Latin I

DRILLBOOK

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Exercises by

David Rudmin

Images Credits:

Special thanks to David Iliff, photographer, and Vassil,editor for their image of the Colosseum at night, which they have made public domain through the Wikimedia Commons (cover).

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Edition 1.0. 2013.

© 2013. David Rudmin. All rights reserved. This work may not be copied in whole, without the author’s written permission.

Homework Recitation Practice Book

Directions: For 15 minutes every night, use the wordlists at the right to rehearse each exercise under the chapter you are studying. You should try to use ALL the words at least once; and for some exercises (the unnatural or uncomfortable ones) you should use every single word in the list. (e.g. If the list has 20 nouns, then you recite the exercise 20 times.) As it becomes easy and repetitive (boring?) you should then try to speed it up, until it is fast and effortless/easy. Try to see how fast you can go! Make sure though, that you always understand what each phrase or sentence is saying . . . . Don’t recite so quickly that you miss its meaning. Then when you’ve mastered all the exercises, move on to the paragraph below it. Using what you’ve learned, convert this paragraph into Latin. Remember: Sometimes there is more than one way to say something.

Suggestions: 1. The wider selection of words you use, the more it will help you. Ceaselessly try

to make sentences in new and unorthodox ways. Try to stretch yourself, and try to put each word in new and uncomfortable positions. For now, don’t worry about whether or not the sentences you make are objectively true. As long as they say something coherent, they’re okay. Try instead to focus on whether you’re putting the individual words together correctly.

2. As you practice, Listen to Yourself! (Turn off the TV, if necessary.) That will help train your ear. Listen for the complete phrase, or complete sentence, noting how the various endings' sounds match or trigger one another.

3. Make it your goal to get to the point where you can subconsciously hear the sentence, and know that its endings are grammatically right, just by the sound of it, without consciously thinking about it.

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Noun List infans,-fantis c.puella puermulier virfīlia fīliusmāter patersoror,-ōris frāterancilla servusamīca amīcusuxor,ōris marītus--------------------------------------penna stilustabula libermensa signumsella verbumcharta nōmen pensum domesticum

Chapter 1.

1. [Noun] meus/mea/meum 2. [Noun] tuus/tua/tuum3. [Noun] proprius/-a/-um4. eius [Noun]5a. [Noun] [Noun in genitive case*] * = The possessor5b. [Noun in genitive case*] [Noun] * = The possessor6. Nomen illius-[Noun in Gen. case]7a. Nomen huius-[Noun in Gen. case]7b. Nomen huius-[Noun in Gen. case] tuī/tuae/tuī8a. hic [Masc. noun]8b. hic [Masc. noun] tuus8c. hic [Masc. noun] tuus proprius9a. haec [Fem. noun]9b. haec [Fem. noun] mea9c. haec [Fem. noun] mea propria10a. hoc [Neut. noun]10b. hoc [Neut. noun] proprium10d. hoc [Neut. noun] proprium [Noun in Gen. case] 10e. hoc [Neut. noun] proprium [Noun in Gen. case] tuī/tuae/tuī11a. Ego adsum / absum.11b. Tū ades / abes11c. [Noun] adest / abest.11d. [Noun] & [Noun] adsunt / absunt.11e. Ego & [Noun] adsumus / absumus.11f. Tu & [Noun] adestis / abestis.* Challenge yourself:12a. Hic/Ille ipse [Masc. Noun] quī, . . . 12b. “Quis adest?” “Hic/Ille ipse [Masc. Noun] quī est amīcus meus adest.”12c. Haec/Illa ipsa [Fem. Noun] quae, . . .12d. “Quis adest?” “Haec/Illa ipsa [Fem. Noun] quae, est amīca mea adest.”12e. Hoc/Illud ipsum [Neut. Noun] quod, . . .12f. “Quid adest?” “Hoc/Illud ipsum [Neut. Noun] quod, est verbum meum adest.”13a. Illud cuius* / hoc cuius* //illud ipsum / hoc ipsum / quod ipsum //

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13b. Ille cuius* / hic cuius* // ille ipse / hic ipse / quī ipse //13c. Illa cuius* / haec cuius* // illa ipsa / haec ipsa / quae ipsa // * Genitive14a. Illīus quod* / huius quod* // illīus ipsīus / huius ipsīus / cuius ipsīus //14b. Illīus quī* / huius quī* // illīus ipsīus / huius ipsīus / cuius ipsīus //14c. Illīus quae* / huius quae* // illīus ipsīus / huīus ipsīus / cuius ipsīus //

* Nominative------------------------Speak the following paragraph in Latin until you can do it spontaneously (ideally, from memory).

The name of this boy is Octavius. The name of that girl is Polla. Octavius et [Gen.] [Gen.]Polla are absent. Where? Not here! There! This homework is his, and that homework

[Plural] [eius]is hers. I am a servant, and you are the son of Decius and Quintilla. I am the servant of [eius]the father of your father. Your pen and your very own paper are here. This book is the [Gen.] [Gen.] [Plural]homework of your father, and that book is your very own. There is your homework.

[Gen.]

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Chapter 2

1a. [Noun] magnus/-a/-um1b. [Noun] multus/-a/-um 2. [Noun] fēlīx3a. [Masc/Fem. Noun] fortis3b. [Neuter noun] forte4. [Noun] parvus/-a/-um5a. [Masc/Fem. Noun] (est) tristis5b. [Neuter noun] (est) triste6a. Eius [Noun] [adj.] 6b. Cuius [Noun] [adj.] ?7a. [Noun] [adj.] illius? 7b. [Noun] [adj.] illius [Gen.Noun] !7c. [Noun] [adj.] illius [Gen. Noun] [Gen. Adj.]?8. [Noun] [adj.]9a. [Noun] [Gen. Noun] fēlicis?9b. [Noun] magnī-/-ae/-ī [Gen. Noun]?10a. Fortis [Noun] [Gen. Noun] fortis?10b. Tristis [Noun] [Gen. Noun] tristis?11. Ordo est [noun] primus/-a/-um, [Noun] medius/-a/-um, et [Noun] ultimus/-a/-um------------------------

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Adjective List magnus parvus multus paucusfēlix,-īcis trīstis,-epulcher,-chra,-chrum fortis,-eprīmus quīntus medius ultimus

Reuse previous vocab lists to augment each new list.

1 The order is this: The first girl is brave. Her friend is second and he also is brave. 2 The first girl and first boy are present here. The middle girl is sad? How is she sad? 3 Whose homework is tough? My homework is tough? That homework of that 4 strong woman is tough? This is the final homework. So that middle girl is happy? 5 Now the little friend of that middle girl is happy too? I’m happy! The son of my 6 beautiful mother is happy. Here, [there] is scant homework. Much is happy here.

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Chapter 3

1. Singular Plural 1st person: _____-ō ______-mus * Be able to recite 2nd person: _____-s _______-tis this for any verb. 3rd person: _____-t _______-nt2. Quis [verb]? 3a. ego [verb]3b. tū [verb]3c. is/ea/id [verb]3d. [Noun] [verb]4a. nōs [verb]4b. vōs [verb]4c. eī/eae/ea [verb]5a. hinc/illinc [form of abīre] ?5b. hūc/illūc [form of adīre] ?6. hīc [form of adesse] ?7a. hīc [Noun] adest?7b. illīc [Noun] abest?8a. Cur adsum ego? 8b. Cur tū ades?8c. Cur is/ea abest? 8d. Cur vōs adestis?8e. Cur nōs adsumus?8f. Cur eī/eae absunt?9a. Sī* [form of adīre**], tunc [form of adesse**]. * Sī = “If”

** Make sure the verbs match in person and number: “aditis . . . adestis.”Do this exercise in all 6 persons and numbers (ego/tū/is/nos/vos/eī).

9b. Sī [form of abīre], tunc [form of abesse].10a. Ego quī/quae [verb]. . . Nōs quī/quae [verb]. * Plural is “quī” if even 1 male. 10b. Ō tū quī/quae [verb]. Ō vōs quī/quae [verb]. * “ “ “ “ “ “ “ 10c. Is quī [verb]. 10d. Ea quae [verb]. 10e. Id quod [verb]. ------------------------

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Verbs List spectō,-āre 1st pensō,-āreobtineō,-ēre 2nd habeō,-ēreagō,-ere dīcō,-ereclaudō,-ere 3rd legō,-erescrībō,-erefaciō,-ere 3rd-IO capiō,-ereaperiō,-īre 4th audiō,-īre

Irregulars(ab/ad)eō,-īre (ad/ab)sum,-esse

We look. Sabinus is here. His sister Metella is here. They are talking. But they are not listening. Are you all (pl.) listening? I don’t think so [ita]. Who is listening? Domitilla is listening. The friend of this happy girl is writing. But she is listening too. Are you listening as you write? Yes I am listening as I write.

