drilling theory - aig.org.au theory luke jackson director – business development. deepcore...
TRANSCRIPT
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Drilling Theory
Luke Jackson Director Business DevelopmentDeepcore Drilling
1. Cable tool 2. Auger3. Air Drilling
1. RAB Rotary Air Blast (Air Rotary)2. RC (Reverse Circulation)
4. Mud Rotary5. Diamond6. Other
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Drilling Safety1. Always ask the driller before entering a drill site.2. All visitors to be inducted at the drill rig3. Be aware of:
1. Noise 2. Rotating parts (do not go near the spinning rods)3. High pressure air 4. Water / mud Sumps5. Water and sample discharge (hoses and Cyclones)6. Movement of drill rods from Rod trailer / truck to the mast7. Rod Handler (can move without warning)
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Drilling Theory
Type Depth Cost Sample QualityCable Shallow Very Cheap GoodAuger Shallow Cheap Poor / goodRAB Shallow medium Cheap PoorRC Hundreds of meters Medium GoodMud Rotary Kilometres Medium PoorDiamond Kilometres Expensive Excellent
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Drilling Terms RC Reverse Circulation RAB Rotary Air Blast Diamond Core drilling using drill bits with diamonds Mud a liquid drilling fluid used to suspend rock fragments DTH Down the hole BOP Blow out Preventer (Annular Diverter ) Kelly Rod Top rod (with water swivel attached) Reaming widening the hole Hole Conditioning Ensuring adequate wall cake PCD (PDC) Polycrystalline Diamond (Compact)
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Cable Drilling4000 years old used in China to drill to over 1000mAlso called:
Pounders, percussion, walking bean rigs, Banka drill, grab or clam shell drilling
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Auger Drilling
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Air Drilling Began in the 1860s (popular in the 40s and 50s) Standard / Conventional Reverse Circulation
Dual Pipe
High Pressure air to lift rock fragments to the surface
Samples can be subject to contamination
Cyclone needed to separate air from the rock chips
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Air DrillingAir Core Shallow drilling Good for sand and unconsolidated material
RAB Rotary Air Blast Generally shallow Drill to refusal Low quality samples
RC (Reserve Circulation) First RC rods made in Kalgoorlie in 1972 RC Hammer developed in 1990 Very high air pressure required for deep holes in hard rock
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Air Drilling - Bits Roller Blade
Soft formations Good for heavy clay Drill to refusal
Hammer (Percussion)
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Hammers Hammer
RC - air goes AROUND the bit and back into the bit with the sample
Conventional hammer - air flows through the bit then up the outside of the drill string
Bit does not lift and strike the rock, force is transferred through either a:
Top Hammer DTH Hammer
Uses compressed air to drive the hammer
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DTH Hammer Hammer
RC - air goes AROUND the bit and back into the bit with the sample
Conventional hammer - air flows through the bit then up the outside of the drill string
Bit does not lift and strike the rock, force is transferred through either a:
Top Hammer DTH Hammer
Uses compressed air to drive the hammer
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Mud Rotary1901 Steam engine used with mud to penetrate and lift cuttingsMud used is normally bentonite or Barite
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Diamond Core Core drilling was invented by the Egyptians 5000 years ago Diamond Drill bit Industrial diamonds set into a soft
metallic matrix Core is cut, broken at the face of the bit and a core
extracted Conventional All rods are removed with the core Wireline Inner tube is used to extract the core
leaving the rods and drill bit in the hole
Core lifter is used to hold the core in place
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Diamond Core Core Barrel
Driven by the outer tube Bit and Reamer
Stationary Inner Tube Core lifter Head assembly and swivel Shut off valve (Stop coring) Ball check valve (Fast decent) Thrust bearing and compression spring Spear Point
Overshot Lifting dogs and swivel
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Drill rod sizesSize Hole (outside)diameter, mm
Core (inside)diameter, mm
AQ 48 27
BQ 60 36.5
NQ 75.7 47.6
HQ 96 63.5
PQ 122.6 85
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Other Drilling Types Sonic
50-150 hertz (cycles per second) Hydro Jet
High pressure Superheated water Dual Rotary Drive
Drill casing and rods Flame Jet
Hydrogen flame at 4000 Degrees C
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Traps for young players Dont drill flat holes with a percussion rig Learn about the drill you are working on, Ask the driller
questions. The drillers know that you dont know how a drill works.
If you have the opportunity work on a rig as an offsider / fieldy When using a cyclone use a good quality rotary splitter High pressure water will restrict the use of down hole tools
(Survey / Navi etc), especially in up holes.
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Kola superdeep borehole Project started in 1962 planned to reach 15,000m (moho) Drilled from 1970 1994 12,262m deep diamond core hole Part of the Space race between USSR and USA Drill bit turned and rods stayed still 180 degrees at depth where the
rocks behaved like plastic
Slide Number 1Drilling TheoryDrilling SafetyDrilling TheoryDrilling TermsCable DrillingAuger DrillingAir DrillingAir DrillingAir Drilling - BitsHammers DTH HammerMud RotaryDiamond CoreDiamond CoreDrill rod sizesOther Drilling TypesTraps for young playersKola superdeep borehole