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Drayton Manor High School

Energy Transfer Exam Practice Q1. In a power station, coal can be used to generate electricity.

(a) Use words from the box to answer the questions below.

chemical electrical gravitational potential

kinetic light sound thermal

1 mark

(i) What is the useful energy transfer when coal is burnt?

............................... energy is transferred to ............................. energy 1 mark

(ii) Some of the energy stored in coal is wasted when it is burnt. Give the name of one type of energy released that is not useful.

............................... 1 mark

(b) Wind turbines are also used to generate electricity. The wind turns the turbine blades and the turbine blades turn a generator.

Use words from the box opposite. Complete the sentence to show the useful energy transfer in a wind turbine and generator.

............................... energy is transferred to ............................. energy 1 mark

(c) Suggest one disadvantage of using wind to generate electricity.

......................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................... 1 mark

(d) Sugar cane is a plant.

The sugar from the cane is used to make alcohol. Alcohol is a fuel.

(i) Which energy source do plants use to produce sugar?

............................................................................................................. 1 mark

(ii) Is sugar cane a renewable or non-renewable source of energy? Tick one box.


renewable source non-renewable source

Give a reason for your answer.

............................................................................................................. 1 mark

maximum 7 marks

Q2. The pictures show six different household appliances.

(a) Four of the appliances, including the fan heater, are designed to transform electrical energy into heat.

Name the other three appliances designed to transform electrical energy into heat.

1 .................................................................................................................................

2 .................................................................................................................................

3 ................................................................................................................................. (3)

(b) Complete the following sentence using one of the words from the box.

chemical heat kinetic sound

Energy that is not usefully transformed by the fan heater is wasted as

................................................. energy. (1)

(c) The table gives information about two different fan heaters.

Useful energy

transferred each second in joules

Wasted energy transferred each second in joules

Fan heater L 1200 10

Fan heater M 1200 20

Complete the following sentence by drawing a ring around the line in the box that is correct.

Fan heater L is more efficient than

has the same efficiency as fan heater M.


is less efficient than

(1) (Total 5 marks)

Q3. Meera used the Internet to find out about energy resources. The drawing below shows what Meera saw on her computer screen.

(a) Coal is a fossil fuel. Give the names of two other fossil fuels in the list on the screen.

.....................................................and..................................................... 2 marks

(b) (i) Wave energy is an example of a renewable energy resource.

From the list on the screen above choose two other renewable energy resources.

.....................................................and..................................................... 2 marks

(ii) Meera found out how wave energy can be used to generate electricity. She saw the diagram below on the Internet.


Each box below shows a stage in generating electricity.

A The air turns the turbine.

B The turbine turns the generator.

C The waves move up the chamber.

D The generator produces electricity.

E The waves push the air up the chamber.

On the lines below write the letters of the stages in the correct order. Two have been done for you.

.....C..... ........... ......A...... ........... ............ 2 marks

Q4. The drawing below shows a solar panel fixed to the roof of a house in Britain.

(a) Daniel measured the energy output from this solar panel during one day in June. The graph below shows his results.


(i) Why does the energy output from the solar panel vary during the day?

.............................................................................................................

............................................................................................................. 1 mark

(ii) Daniel used the solar panel to run a motor. The motor needs 0.7 kJ/s to run at full speed. Use the graph to find out how long Daniel’s motor would run at full speed.

............... hours 1 mark

(b) Daniel measured the energy output from a different solar panel. This type of solar panel turns so that it always faces the Sun.

The graph below shows the energy output for this panel during one day in mid-summer.


(i) On the graph above draw another curve to show how the energy output for this solar panel might vary on a day in mid-winter.

2 marks

(ii) Between 7am and 7pm the solar panel turns through an angle of 180°. Calculate the angle the solar panel turns through each hour.

.............................................................................................................

.................................................................................................degrees 1 mark

maximum 5 marks

Q5. (a) The diagram shows the energy transformations produced by a TV.

(i) Use the information in the diagram and the equation in the box to calculate the efficiency of the TV.

efficiency =

Show clearly how you work out your answer.


...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

Efficiency = .............................. (2)

(ii) What eventually happens to the useful energy transferred by the TV?

...........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................... (1)

(b) Electrical appliances left on standby use energy.

The bar chart shows the power for the appliances that one family leaves on standby when they go on holiday.

The family is on holiday for a total of 175 hours

(i) Use the information in the bar chart and the equation in the box to calculate the energy wasted by leaving the compact stereo on standby while the family is on holiday.

energy transferred (kilowatt-hour, kWh)

= power (kilowatt, kW)

× time (hour, h)


...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

Energy wasted = .............................. kilowatt-hours (2)

(ii) Electricity costs 12 p per kilowatt-hour.