Chapter 4

1. Quid pensās?...Quid dicis?...Quid agis?2a. Quem/Quid [verb]?2b. Hunc [verb].2c. [Acc. Masc. Noun] [verb]?2d. Ita, illum [verb].3a. Quem/Quid [verb]?3b. Hanc [verb].3c. [Acc. Fem. Noun] [verb] ?3d. Ita, illam [verb].4a . . . . . . . . . . [Acc. Noun] . . . . . . . . . . [verb].4b. . . . . . . . . . . [Acc. Noun] [Acc. Adj.] [verb]. * Noun & adj. must match in Gender4c [Gen. Noun] [Acc. Noun] [Acc. Adj.] [verb].5. Si [Acc. Noun] agimus, tunc ipse/ipsa/ipsum* movit. * Nouns must match in Gender6a. [Acc. Noun]-ne [verb]? . . . Fortasse* [1st person verb]. * Fortasse = “Perhaps”6b. Num tu [Acc. Noun] [verb]? . . . Minime, nōn [1st person verb] ! 6c. Nōnne tu [Acc. Noun] [verb]! . . . Ita, [1st person verb] !7. [Acc. Noun] [verb, in imperative mood] !8a. Mē/Tē/eum/eam/id audī(te)!8b. Mē/Tē/eum/eam/id vidē(te)!9. Ad/Per/In(tra)/Extra/Sub/Super/Circum [Acc. Noun] eō.Make sure that the following pronoun-phrases make sense to you: * = Genitive10a. Neuters: ...quod omne / Illud omne / Hoc omne . . . . . . . . . . . . . videō.

Illud ipsum / Hoc ipsum / ...quod ipsum . . . “ .Illud cuius* dīcis / Hoc cuius* dīcis / Omne cuius* dīcis . . . “ .

10b. Masculines: ...quem omnem / Illum omnem / Hunc omnem . . . “ .Illum ipsum / Hunc ipsum / ...quem ipsum . . . “ .Illum cuius* dīcis / Hunc cuius* dīcis / Omnem cuius* dīcis. . . “ .

10c. Feminines: ...quem omnem / Illam omnem / Hanc omnem . . . “ .Illam ipsam / Hanc ipsam / ...quem ipsam . . . “ .Illam cuius* dīcis / hanc cuius* dīcis / omnem cuius* dīcis . . . “ .

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(New) Words List mūtō,-āre 1st stō,-āremoveō,-ēre 2nd videō,-ērecurrō,-ere 3rd petō,-erequaerō,-ere vertō,-ere Irregulars(ex/red)eō,-īremus,-ris canis,-isfēles,-is pēs,pedislinea,-ae gladius,-iī spatium-iī nihil(um),-ī scūtum,-ī silentium,-iī

New Words List GST [Give/Show/Tell] Verbsdō,dāre 1st monstrō,-ārenarrō,-āre (dicō,-ere) Intransitive Verbsfaveō,-ēre crēdō, -ererespondeō,-ēre placeō,-ēre Irregularsferō, ferre, possum, posse volō, velle nōlō, nolle, mālō, mallebulla,-ae gens,-tisAdjectives praeclarus,-a,-umliberālis,-e (di)similis,-e Impersonalbonum,-a,-us malum,-a,-usfacilis,-e difficilis,-enecesse parum satis nimis

Accusatives are marked in boxes. Once you’ve mastered the Latin-ate word-order, see if you can do the English word-order, without boxes.

Latin-ate: A big dog I’m seeking, but a little mouse I have. How do I obtain a big dog? I go to Salvius. He has much lead. Much of his lead I ask for. This lead I change. A big space within that lead I make. The mouse into that space within the lead I drive. Around my foot the lead I move. A cat approaches! The cat into the space within the lead looks. The cat I snatch [take]. The lead I open, and the mouse goes out. The cat into the space within the lead I drive. The lead I close. A dog approaches! The dog into the space within the lead looks. The dog I snatch!

English: I’m seeking a big dog, but I have a little mouse. How do I obtain a big dog? I go to Salvius. He has much lead. I ask for much of his lead. I change this lead. I make a big space within that lead. I drive the mouse into the space within the lead. I move the lead around my foot. A cat approaches! The cat looks into the space within the lead. I snatch [take] the cat. I open the lead, and the mouse goes out. I drive the cat into the space within the lead. I close the lead. A dog approaches! The dog looks into the space within the lead. I snatch the dog!

------------------------Chapter 5

1a. Cuī [Intrans. verb]?1b. Huic [Intrans. verb].1c. [Dat. Masc. Noun] [Intrans. verb]?1d. Ita, illī [Intrans. verb].1e. Tunc, illī [Dat. Masc.] [Intrans. verb].2a. Cuī [Intrans. verb]?2b. Huic [Intrans. verb].2c. [Dat. Fem. Noun] [Intrans. verb] ?2d. Ita, illī [Intrans. verb].2e. Tunc, illī [Dat. Fem.] [Intrans. verb].3. Dīc(ite)/Monstrā(te) nomen tuum [Dat.] !4a. [Dat.] [Acc.] . . . . . . [GST verb].4b. [Dat.] [Acc.] [Gen.] [GST verb].4c. [Gen.] [Dat.] [Acc.] [Gen.] [GST verb].5a. [Impers. Adj.] est [Dat.] . . . . . . . . . . . . .[ infinitive verb]5b. [Impers. Adj.] est [Dat.] chartam meam [Dat.] monstrāre.6a. . . . . . . . . . . . narrāre [Irreg. verb]6b. [Dat.] [Acc.] narrāre [Irreg. verb] 7a. Mihi/tibi/Eī [Intrans. verb].7b. [Intrans. verb]-ne mihi? . . . Fortasse.7c. Num eī [Intrans. verb]? . . . Minimē!7d. Nōnne nōbīs [Intrans. verb]? . . . Ita!

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New Words List Abl. Prepositions Sub In Dē SinePro A(b) Cum Expulsō,-āre 1st clāmō,-āretollō,-ere 3rd pōnō,-ere tango,-ere cadō,-ere(ad)veniō,-īre 4th

ferō,ferre Irregular aula,-ae domus,-ūs iānua,-ae humus,-ī fenestra,-ae fons, fontis lātrīna,-ae (merī)diēs,dieī via,-ae rūs,-ris aqua,-ae tectum,-ī vox, vōcis mūrum,-ī nox,noctis cubiculum,-ī hōra,-ae mōmentum,-ī

Impersonal

Make sure that the following pronoun-phrases make sense to you: * = Nominative8a. Neuters: ...cuī omnī / Illī omnī / Huic omnī . . . . . . . . . . . .respondeō.

Illī ipsī / Huic ipsī / ...cuī ipsī . . . “ .

Illī quod* adest / Huic quod* adest / Omnī quod* adest “ .8b. Masculines: ...cuī omnī / Illī omnī / Huic omnī . . . “ .

Illī ipsī / Huic ipsī / ...cuī ipsī . . . “ .Illī quī* adest / Huic quī* adest / Omnī quī* adest . . . “ .

8c. Feminines: ...cuī omnī / Illī omnī / Huic omnī . . . “ .Illī ipsī / Huic ipsī / ...cuī ipsī . . . “ .Illī quae* adest / Huic quae* adest / Omnī quae* adest . . . “ .

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Do you trust me? It is necessary for you to trust. Trust whom? Trust that big friend of yours? No. Trust me! To want is too much for you, and to not want is too little for you. It is enough for you to trust. You are able to do the difficult [thing], if you trust. But you are not able to act thus, unless you trust me, your friend.

------------------------Chapter 6

1a. Cum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .mātre/patre/sorōre.1b. Cum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . difficilī mātre/patre/sorōre. 1c. Cum . . . . . nōn liberālī, difficilī mātre/patre/sorōre. 1d. Cum tristī, nōn liberālī, difficilī mātre/patre/sorōre. 2a. [Prep.] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .[Abl. Noun] 2b. [Prep.] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [Abl. Adj.] [Abl. Noun] 2c. [Prep.] . . . . . . . . . .[Abl. Adj.] [Abl. Adj.] [Abl. Noun] 2d. [Prep.] [Abl. Adj.] [Abl. Adj.] [Abl. Adj.] [Abl. Noun] 2e. [Prep.] [Abl. Adj.] [Abl. Adj.] [Abl. Adj.] [Abl. Noun] 3a. [Prep.][Abl. Noun]3b. [Prep.][Abl. Noun] [Abl. Adj.]3c. [Prep.] [Abl. Noun] [Abl. Adj.] [Gen. Noun]3d. [Prep.] [Abl. Noun] [Abl. Adj.] [Gen. Noun] [Gen. Adj.]4. [Dat.] necesse est [Prep.][Abl. Noun] [verb infinitive]5a. (In) quo/illō/hōc/ipsō diē . . . . . adveniunt.5b. (In) quā/illā/hāc/ipsā nocte . . . adveniunt.5c. (In) quō/illō/hōc/ipsō momentō adveniunt.5d. (In) momentō [Abl. Neuter adj.] adveniunt.6a. Quō . . . [form of īre]?6b. Quā viā [form of īre]?6c. Unde [form of īre]?7a. Quā viā . . . Romā / dom ō / hum ō / rūr e / Thēbe. . . [form of abīre]? Ablative 7b. Quā viā ab Italiā / ab spatiō / ab patre . . . . . . . . . . [form of abīre]?7c. Quā viā . . . Romam/dom um /hum um /rūs/Thēbem [form of ad(ven)īre]? Accusative

