
556
1100
556
556 556
800
4000
800
4000
556 556
556556
556 556
800
4000
556
800
4000
556
800
4000
556 556 556 556 556
1825
556
1100
1825
1100
556
1825
556
1100
556
1825
556
1100
800
4000
1825
556
1100
800
4000
1825
556
1100
N/A
N/AN/A
N/AN/AN/AN/A
N/AN/A
N/A
556
N/AN/AN/AN/A
N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A N/A
556
1825
556
1100
800
4000
N/AN/AN/AN/AN/A N/A
Opening Light ...with f ixed lower light ...with f ixed lower and side light
...with guard rail ...with guard rail and f ixed side light
...in an horizontal array...in a glazed assembly to a balcony
Side Hung / Open In
Non-projecting butt hinges
Risk of collision with window inside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered.
Tilt and Turn
Tilt function provides ventilation without risk associated with opening. Risk of collisions when open in turn mode. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered for turn mode.
Side Hung / Open Out
Non-projecting butt hinges
Diff icult to clean from within. Risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered.
Side Hung / Open Out
with offset projecting hinges.
Gap between casement and frame should be at least 95mm. Risk of collisions outside. Risk of entrapment. falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered.
Top Hung / Open Out
Non-projecting butt hinges
Diff icult to clean from within. Risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Safety restrictor should be considered.
Horizontally Pivoted
Fully reversible
Risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. A reversing catch should be f itted to secure window during cleaning.
Vertically Pivoted
Nominal 90 degree opening
Risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. A catch should be f itted to secure window during cleaning.
OPENING METHOD / CONFIGURATION
Top Hung / Open In
Safety-restrictor hinge
Risk of collisions inside. Risk of entrapment. Weight of sash a limiting factor.
Fixed Light
Only cleanable from adjacent opening light or balcony.
Louvres
Openings between louvres should be 95-100mm. Risk of falling through window (glazing only restrained on short edge). Risk of entrapment. Positive hold-open position should be provided.
Bottom Hung / Open In
Safety-restrictor hinge
Risk of collisions inside. Risk of entrapment. Weight of sash a limiting factor.
Horizontal Sliding
Nominal 90 degree opening
No risk of collisions. Cleaning only possible in array, if all sashes pass, or if f ixed light removable. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning.
Vertically Sliding
Side hinged sashes for cleaning
No risk of collisions outside. Risk of falling out during use and cleaning. Weight of sash is limiting factor.
Technical Standards: Domestic
4 Safety
Safety is the "state of freedom from unnacceptable risks of personal harm". Buildings should be designed to consider the safety and the welfare and convenience of buiding users.
4.8 Risk of Accident
Both faces of a window should be capable of being cleaned from within the building such that there will not be a threat to the cleaner from a fall.
4.8.3 Cleaning of Windows
Design for reach should accomodate the 5th percentile of the UK adult population. This suggests limits of 556mm for reaching out and 1825mm for overhead reach. Guarding should be provided for opening windows with a sill beneath 1100mm. Windows within 4m of a f ixed surface can be cleaned from that surface. Guarding to a balcony should be provided to a height of 800mm.
SCHEDULE OF WINDOWS ARRANGEMENTS TO BE CLEANED EASILY FROM WITHIN:HORIZONTAL ARRANGEMENTS
...with f ixed side light
Note: pane 1 is removable
1 21 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
N/A
N/A
556
1825
1100
800
4000
1825
556
1100
556 556
1825
556
1100
556 556 556
1825
556
1100
556
1825
556
1100
556 556
556 55655618
25
556 556 556 556
1825
556
1100
556
1825
556
1100
556
556 556
800
4000
800
4000
556 556
556556
556 556
800
4000
556
800
4000
556
800
4000
556 556 556 556 556
1825
556
1100
1825
1100
556
1825
556
1100
556
1825
556
1100
800
4000
1825
556
1100
800
4000
1825
556
1100
N/A
N/AN/A
N/AN/AN/AN/A
N/AN/A
N/A
556
N/AN/AN/AN/A
N/AN/AN/AN/AN/AN/A N/A
556
1825
556
1100
800
4000
N/AN/AN/AN/AN/A N/A
COMPLIANT ARCHITECTURE | Liam Ross
Assistants: Vsevolod Kondratiev-Popov Nathan Ozga Alexander David Clark Victor Olivar
© The University of Edinburgh 2010No part of this publication may be reproduced without prior permission from the [email protected]