Use the equation in the box to calculate the cost of leaving the compact stereo on standby while the family is on holiday.


total cost = number of kilowatt-hours × cost per kilowatt-hour


...........................................................................................................................

Cost = .............................. p (1)

(c) A headline from a recent newspaper article is shown below.

Explain why leaving appliances on standby damages the environment.

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... (2)

(Total 8 marks)

Q6. John used an electrical heater to heat a cup of water. He kept stirring the water. When the temperature reached 20°C, he started his stopwatch and measured the temperature of the water every half minute.

He switched off the heater after 4 minutes, but continued to record the temperature. His results are shown in the table.

One measurement is missing and another appears to be wrong.

Time (minutes) Temperature (ºC)


0.0 20

0.5 26

1.0 31

1.5 36

2.0 41

2.5 46

3.0

3.5 57

4.0 56

4.5 58

5.0 59

5.5 59

(a) Use the results in the table to draw a graph on the grid. Label the axes. Plot the points and draw a smooth curve of best fit.

4 marks

(b) From your curve, estimate the temperature of the water after three minutes.

............°C 1 mark

maximum 5 marks

Q7. The drawing below shows a garden water feature. It is solar-powered.


The solar cell absorbs energy from the Sun. The solar cell is connected to a motor in the bowl. The motor drives a pump. Water is pumped up to the jug and it flows back down to the bowl.

(a) Use the information above to help you to complete the following sentences. Choose words from the list.

(i) The useful energy change in the solar cell is from light to .................................... energy.

1 mark

(ii) The useful energy change in the motor is from electrical energy to .................................... energy.

1 mark

(iii) As the water flows from the jug to the bowl ....................................... energy is changed into .................................... energy.

2 marks

(b) Give one advantage and one disadvantage of using a solar cell to power the water feature.

advantage ....................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................... 1 mark

disadvantage ................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................... 1 mark

maximum 6 marks

Q8. Keith has a wind-up radio. It does not use batteries. It is powered by a steel spring.


(a) Keith winds up the spring. As the spring unwinds, potential energy in the spring is transferred to a generator, which then turns.

The generator provides electrical energy for the radio.

Fill the gaps in the sentences below to show the useful energy changes which take place in the generator and the speaker.

(i) As the generator turns, ............................................................. energy is

changed to electrical energy. 1 mark

(ii) In the speaker, electrical energy is changed to

............................................................. energy. 1 mark

(b) When Keith turns the volume up so that the radio is louder, the spring unwinds more quickly.

Why does the spring unwind more quickly?

.........................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................... 1 mark

(c) The radio has a solar cell which can also provide electrical energy.

Keith winds up his radio and takes it outside without changing the volume. The steel spring unwinds more slowly when sunlight falls on the solar cell. Explain why.

.........................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................... 1 mark

(d) The wind-up radio was designed for use in poorer countries.

Suggest why wind-up radios are useful in poorer countries.

.........................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................... 1 mark


M1. (a) (i) • chemical

answers must be in the correct order 1 (L6)

• thermal

accept ‘kinetic’

‘heat’ is insufficient ‘movement’ is insufficient

1 (L6)

(ii) any one from

• sound

• light 1 (L6)

(b) • kinetic electrical

answers must be in the correct order both answers are required for the mark ‘movement’ is insufficient for kinetic

1 (L6)

(c) any one from

• the wind speed varies

accept ‘it depends on the weather’

• sometimes the wind does not blow

accept ‘the wind is unreliable’

• the wind cannot be controlled

accept ‘it varies’ accept ‘it could be too windy’

responses that do not refer to wind, such as ‘they spoil the landscape’ or ‘they kill birds’ or ‘they are too noisy’ or ‘interfere with TV and radio signals’ are insufficient

1 (L5)

(d) (i) • Sun(light)

accept ‘light’ accept ‘solar (energy)’

do not accept ‘heat’ ‘photosynthesis’ is insufficient

1 (L5)

(ii) • renewable source

both the correct answer and a correct explanation are required for the mark

you can grow more plants

accept ‘you grow it (again)’

do not accept ‘you can use it again’ ‘it is a biofuel’ is insufficient

1 (L6)

M2. (a) iron

hairdryer 1

kettle

answers can be in any order 1


(b) sound 1

(c) is more efficient than 1

[5]

M3. (a) oil 1 (L4)

natural gas

accept ‘gas’

answers may be in either order 1 (L4)

(b) (i) any two from

answers may be in either order

• wind

• solar

• tidal

• biomass

• geothermal 2 (L4)