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Acc. Prepositionsante post iuxta praeter prope contrā ultrā

7d. Quā viā ad Graeciam /ad mūrum /ad fratrem tuum [form of ad(ven)īre]?8a. “Ubi sum?”. . . . . “Romae / Lutetiae / Albae-Longae . . . . . . es!” = Gen.8b. “Ubi es?” . . . . . “Dom ī / Hum ī / Mediōlānī / Londinī. . . . . sum!”= Gen. Locative8c. “Ubi est?” . . . . . “Rure / Carthāgine / Thēbe / Ierūsalēme . . est!” = Abl. (towns)8d. “Ubi estis?” . . . “In aulā / In ianuā / In fenestrā . . . . . . . . . sumus!” 8e. “Ubi sumus?” . . .“In cubiculō / In mūrō / In tectō / In nihilō estis!” Ablative8f. “Ubi sunt?” . . . “In viā / In nocte / In pede tuō . . . . . . . . . . .sunt!” Decide whether or not to use ab/ad: (*Note:Underlined words above receive NO ab/ad.)9. . Si (ab) [Abl. Noun] [form of abīre], viā primā/mediā/ultimā tunc subitō (ad) [Acc. Noun] [form of ad(ven)īre].10. In quō/quā mōmentō/hōrā/diē/nocte [form of abīre]?11a. Si prope [Acc. Noun] sum, tunc esse possum sub [Abl. Noun], super [Acc. Noun],

ad dexteram [Gen. Noun], ad sinistram [Gen. Noun], ante [Abl. Noun], et post [Acc. Noun]. Quoque esse possum iuxta [Acc. Noun] et praeter [Acc. Noun].

11b. Sī procul ā [Acc. Noun] sum, tunc esse possum contrā [Acc. Noun], ultrā [Acc. Noun], multum post [Acc. Noun] et multum ante [Acc. Noun]. Longum dē mē est.Make sure that the following pronoun-phrases make sense to you: * = Accusative12a. Neuters: ...quō omnī / Illō omnī / Hōc omnī . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . īre possumus.

Illō ipsō / Hōc ipsō / ...quō ipsō . . . “ “ .Illō quod* fers / Hōc quod* fers / Omnī quod* fers . . . “ “ .

12b. Masculines: ...quō omnī / Illō omnī / Hōc omnī . . . “ “ Illō ipsō / Hōc ipsō / ...quō ipsō . . . “ “ .Illō quī* fers / Hōc quī* fers / Omnī quī* fers . . . “ “ .

12c. Feminines: ...quā omnī / Illā omnī / Hāc omnī . . . “ “ .Illā ipsā / Hāc ipsā / ...quā ipsā . . . “ “ .Illā quae* fers / Hāc quae* fers / Omnī quae* fers . . . “ “ .

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I need much. I have a shield, but I’m without a sword. My father’s sword is at home, but in what space is it? Is it in the atrium? No—It’s in my father’s big study. Is it in front of his table, or behind his table? Yes, it’s under his table! Ahh, I see it. It’s his very one. -----------------------

Chapter 7

1a. “Quōmodo [form of esse] tu/is/ea/(etc.)?”1b. “[Adj.] [form of esse].1c. Quam [Adj.] [form of esse]!

* Transform the adjective into an adverb.1d. [Adv.][form of agere].1e. Quam [Adv.][form of agere]!”2a. “Quantum* [verb]?” (*Quantum = How much?)2b. “Multum/modicum/paulum [verb].” 3a. Paulō [Adv.] [verb] . . . . Vix [Adv.] [verb].

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Auxiliary Adverbs (Can modify other adverbs:)vīx paulō/um in parte modicē valdē multō/um - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -magis minusnimis quam

Adverbs List 3rd decl.bene brevitermalē celeriterlātē 1st & humiliterlongē 2nd faciliterultimē decl. difficiliteraltē (dis)similitertardē līberāliterpropinquē fēlīciterprimō/um Irregular

tristiter

3b. Modicē [Adv.] [verb] . . . . In parte [Adv.] [verb]3c. Multō [Adv.] [verb] . . . . Valdē [Adv.] [verb].4a. “Quomodo [verb]?” 4b. [Adv.] [verb].4c. Quam [Adv.] [verb]!” In preparation for next chapter, count:5a. Ūnus, duo, trēs, quattuor, quīnque, sex, septem, octō, novem, decem.

“One, two, (etc.)...”5b. Prīmō, secundō, tertiō, quartō, quintō, sextō, septimō, octāvō, nōnō, decimō.

“Firstly, secondly, (etc.)...”5c. Semel, bis, ter, quater, quinquiēs, sexiēs, septiēs, octiēs, nōniēs, deciēs.

“Once, twice, thrice, four times, five times, (etc.)”* You may also substitute “-iens” instead of “-iēs.”

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You do well. If you run difficultly, you still [ita] arrive rather quickly. While your friend moves easily in front of you, you humbly fall back [retro]. But ultimately, you arrive first. She is a little unhappy, but you do not respond to her badly. Much more, you seek to be her friend. How generously do you remove the silence! This is how you show yourself [to be] very generous.

If having difficulty, use this Latinate word order: . . . She is a little unhappy, but you to her badly do not respond. Much more, her friend to be you seek. How generously do you remove the silence! This is how yourself [to be] very generous* you show. * Make sure “generous matches” “yourself” in case and #.------------------------

Chapter 8

1a. Ūna, duae, trēs, . . .Ūna puella, duae puellae, trēs puellae.1b. Ūnus, duō, trēs, . . .Ūnus puer, duō puerī, trēs puerī.1c. Ūnum, duō, tria, . . Ūnum obiectum, duō obiecta, tria . . .2a. (Write:) I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII,

XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XVIII, XIX, XX2b. (Speak:) . . . quattro, quinque; . . . séx, septem; . . .

ócto, novem, decem2c. semel, bis, ter, quater,... ...quinquies, sexies, septies, octies, novies, decies.3a. (Speak:) Ūndecim, duodecim, tredecim,

quattuordecim, quīndecim, sēdecim; septendecim, duodēvīgintī, ūndēvīgintī, . . .vīgintī.“Eleven, twelve, (etc.)...”

3b. Ūndecimō, duodecimō, “Eleventhly, twelthly, (etc.)...”

tertiō... , quartō... , quīntō... , sextō... , septimō... . . .

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New Words List longitūdo,-inis altitūdo, -inislatitūdo,-inis amplitūdo,-inisnōs vōseī,eae,ea omnis,-isaliquis,-quod Personal Pron.’slongus,-a,-um brevis,-elatus,-a,-um amplus,-a,-um angustus,-a,-um altus,-a,-humilis,-e noster,-tra,-trum suī,suae,suavester,-tra,-trum Possessiveset . . . et . . . aut . . . aut . . . nī . . . nī . . . nec . . . neque . . quoque necnon Conjunctions

decimō, duodēvīcēsimō, undēvīcēsimō, . . . vīcēsimō.

“Eleventhly, twelthly, (etc.)...”3c. ūndeciēs, duōdeciēs, terdeciēs, “Eleven times, twelve times, (etc.)...”

quater deciēs, quindeciēs, sedeciēs, septendeciēs, duodēvīciēs, ūndēvīciēs, . . . vīciēs

* You may also substitute “-iens” instead of “-iēs.”“Eleven times, twelve times, (etc.)...”

4a. Et [noun] et [noun] [Pl. verb]. * - “Pl.” = “Plural verb,” e.g. veniunt.4b. Quantō [noun] [verb], tantō [noun] [verb]. 4c. Nī [noun] nī [noun] [Pl. verb].4d. Nec [noun] [verb], neque [noun] [verb], neque [noun] [verb], necnōn [noun] [verb].5a. Hic/Ille ipse quī, . . . Hī/Illī ipsī quī . . . * Notice: Plurals all have same sound.5b. Haec/Illa ipsa quae, . . . Hae/Illae ipsae quae... *Note: Plurals all have same sound.5c Hoc/Illud ipsum quod, . . . Haec/Illa ipsa quae . . . *Notice: Neut pl. = Fem. Sing.6a. Quis /Quid . . . . . . . . . . . . [verb]? *All genders6b. Quī/Quae/Quod [noun] . . . . . [verb]? in this6c. Ille/Illa/Illud quī/quae/quod . . . . . . . . [verb] [verb]? exercise6d. Ita, Ipse/Ipsa/Ipsum quī/quae/quod . . . . . . . . [verb] [verb]. = the noun’s6e. Hic/Haec/Hoc ipse/ipsa/ipsum quī/quae/quod . . . . . . . . [verb] [verb]. gender.7a. Quī/Quae/Quae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .[Pl. verb]? 7b. Quī/Quae/Quae [Pl. noun] . . . . . . . . .[Pl. verb]? 7c. Illī/Illae/Illa quī/quae/quae . . . . . . . . . . [Pl. verb] [Pl. verb]?7d. Ita, Ipsī/Ipsae/Ipsa quī/quae/quod . . . . . . . . . . [Pl. verb] [Pl. verb]. 7d. Hī/Hae/Haec ipsī/ipsae/ipsa quī/quae/quod . . . . . . . . . . [Pl. verb] [Pl. verb]. 8a. [Pl. noun] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .[Pl.GSTverb]? 8b. [Pl. noun][Pl. Adj.] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .[Pl.GSTverb]? 8c. [Pl. noun][Pl. Adj.] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [Acc. noun] . . . . . . . . [Pl.GSTverb]? 8d. [Pl. noun][Pl. Adj.] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [Acc. noun][Acc. Adj.][ “ ]? 8e. [Pl. noun][Pl. Adj.][Dat. noun] . . . . . . . . .[Acc. noun][Acc. Adj.][ “ ]? 8f. [Pl. noun][Pl. Adj.][Dat. noun][Dat. Adj.][Acc. noun][Acc. Adj.][ “ ]? 8g. [Adv.][Pl. noun][Pl. Adj.][Dat. noun][Dat. Adj.][Acc. noun][Acc. Adj.][ “ ]?

* See GST Verb-list, Chapter 5.9a. [Masc. noun] vester est. Monstrat sē vestrum. Pro illō vestrō, quid dabis

vestrō? Vestrī es amator*/amatrix*? * = “a lover” 9b. [Fem. noun] nostra est. Monstrat sē nostram. Pro illā nostrā, quid dabis

nostrae? Nostrae es amator/amatrix? 9c. [Neut. noun] Nostrum est. Monstrat sē nostrum. Pro illō nostrō, quid dabis nostrō? Nostrī es amator/amatrix? Make sure that the following pronoun-phrases make sense to you: * = Dative10a. Neuters: ...quae omnia / Illa omnia / Haec omnia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . adsunt.

Illa ipsa / Haec ipsa / ...quae ipsa . . . “ .Illa cui* favēs / Haec cui* favēs / Omnia cui* favēs . . . “

10b. Masculines: ...quī omnēs / Illī omnēs / Hī omnēs . . . “ .Illī ipsī / Hī ipsī / ...quī ipsī . . . “ .Illī cui* favēs / Hī cui* favēs / Omnēs cui* favēs . . . “ .

12

10c. Feminines: ...quae omnēs / Illae omnēs / Hae omnēs . . . “ .Illae ipsae / Hae ipsae / ...quae ipsae . . . “ .Illae cui* favēs / Hae cui* favēs / Omnēs cui* favēs . . . “ .

------------------------

All those three boys [of] ours who are short are now sad. Neither Mark, nor Steven, nor Gregory wants to listen. They can’t jump. But who can jump? Someone who is tall. I and you, we are short. As much as they can jump, we can jump. But we are not sad. We ourselves are very happy. We are standing on the roof of this our house*. We can see far from here. * Domus is 2nd declension, but feminine.

Chapter 9

1a. “Quōmodo es tu?”1b. “[Comp. Adj.] sum”1c. “Es [Comp. Adj.] quam [noun]? *With esse & quam both nouns stay Nom.1d. “Ita, [Abl.] [Comp. Adj.] sum . . . *The ablative noun is what you’re better than.1e. ...quia [Abl.] [Comp. Adv.] [1st person verb].”2a. “Quantum* [verb].? (* Quantum = How much[ly]?)2b. Plus quam [Nom. noun]?” 2c. Ita, “Plus [Abl. noun].” 3a. “Quālis/-e* est [Name]?” *Quālis,-e =“What sort of [one]?”3b. [Abl.] [Comp. Adj.] est..4a. Quālis* personae est haec domus? *Genitive4b. Haec domus est personae. . . . . . . . . . .[Comp.Gen. Adj.].4c. Haec domus est perosnae [Abl. noun] [Comp.Gen. Adj.].5a. Quālem/e habēre vīs? 5b. [Comp. Acc. Adj.] habēre volo.5c. [Acc. noun] . . . . . . . . . .[Comp. Acc. Adj.] habēre volo.5d. [Acc. noun] [Abl. noun] [Comp. Acc. Adj.] habēre volo.6a. Quālī crēdis?6b. [Comp. Dat. Adj.] crēdō.6c. [Dat. noun] . . . . . . . . . . [Comp. Dat. Adj.] crēdō.6d. [Dat. noun] [Abl. noun] [Comp. Dat. Adj.] crēdō.7a. Quāle* personā laetus/-a es? *Abl: “With what sort of...”7b. [Comp. Abl. Adj.] laetus/a sum.7c. [Abl. noun] . . . . . . . . . . [Comp. Abl. Adj.] laetus/a sum.7d. [Abl. noun] [Abl. noun] [Comp. Dat. Adj.] laetus/a sum.8a. [Naughty 9] . . . . . . est [Comp. adj.] quam alterum/am. . . . . . .8b. [Naughty 9] [noun] est [Comp. adj.] quam alter/-a/-um[noun].9a. “Ullum,-am vidēs?”. . .“ Aliquem / Nullum,-am videō.”9b. ‘Tum, Tōtum vidēs?” . . . “Tōtum ./ Partem videō.”9c. “Ūnum vidēs?”. . . “Ūnum / Nullum videō.”9d. “Tum, Utrum vidēs?”...“Utrum/Alterum/Neutrum videō.”For these exercizes use the possibilities written underneath.

13

New Words List Naughty 9 (indefinite)ūnus,-a,-um alius,-a,-um(n)ūllus,-a,-um Naughty 9(definite choice of 1)sōlus,-a,-um tōtus,-a,-umNaughty 9(definite choice of 2)(ne)uter,-a,-um alter,-tera,-terum Plebs,-is tribus, -ūs Patricius,-a,-um lēx,-gis Comparative Adj.’s & Adv.’sprior, -ius posterior, -iusulterior, -ius similior, -ius amplior, -ius angustior,-ius longior, -ius brevior, -iusaltior,-ius humilior,-iuspraeclarior,-iusfortior, -iuscelerior, -ius tardior, -iusmaior, -ius minor,minusfacilior,-ius difficilior,-iusfelicior,-ius tristior, -iusmelior,-ius peior, -iusliberālior,-ius

New Words List bellum,-ī cornū,-ūspassus,-ūs manus,-ūs

exercitus,-ūs centuria,-aehostis,-is cohors,-ortisorbis,-is legiō,-ōnisdigitus,-ī terra,-aepalmus,-ī stella,-aehomo,-inis ingens,-entisgerō,-ere numerō,āreGroups: Romanī,-ae Graecī,-ae Poenī,-aePlebēs Senatōres Patriciī,-aeAliquī,-quae,-qua omnēs,-iapaucī,-ae,-a aliī,-ae,-a(n)ullī,-ae,-a solī,-ae,-aneutrī,-ae,a alterī,-ae,-agentēs (pa-)mātrēs filiī,-ae

10a. [Dat. Naughty 9] favētis? . . . [Dat. Naughty 9] favēmus.(Ullī . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . Unī/Nullī)(Utrī . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utrī/Alterī/Neutrī)

10b. [Abl. Naughty 9] librō/pennā/verbō pensum suum facere potest? . . . [Abl. Naughty 9] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .pensum suum facere potest?”

(Ullō,-ā,-ō . . . Unō,-ā,-ō/Nullō,-ā,-ō) (Utrō,-ā,-ō . . . Unō,-ā,-ō/Alterō,-ā,-ō/Neutrō,-ā,-ō)11a. [Adverb] [verb].11b. [Multiplier][Adverb] [verb].11c. [Multiplier] [Multiplier] [Adverb] [verb].------------------------

What sort of a mother do I have? I know no(ne) better woman than you. Not just well, not just better, but very well you do your work. You are much happier than me. Much more happily you speak to me, than I to you. When I am bigger, I want to be more similar to you than to any other [person].

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Chapter 10

1. [Numerā:] Vīgintī, trīgintā, quadrāgintā, quinquāgintā, sexāgintā, septuāgintā, octōgintā, nōnāgīntā, centum.2. [Numerā:] Centum, ducentī, trecentī, quadringentī, quīngentī, sescentī, septingentī, octingentī, nōngentī, mīlle, duō milia.3a. [Gen.Pl.Noun] . . . . . . . . . . . .[Noun]3b. [Gen.Pl.Noun] [Gen.Pl.Adj.] [Noun]4a. Quōrum/Quārum est [noun]? 4b. Hōrum/Hārum [Gen.Pl.Noun]?4c. No, illōrum/illārum [Gen.Pl.Noun].4d. Eōrum/Eārum? [Gen.Pl.Noun]?4e, Ita, ipsōrum/ipsārum [Gen.Pl.Noun].5. Una pars [Gen.Pl.Noun] [verb], sed altera pars [the same Gen.Pl.Noun] [verb].6a. Quantī [Gen.Pl.Noun] . . . . . . . . . . . .vidēre potes? 6b. Quantī [Gen.Pl.Noun] [Gen.Pl.Adj.] vidēre potes? 7. Partēs [Gen. Pl.], sunt [Nom. Pl.].