(ii) C E A B D

if all three letters are correct, award two marks

if one letter is correct, award one mark 2 (L4)

[6]

M4. (a) (i) any one from

• the Earth rotates

accept ‘the Sun appears to move across the sky’ accept ‘the Sun is in a different position at different times of day’

• the amount of sunlight varies

accept ‘different cloud cover’

• the angle of the Sun varies

accept ‘in the middle of the day the energy received is greatest’

do not accept ‘in the middle of the day the Sun is hottest or brightest’

1 (L7)

(ii) 6.0

accept any number from 5.8 to 6.2 1 (L6)

(b) (i) a graph starting after 6 am and ending before 6 pm 1 (L7)

a line below the existing line and flat or reaching a maximum between 12 noon and 1 pm

1 (L7)

(ii) 15

accept ‘ ’ 1 (L7)


[5]

M5. (a) (i) 0.6

accept 60 % allow 1 mark for useful energy = 480 answer 0.6 with any unit or 60 gains 1 mark only

2

(ii) transferred to surroundings

accept goes into the air accept heats the surroundings up accept gets spread out accept transferred into heat (only)

do not accept wasted / lost unless qualified destroyed negates mark transferred into light / sound negates mark

1

(b) (i) 1.75

allow 1 mark for converting to kW

answers of 0.7, 0.525, 0.35, 0.875, 1.05, 5.25 gains 1 mark answers of 1750 or 17.5 gains 1 mark

2

(ii) 21p or £0.21 or their (b)(i) × 12 1

(c) any two from:

• (more) electricity needs to be generated

(more) electricity is being used

• (more) power stations needed

• (more) fossil fuels burnt

accept named fossil fuel

• (more) pollutant gases emitted

accept named gas accept harmful for pollutant accept greenhouse gases accept atmospheric pollution

accept answer in terms of any form of electricity generation and an associated environmental problem

2 [8]

M6. (a) • X-axis: time (minutes)

Y-axis: temperature (°C) 1 (L7)

• appropriate scales such as 2 cm represents 10°C, 2 cm represents 1 minute

1 (L7)

• 11 points plotted to within half a small square 1 (L7)

• a smooth curve of best fit (not dot-to-dot)

pupils can gain credit for correct responses to other parts if the axes are wrongly labelled both answers are required for the mark

units are required for the mark

at least one zero must be included at the origin 1 (L7)


(b) an answer consistent with the drawn curve

accept a tolerance of one small square 1 (L6)

[5]

M7. (a) (i) electrical 1 (L5)

(ii) kinetic

accept ‘movement’ 1 (L6)

(iii) • gravitational potential

accept ‘gravitational’ or ‘potential’ 1 (L6)

• kinetic or sound or thermal

accept ‘heat’ for thermal

accept for two marks ‘kinetic into sound’ or ’kinetic into thermal’

answers must be in the correct order 1

(b) advantage

• the energy will always be replaced

accept ‘it will not run out’

• it is renewable

accept ‘it does not use fuel or mains electricity’

• it is free to run

accept ‘it is cheap’

• a battery might leak

accept ‘no pollution with a solar cell’ 1 (L5)

disadvantage

• if the Sun goes in the pump will stop

• it will not work at night or in the dark

accept ‘it must be in the Sun to work’

accept ‘it is not sunny all the time’

do not accept ‘can be used again’ 1 (L5)

[6 M8. (a) (i) kinetic

accept ‘movement’ or ‘motion’ 1 (L7)

(ii) sound

accept ‘kinetic’ or ‘movement’ or ‘motion’ 1 (L7)

(b) any one from

answers must refer to ‘energy’ or ‘power’

• loud sounds dissipate more energy than quieter sounds

accept ‘energy is used or needed more quickly’

• energy is transferred more quickly

accept ‘it is using more power’ or ‘more energy is


transferred per second’

• more potential or kinetic energy is converted to sound

accept ‘more energy is converted to sound’

accept ‘it is using or transferring more energy’

accept ‘it produces more electrical energy’ do not accept ‘it uses more electricity’

1 (L7)

(c) any one from

• solar energy or light energy is used

accept ‘the radio is run by sunlight or light’

• less energy is provided by or taken from the spring

accept ‘the light provides a second source of energy’

• energy is provided by the solar cell

accept ‘the radio is run by the Sun’ accept ‘the radio has two sources of energy’

1 (L7)

(d) any one from

• batteries or mains electricity are not available

• batteries or mains are not needed

• people cannot afford batteries or mains electricity

accept ‘the energy resource is free’

accept ‘they are cheap to run’

‘they are cheap’ is insufficient 1 (L7)

[5]

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