(e.g. “Partes Exercituum sunt Legiōnēs)a. (Exercitūs / Legiōnēs)a. (Legionēs / Cohortēs) b. (Cohortēs* / Manipulī) * “Cohors” is an I-stem (Gen.pl.:“cohortium”)c. (Manipulī / Centuriae)d. (Centuriae / Lineae)e. (Lineae / Militēs)

f. (Militēs / Pedēs, manūs etc.)

14

Auxiliary Adverbs (Can modify other adverbs:)multō/um(x 5) per- (x 1 ) valdē (x 2) minus (x 0.8)magis (x 1.2) paulō/um(x 0.2) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -nimis vīx in parte modicē

New Words List Prepositions taking Acc.sub in ad per ante post iuxta propesuper circum praeterinfrā intrā extrā contrā ultrāmons,-tis nūbes,-issōl,-is nebula,-aedēnārius,-iī pluviae,-aeas,-assis uncia,-aefinis,-is pecūnia,-aelocus,-ī pars,-tisfundus,-ī obiectum,-ī mare,-is caelum,-ī lītus,-ōris flūmen,-inislatus,-eris pretium-iī constō,-āre emō,-erevendō,-ere (com)edō,-ederecognōscō,-ere summus,-a,-um

8. To complete the following exercises choose from these nouns: Lex,-gis (f.) 8a. Rōmānōrum [Acc. noun] . . . . . . . . vidēre volō. Exercitus,ūs (m.).8b. Rōmānōrum [Acc. noun][Acc. Adj.] vidēre volō. hostis,-is (m.)8c. Rōmānōrum [Dat. noun] . . . . . . . . . . crēdō/faveō. Gladius,-iī (m.)8d. Rōmānōrum [Dat. noun] [Dat. Adj.] crēdō/faveō. Terra,-ae (f.)8e. Rōmānōrum [Abl. noun] . . . . . . . . . totum orbem obtinēre possumus.8f. Rōmānōrum [Abl. noun] [Abl. Adj.] totum orbem obtinēre possumus.9a. [Indef. Naughty 9] [Gen.Pl.Noun] [verb]? * See Indef. Naughty 9 list in Ch. 99b. [Indef. Naughty 9] [Gen.Pl.Noun] est/sunt . . . . . [Comp. adj.]. **9c. [Indef. Naughty 9] [Gen.Pl.Noun] est/sunt [Abl.] [Comp. adj.]. ** ** Make sure the two adjectives’ endings agree (in case, number, & gender).10a. [Acc. Naughty 9] [Gen.Pl.Noun] vidēre potes? 10b. [Dat. Naughty 9] [Gen.Pl.Noun] crēdis? 10c. Mulier advenit cum [Def. Abl. Naughty 9] [Gen.Pl.Noun].Make sure that the following pronoun-phrases make sense to you: * = Nominative11a. Neuters: ...quōrum omnium / Illōrum omnium / Hōrum omnium . . . . . . . . . . . .dīcō.

Illōrum ipsōrum / Hōrum ipsōrum / ...quōrum ipsōrum . . . “ .Illōrum quae*cognoscis / Hōrum quae*cognoscis / Omnium quae*cognoscis “ .

11b. Masculines: ...quōrum omnium / Illōrum omnium / Hōrum omnium . . . “ .Illōrum ipsōrum / Hōrum ipsōrum / ...Quōrum ipsōrum . . . “ .Illōrum quī* / Hōrum quī* / Omnium quī* . . . “ .

11c. Feminines: ...quārum omnium / Illārum omnium / Hārum omnium . . . “ .Illārum ipsārum / Hārum ipsārum / Quārum ipsārum . . . “ .Illārum quae* / Hārum quae* / Omnium quae* . . . “ .

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No Punics are slaves. All the nations in Spain follow one of the Punics, a man of many deeds [pensum,-ī]. Some of the Gauls favor and trust him, too. He has a great army, and the Roman armies aren’t able to take even a part of his soldiers. Of all the nations, only this one is a very bad enemy to Rome.

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Chapter 11

1a. [Preposition] [Acc.Pl. noun].1b. [Preposition] [Acc.Pl. noun] [Acc.Pl. Adj.]2a. [Acc.Plural Masc. noun] . . . . . . . . . . . . videō.2b. [Acc. Plural Masc. noun] [Acc. Pl.Adj.] videō.2c. [Acc. Pl. Fem. noun] . . . . . . . . . . . . videō.2d. [Acc. Pl. Fem. noun] [Acc. Pl. Adj.] videō.2e. [Acc. Pl. Neut. noun] . . . . . . . . . . . . videō.2f. [Acc. Pl. Neut. noun] [Acc. Pl. Adj.] videō.3a. Huius pretium est [Number]. 3b. [Number] unciās/dēnāriōs/assēs constat.

15

3c Dā(te) mihi [Number] unciās/dēnāriōs/assēs prō illō/illā.3d. Quantōs [Acc. Pl. noun] et [Acc. Pl. noun] et [Acc. Pl. noun] unō dēnāriō emere possum?4a. Quōs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cognoscis?4b. Quōs/Quās/Quae [Acc. Pl. noun] cognoscis?4c. Hōs/Hās/Haec [Acc. Pl. noun] cognoscis?4d. No, illōs/illās/illa [Acc. Pl. noun] cognoscō.4e. Eōs/Eās/Ea [Acc. Pl. noun] cognoscis?4f. It ipsōs/ipsās/ipsa [Acc. Pl. noun] cognoscō.5a. “Tōtōs,-ās,-a vidēs?”. . .“Tōtōs,-ās,-a / Partēs,-ia videō.”5b. “Ullōs,-ās,-a vidēs?”...“Omnēs,-ia / Aliquōs,-ās,-a /

Nullōs,-ās,-a videō.” 5c. “Utrōs,-ās,-a vidēs?”...“( Ne-)Utrōs,-ās,-a videō.”Make sure that the following pronoun-phrases make sense to you: * = Genitive Pl.6a. Neuters: ...quae omnia / Illa omnia /Haec omnia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cognoscō.

Illa ipsa / Haec ipsa / ...quae ipsa . . . “ .Illa quōrum* dīcis / Haec quōrum dīcis / Omnia quōrum* dīcis . . . “ .

6b. Masculines: ...quōs omnēs / Illōs omnēs / Hōs omnēs . . . “ .Illōs ipsōs / Hōs ipsōs / ...quōs ipsōs . . . “ .Illōs quōrum* dīcis / Hōs quōrum dīcis / Omnēs quōrum dīcis . . “ .

6c. Feminines: ...quās omnēs / Illās omnēs / Hās omnēs . . . “ .Illās ipsās / Hās ipsās / Quās ipsās . . . “ .Illās quārum* dīcis / Hās quārum* dīcis / Omnēs quārum* dīcis . . . “ .

------------------------

How many and which mountains do you see? Eleven Appenines? They have great sides and their highest parts touch [to] the very heavens. When the clouds make the rains, they scarcely lift themselves up, and then long rivers run down to the mountains’ wide bases. From there, they flow through the lands to the seas.

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Chapter 12

1a. “Quibus crēditis?”1b. (Hīs/Illīs/Eīs/Ipsīs) [Dat. Pl. Group] . . . . . . . . . . crēdimus.1c (Hīs/Illīs/Eīs/Ipsīs) [Dat.Pl. Group][Dat.Pl. Adj.] crēdimus.1d. Nōs [Dat. Pl. Group] crēdimus, sed vōs [Dat. pl. Group].2a. Tango digitum meum...[Dat.(Pl)], et [Dat.(Pl)], (etc).2b. “Deus iungit [Acc.(Pl)] [Dat.(Pl)]. * Fill in the formula

Oculī / ōs / with the pairs below ōs / caput in their proper cases caput / collum Then check collum / pectus your answers

16

New Words List gens,-tis dens,-ntis tībia,-aeoculus,-ī ōs, ōris tālus,-ī caput,-itisdigitus,-ī collum,-ī pectus,-ōris viscera,-ōrum femur,-ōris brācchium,-iīGroups:Plēbēs Patriciī Senātōrēs Rōmānī Graecī Poenī

Aliquī,-quae,-qua omnēs,-iapaucī,-ae,-a aliī,-ae,-a(n)ullī,-ae,-a solī,-ae,-aneutrī,-ae,a alterī,-ae,-a

Numbers: ūnus duō trēs quattuor quīnque sex septem octō novem decem.ūn-, duo-, tre-, quattuor-, quīn-, sē-, septendecim. duodē-, ūndē-, vigintī.tri-, quadrā-,quinquā-, sexā-, septuā-, octō-, nōnāginta. Centum, ducentī, trecentī.Quadr-, qu-, sescentī, sept-, octingentī, nongentī, mille.

Ans

wer

s: O

culō

s / ō

rī

ōs

/ ca

pitī

ca

put /

col

lō c

ollu

m /

pect

ōrī

p

ectu

s / v

isce

rīs

visc

era/

fem

ōrib

us

fem

ōra

/ tib

iīs

tib

iās

/ tāl

īs

ta

lōs /

ped

ibus

.

New Words List nauta,-ae dux,-cisagricōla,-ae nāvis,-isequus,-ī rēs,-eī diēs,-eī spēs,-eīdūcō,-ere incipiō,-ere(per)territus-a,-um clarus,-a,-umobscūrus,-a,-um fidēlisīrātus,-a,-um laetus,-a,-um(in)certus,-a,-um viridis,-ecaeruleus,-a,-um croceus,-a,-um ruber,-bra,-rum candidus,-a,-um Abl. Prepositions Sub In Dē SinePro A(b) Cum Ex

pectus / viscera viscera / femōra femōra / tibiae

tibiae / tālī tālī / pedēs

3a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [Dat. Pl. Group] . . . . . . . . . . crēdere necesse est. 3b. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [Dat. Pl. Group] nōbīs/vōbīs crēdere necesse est. 3c. Aliquibus/Omnibus [Dat. Pl. Group] nōbīs/vōbīs crēdere necesse est. 4a. “(N-)Ullīs/(Ne-)Utrīs/Alterīs/Aliquibus/Omnibus crēdis?” 4b. “Nullīs/Aliquibus/Aliīs/Neutrīs(que)/Alterīs/Sōlibus/Omnibus crēdō.Make sure that the following pronoun-phrases make sense to you: * = Nominative5a. Feminines: ...quibus omnibus / Illīs omnibus / Hīs omnibus . . . crēdō.

Illīs ipsīs / Hīs ipsīs / ...quibus ipsīs / . . . “ .Illīs quae*[Pl. verb] / Hīs quae*[Pl. verb] / Omnibus quae*[Pl. verb]. . . “ .

5b. Masculines: ...quibus omnibus / Illīs omnibus / Hīs omnibus . . . “ .Illīs ipsīs / Hīs ipsīs / ...quibus ipsīs . . . “ .Illīs quī*[Pl. verb] / Hīs quī* [Pl. verb] / Omnibus quī* [Pl. verb]. . . . “ .

5c. Neuters: ...quibus omnibus / Illīs omnibus / Hīs omnibus . . . “ .Illīs ipsīs / Hīs ipsīs / ...quibus ipsīs . . . “ .Illīs quae*[Pl. verb] / Hīs quae*[Pl. verb] / Omnibus quae*[Pl. verb] . . . “ .

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In all this world, the slaves are for the plebians, the plebians for the Patricians, the Patricians for the Senators, and the Senators for all us Romans. We Romans then make laws for all the others. Some [of] our laws are not pleasing to all those nations, but the laws are firstly for our enemies, not for good men. Also, our famous men are able to change the laws, and so to favor those same good [ones] to whom our laws aren’t pleasing.

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Chapter 13

1a. Quibus rēbus laetus/-a es?1b. Laetus,-a sum [Abl. pl. noun] . . . .1c. Laetus,-a sum [Abl. pl. noun] [Abl. pl. adj.].1d. Laetus,-a es hīs [Abl. pl. noun]? 1e. No, no laetus,-a sum eīs.1f. Laetus,-a es illīs [Abl. pl. noun]? 1g. Ita, ita! Ipsīs rebūs laetus,-a sum.2a. Fac illud [Abl Prep.] nōbīs!2b. Fac illud [Abl Prep.] nōbīs ipsīs!2b. Fac illud [Abl Prep.] nōbīsmetipsīs!

17

New Words List vīta,-ae virtūs,-ūtis pictura,-ae tempus,-ōris vitium,-iīmē paenitet cessō,-āre 1st & 2nd debeō,-ēre (dē)pingō,-ere 3rd&4th vīvō,-ere

Ablative Absolutes:3a. [Abl. noun] [Abl. Adj.], bene facimus.3b. [Abl.noun] [Abl. noun], bene facimus. * An Abl. Abs. with 2 nouns is saying that one thing “IS” another (e.g. “With the boys [being / as] farmers, we do well”).Time within Which:4. [Number] minutīs/hōrīs/diēbus, nūbēs obscūrae adveniunt et pluviae incipiunt!Place Constructions:5a. “In quibus locīs estis? Ab quibus locīs incipitis? Ad quōs locōs advenītis? “ 5b. “In terrīs sumus. Ab terrīs incipimus. Ad terrās advenīmus.” 5c. “Athēnīs sumus. Athēnīs incipimus. Athēnās advenīmus.”Make sure that the following pronoun-phrases make sense to you: * = Nominative6a. Feminines: ...quibuscum omnibus / Cum illīs omnibus / Cum hīs omnibus . . . saltās.

Cum illīs ipsīs / Cum hīs ipsīs / ...quibuscum ipsīs / . . . “ .Cum illīs quae*[Pl.verb]/Cum hīs quae*[Pl.verb]/Cum omnibus quae*[Pl.verb] “.

6b. Masculines: ...pro quibus omnibus / Pro illīs omnibus / Pro hīs omnibus . . . “.Pro illīs ipsīs / Pro hīs ipsīs / . . . pro quibus ipsīs . . . “ .Pro illīs quī*[Pl.verb] / Pro hīs quī* [Pl. verb] / Pro omnibus quī* [Pl. verb] “ .

6c. Neuters: ...in quibus omnibus / In illīs omnibus / In hīs omnibus . . . “ .In illīs ipsīs / In hīs ipsīs / ... in quibus ipsīs . . . “ .In illīs quae*[Pl.verb] / In hīs quae*[Pl.verb] / In omnibus quae*[Pl. verb] “ .

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Do it for* your [pl.] homes! Do it for your families, and for your tribes! Do it with strong hands and with fast feet. Do it without price, and without end. From these first shores [of] theirs to their last mountains, by their roads and by their rivers, through all their lands, bring the laws of Rome upon this nation! * “For” = Pro + abl.

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Chapter 14

1a. Quid faciēs? . . . Ubi dormiēmus? . . . Cuī crēdēbunt?1b. Hoc/Illud faciam....Hīc/Illīc dormiētis....Huic/Illī credēbunt.2a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [Fut. verb].2b. Ego/Tu/Is/Ea/Nōs/Vōs/Eī/Eae . . . . . . . . .[Fut. verb].2c. Ego/Tu/Is/Ea/Nōs/Vōs/Eī/Eae [Acc. noun][Fut. verb]3a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..[Fut.].3a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [Noun] . . . . . . . ..[Fut.].3c.[Form of aliquis/omnis/paucī] [Noun] . . . . . . . . . [Fut.].3d.[Form of aliquis/omnis/paucī] [Noun][Acc.Noun] [Fut.].4a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .[Fut. verb].4a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [Noun] . . . . . . . . . . [Fut. verb].4c.[Naughty 9] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [Noun] . . . . . . . . . . [Fut. verb].4d.[Naughty 9] [Form of meus/tuus/suus/noster/vester] [Noun] . . . . . . . . . . [Fut. verb].4e.[Naughty 9] [Form of meus/tuus/suus/noster/vester] [Noun] [Acc. Noun][Fut. verb].

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New Words List plēnus plērusqueproximus stuluscibus,-ī perīculum,-īlabōrō,-āre pugnō,-ārecompleō,-ēre 1st&2ndConj.(BA)defendō,-ere pendō,-eredormiō,-īre 3rd & 4th (“ĒBA”)Time Intervalshōra,-ae diēs, dieīmensis,-is annus,-īmōmentum,-ī dimidius,-a,-um

5a. [Fut. of esse]5b. [fut. of esse][Adj.]5c. [Noun][fut. of esse][Adj.]5d. [Abl.][Abl.]*[Noun][fut. of esse][Adj.]

* Abl. Abs, see Ch. 13, #2a-2b.6. “Quando [Fut. verb]?” . . . “Quando [Infinitive] poterō.”7. Pick a subject (I/You/Claudia etc.), and change the verbs

below into future tense verbs. Each example has one verb from the first two conjugations (-BI- rule), and one verb from the last two conjugations (-A/E- rule).

a. (vīvere) et in fine (cessāre). b. librum (aperīre) et (spectāre).c. pecuniam (dāre) et (emere).d. pecuniam (numerāre) et (ponere).e. Mihi (audīre) et (crēdēre).f. aliquid (quaerere) et (obtinēre).g. Malum (cingere) et (pulsāre).h. (Ad(ven)īre) et (adesse). * (No -BI- form).i. Illud (monstrāre) et de illō (dicere).j. Hostem (adcurrere) et (pulsare).k. Obiectum (tangere) et (movēre).l. Cibum (comedere) et (mūtāre).m. (stāre) et (cadere).n. In aliquam (pensāre) et (dēpingere).o. Chartam (scribere) et eī (respondere).p. Multa (habēre) et (vendere).q. (debēre) et (facere)r. Signum (vidēre) et (cognōscere).s. Verba (legere) et (narrāre).t. Alicui (favēre) et ipsum (petere).u. Alicui (placere) et ipsum (ducere).v. Paucē (constāre) sed pretium totum (tollere).w. Caesarī (favēre) et velle.x. Silentium (agere), et tunc (cantāre).y. (Saltāre) et (sē vertere*). *to turn oneself.

Do the above again, this time using 1st person singular (ego).8. Ego/Tu/Is/Ea/Nōs/Vōs/Eī/Eae [Fut. verb] et [Fut. verb] et... See how many you can do without stopping.9a. . . . . . . . . . . . . [Infinitive] [Form of dēbeō].9b. . . . . . . .[Acc.] [Infinitive] [Form of dēbeō].9c. [Nom.] [Acc.] [Infinitive] [Form of dēbeō].

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What will we do? If they cease to bring those objects which have our price, what will we buy? And with prices higher, how will we be able to live? It will be

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All Verbs List1st & 2nd Conjugations cessō,-āre constō,-āre dō,dāre monstrō,-āremūtō,-āre narrō,-āre numerō,āre pensō,-āre pulsō,-āre spectō,-āre (con)stō,-āre

All Verbs List (continued)debeō,-ēre faveō,-ēre habeō,-ēre moveō,-ēre obtineō,-ēre placeō,-ēre respondeō,-ēre videō,-ēre 3rd & 4th Conjugationsagō,-ere cadō,-ere gerō,-ere claudō,-ere cognōscō,-ere crēdō, -ere currō,-ere dīcō,-ere (dē)pingō,-ere dūcō,-ere (com)edō emō,-ere legō,-ere petō,-ere pōnō,-ere quaerō,-ere scrībō,-ere tangō,-ere tollō,-ere vendō,-ere vertō,-ere vīvō,-ere

capiō,-ere faciō,-ere incipiō,-ere

(ad)veniō,-īre aperiō,-īre audiō,-īre

Irregulars(ab/ad/pot)sum, esse (ab/ad/ex/red)eō,-īre*like a 1st/2nd ferō,ferre mālō, malle volō, velle nollō, nolle

necessary for us to go further, if we want to obtain those objects which will cost less. And who will want to run from here to Rome, every day?

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Chapter 15

1. Quid faciēbās?...Cur pugnābās?...Quem defendēbās?2. [Noun] diū [form of eram] [Adj.].3. Ego/Tu/Is/Ea/Id/Nōs/Vōs/Eī/Eae [Impf. verb].4a. [Noun] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [GST Impf.]*Ch.54b. [Noun] . . . . . . . . . .[Acc. noun] . . . . . .[GST Impf.]4c. [Noun] . . . . . . . . . . [Acc. noun] [Adv.] [GST Impf.]4d. [Noun] [Dat. noun] [Acc. noun] [Adv.] [GST Impf.] 5. [Noun] Hesternō diē [Impf.], Hodiernō diē [Pres.], & Crastinō diē [Fut.].6. [Abl.][Abl.]* [Impf.] * The ablative absolute is contemporaneous with the verb:

“While ___ was _____ing (AA Impf.), ___ was _____ing (Main verb Impf.)7a. Si [Pres.], tunc [Fut.]. * There may be two different subjects here.7b. Si [Impf.], tunc [Fut.].7c. Ego [Pres.] quod [Impf.].7d. Ego [Fut.] quod [Pres.].8a. Quamdiū [Impf. verb]? . . . Tamdiū [verb].8a. Quamdiū [Impf. verb]? . . . [Acc. Time interval*][Impf. verb]. *e.g.“septem hōrās”9a. “Quamdiū labōrābō?” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .”Diūtius laborābis.”9b. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .“Quō diutius labōrābō?” *Quō=Than what?9c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . “Annīs [Number] diutius labōrābis.” 9d. Eheu! (Alas!) 10. [Acc. Time interval] [verb]. Demum [form of cessāre].------------------------

Chapter 16

1a. [Passive] 2a. [Passive]1b. ā(b) [Abl. of Pers.Agent] [Passive] 2b. [Abl. of Means] [Passive]1c. [Noun] ā(b) [Abl.of Pers.Agent] [Passive] 2c. [Noun] [Abl.of Means] [Passive] Reword it: Reword it: 1d. Ā(b) [Abl.of Pers.Agent] [Noun] [Passive]. 2d.[Abl.of Means] [Noun] [Passive].

3. Ā(b) [Abl.of Pers.Agent], [Noun] [Abl. of Means] [Passive].4. Ā(b) mē/tē/eō/eā/vōbīs/nōbīs/eīs [Noun] [Passive].5a. Ā quō/quā dicuntur haec verba? 6a. Ā quibus ferēbātur auxilium?5b. Āb hōc/hāc? 6b. Āb hīs?5c. Nōn, ab illō/illā! 6c. Nōn, ab illīs!5d. Ab eō/eā? 6d. Nōnne ab eīs?

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New Words List līberō,-āre culpō,-ārecareō,-ēre transdūcō,-ereinveniō,-īresenex,-nis senioriuvenis,-is iunior.

5e. Ita, ab ipsō/ipsā. 6e. Ita, ab ipsīs. 7. Dīcitur/Vidētur/Monstrātur [Dat.] quod . . .”

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Ablative of Means: - Things used as tools Ablative of Personal Agent: - People/Doerspennā,-īs stilō,-īs signō,-īs ā puellā ā puerō ā priōre,-ibustabulā,-īs librō,-īs verbō,īs ā muliere ā virō ā posteriōre,-ībusmensā,-īs pede,-ibus nōmine,-ibus ā mātre ā patre ab ulteriōre,-ibussellā,-īs humō pensō ā sorore ā frātre ab altiōre,-ibuschartā,-īs fonte,-ibus domesticō ab ancillā ā servō ab humiliōre,-ibusfēle,-ibus (merī)diē(bus) gladiō,-īs ab uxōre ā marītō ā praeclariōre,-ibuslineā,-īs passū,-ibus scūtō,-īs ā tribū,-ibus* ā senātōre,-ibus ā fortiōre,-ibusaulā,-īsexercitū,-ibus silentiō ā cohorte,-ibus* ā duce,-ibus ā celeriōre,-ibusdomō,-ibus orbe,-ibus rure ā legiōne,-ibus* ab agricolā,-īs ā celeriōre,-ibusianuā,-īs digitō,-īs tectō,-ibus ā gente,-ibus* ā nautā,-īs ā tardiōre,-ibusfenestrā,-īs palmō,-īs mūrō,-ibus ab equō* ā maiōre,-ibuslātrīnā monte,-ibus cubiculō,-īs ā fīliō/-ā ab hoste,-ibus ā minōre,-ibusviā,-īs sōle,-ibus mōmentō,-īs ab amīcō/-ā ab iuvene/-ibus ā fēliciōre,-ibusaquā,-īs dēnāriō,-īs mare,-ibus ab homine,-ibus ā sene,-ibus ā tristiōre,-ibusvōce,-ibus asse,-ibus latere,-ibus ā plebe ,-ibus ā Patriciō/-ā/-īs ā meliōre,-ibusnocte fine,-ibus obiectō,-īs ā Rōmānō/-ā/-īs ā Graecō/-ā/-īs ā peiōre,-ibushōrā locō,-īs caelō,-īs ā mē/tē/nōbīs/vōbīs ab eō/eā/eō/eīs ā liberāliōre,-ibus longitūdine fundō,-īs flūmine,-ibus ab ipsō/-ā/-ō/-īs ā quō/quā/quō/quibus ā seniore,-ibus altitūdine dente,-ibus pretiō,-īs ab illō/-ā/-ō/-īs ab hōc/hāc/hōc/-īs ab iuniōre,-ibuslatitūdine oculō,-īs pectōre ab unō/-ā ab aliō/-ā/-ō/-īs ab (in)certō/-ā/-īsamplitūdine tālō,-īs femōre,-ibus ab (n)ullō/-ā/-ō/-īs āb alterō/-ā/-ō/-īs a viride/-ibuslēge,-ibus digitō,-īs ōre,-ibus ab aliquō/-ā/-ō/-quibus ā solō/-ā/-ō/-īs ā caruleō/-ā/-īstribū,-ibus* capite,-ibus collō,-īs ab (ne)utrō/-ā/-ō/-īs ab ingente,-ibus ā croceō/-ā/-īsmanū,-ibus equō* viscerīs ā meō/-ā/-īs ā tuō/-ā/-īs ā rubrō/-ā/-īscohorte,-ibus* cibō,-īs bracchiīs ā nostrō/-ā/-īs ā vestrō/-ā/-īs ā candidō/-ā/-īslegiōne,-ibus* mense tempore,-ibus ā suō/-ā/-īs ā totō/-ā/-īs ā magnō/-ā/-īsterrā,-īs annō,-īs vitiō,-īs ā paucīs, ab omnibus ā pulchrō/-ā/-īsstellā,-īs tibiā,-īs nihilō ā parvīs ā multīs ā fēlīce,-ibusnūbe,-ibus nave,-ibus perīculō,-īs ā praeclārīs ā liberale,-ibus ā triste,-ibusnebulā,-īs rē(bus) spatiō,-īs ā (dis)simile,-ībus ā forte,-ibus ā prīmō/-ā/-īspluviā,-īs spē mure,-ibus ā celere,-ibus ā tardō/-ā/-īs ā mediō/-ā/-īsunciā,-īs picturā,-īs cane,-ibus ā bonō/-ā/-īs ā malō/-ā/-īs ab ultimō/-ā/-īspecūniā,-īs virtūte,-ibus ā summō/-ā/-īs ab altō/-ā/-īs ab humilē,-ibusparte,-ibus vītā,-īs ā proximō/-ā/-īs ā stultō/-ā/-īs ab (in)fidēle,-ibus * Starred Items appear in both charts. ab īrātō/-ā/-īs ā laetō/-ā/-īs ā (per)territō/-ā/-īs

New Words List līber,-ēra,ērum līberī,-ōrum(com)mandō,-āre servō,-āre tradō,-ere

Chapter 17

1a. [positive] [comparative] [superlative]1b. [Irreg. pos.] [Irreg. comp.] [Irreg. superl.]2a. [superlative] 2b. [superlative] [Gen. Pl.noun*] *Gen. of the Whole2c. [superlative] [Gen. Pl.noun] est [Abl.] [comparative]3. “Quamdiū [Fut. verb]?” . . . “[Superlative Adv.]!”4a. [Noun]4b. [Noun] . . . . . . . . . . [PrAP]4c. [Noun] [Acc. Noun][PrAP] * The acc. noun is the object of the PrAP.4d. [Noun] [Acc. Noun][PrAP] . . . . . . . . . . .[verb]4e. [Noun] [Acc. Noun][PrAP] [Acc. Noun] [verb] *The other acc. noun is the 5a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [Acc. noun][verb] object of the the verb.

5b. . . . . . [Acc. comparative] [Acc. noun] [verb]5c. [Abl.] [Acc. comparative] [Acc. noun] [verb]6a. Hic/haec/hoc est [Noun]6a. Hic/haec/hoc est [Noun] . . . . . [Gen. comparative*] * of a person that is _____er.6c. Hic/haec/hoc est [Noun] [Abl.] [Gen. comparative]6d. Hic/haec/hoc est [Noun] [Abl.] [Gen. comparative] [Gen.]7a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [Acc. noun] [GST. verb] *GST verbs Ch.5 7b. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .[Dat. noun][Acc. noun] [GST. verb] 7c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .[Dat. noun][Acc. noun] [GST. verb]7d. . . . . . [Dat. comparative] [Dat. noun] [Acc. noun] [GST. verb]7e. [Abl.] [Dat. comparative] [Dat. noun] [Acc. noun] [GST. verb]8a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .[Noun] [Passive verb]8b. āb [Abl.] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .[Noun] [Passive verb]8c. āb [Abl.] [Abl. comparative] . . . . . . . . . . .[Noun] [Passive verb]8c. āb [Abl.] [Abl. comparative] quam [ Acc. ] [Noun] [Passive verb]8d. āb [Abl.] [Abl.] [Abl. comparative*] . .| . . . [Noun] [Passive verb] / \ | * Note how the first ablative and its compar- |_____________________/ ative adj surround the second ablative.9a. [Abl.] [Abl PrAP]9b. [Abl.] [Abl PrAP], [Acc.][Pres. Verb]9c. [Abl.] [Abl PrAP], [Acc.][Perf. Verb]

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9d. [Abl.] [Abl PrAP], [Acc.][Fut. Verb]10. [Abl.PraP] [Abl PrAP], [Acc.][Fut. Verb]

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Chapter 181a. –ī, -istī, -it, -imus, -istis, -ērunt1b. amāvī, amāvistī, amāvit, amāvimus, amāvistis, amāvērunt. amāveram, amāverās, amāverat, amāverāmus, amāverātis, amāverant. amāverō, amāveris, amāverit, amāverimus, amāveritis, amāverint.2. [1st Principle Part] [2nd Principle Part] [3rd Principle Part] [4th Principle Part]3a. Hodiē [Pres.], herī [Perf.], et diē praecedente [Pluperf.]3b. Hodiē [Pres.], cras [FutPerf.], et tunc [Fut.]4a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ego/tū/is/ea/nōs/vōs/eī/eae [Perf.]4b. Posquam [Pluperf.], ego/tū/is/ea/nōs/vōs/eī/eae [Perf.]5a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ego/tū/is/ea/nōs/vōs/eī/eae [Fut.]5b. Si/Ubi ego/tū/is/ea/nōs/vōs/eī/eae [Fut. perf.], ego/tū/is/ea/nōs/vōs/eī/eae [Fut.]

Then swap the clauses:5c. Ego/Tū/Is/Ea/Nōs/Vōs/Eī/Eae [Fut.], si/ubi ego/tū/is/ea/nōs/vōs/eī/eae [Fut. perf.].6a. [Abl.][Abl.]*, [Number] annī transierint. * Ablative absolute6b. [Abl.][Abl.]*, [Number] annī transierint. * Ablative absolute7a. . . . . . . . . . . . [Perf.] quod . . . . . . . . . . . .iam [Pluperf.].7b. [Nom.] . . . . . [Perf.] quod . . . . . . . . . . . .iam [Pluperf.].7c. [Nom.] [Acc.][Perf.] quod ipsum/ipsam iam [Pluperf.].

___ = irregular ___ = reduplication ___ = lengthened stem vowel ___ = power consonant-āvī, -īvi, and –uī are considered normal

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New Words List 1st Conj.(com)mandō,-āre,-āvī,-ātus culpō,-āre,-āvī,-ātus cessō,-āre,-āvī,-ātus dō,dare,dedī,datus labōrō,-āre,-āvī,-ātus līberō,-āre,-āvī,-ātusmonstrō,-āre,-āvī,-ātus mūtō,-āre,-āvī,-ātus narrō,-āre,-āvī,-ātus numerō,āre,-āvī,-ātus pensō,-āre,-āvī,-ātus pulsō,-āre,-āvī,-ātus pugnō,-āre,-āvī,-ātus spectō,-āre,-āvī,-ātus (con)stō,-āre,-stitī,-stātus

careō,-ēre,-uī,-itus dēbeō,-ēre,-uī,-itus faveō,-ēre,fāvī,fautus habeō,-ēre,-uī,-itus moveō,-ēre,mōvī,mōtus obtineō,-ēre,-uī,-tentus placeō,-ēre,-uī,-itus (com)pleō,-ēre,-plēvī,-plētus respondeō,-ēre,-dī,-susvideō,-ēre,vīdī,vīsus 2nd Conj.

agō,-ere,ēgī,actus cadō,-ere,cecidī,casus gerō,-ere,gessī,gestus claudō,-ere,-sī,clausus crēdō,-ere,crēdidī,crēditus currō,-ere,cucurrī,cursus dēfendō,-ere,-dī,-fensus dēpendō,-ere,-dī,-pensus (dē)pingō,-ere,-pinxī,-pictus dīcō,-ere,dīxī,dictus (trans)dūcō,-ere,-dūxī,-ductus (com)edō,-edere,-ēdī,-esusemō,-ere,ēmī,emptus gerō,-ere,gessī,gestus legō,-ere,lēgī,lectus (cog)nōscō,-ere,-nōvī,-notus petō,-ere,-īvī,-ītus pōnō,-ere,posuī,positus quaerō,-ere,-sīvī,-situs scrībō,-ere,scrīpsī,scrīptus tango,-ere,tetigī,tāctustollō,-ere,sustulī,sublātus vendō,-ere,vendidī,venditus vertō,-ere,vertī,versusvīvō,-ere,vīxī,vīctus 3rd Conj.

capiō,-ere,cēpī,captus faciō,-ere,fēcī,factus incipiō,-ere,-cēpī,-ceptus

aperiō,-īre,-uī,apertus audiō,-īre,-īvī,-itus dormiō,-īre,-īvī,-itus(ad/in)veniō,-īre,-vēnī,-ventus 4th Conj.

(ab/ad)sum,-esse,-fuī,-futurus (ab/ad/ex/red)eō,-īre,-iī,-itus ferō,ferre,tulī,latus mālō, malle, māluī,----- Irregularsvolō, velle,voluī,----- nolō, nolle,noluī,-----

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