driving transport towards...

Driving Transport Towards Tomorrow

Nick Blake

Truck Engineering

12 September,

2014 Driving Transport Towards Tomorrow| Truck Engineering 2

Hybrid or Electric

Driving Transport Towards Tomorrow| Truck Engineering 12 September,

2014

Diesel or Gas

12 September,

2014 Driving Transport Towards Tomorrow| Truck Engineering

Dedicated Gas or Dual Fuel

12 September,


Battery technology is not advanced enough yet to drive longer

distances under electric power alone

Only limited range is possible

12 September,


Calculation: consumption: 20 l/100 km /33 l/100 km, efficiency: diesel engine = 40%, electric motor = 80%, energy content: diesel = 11.8 kWh/kg, Li-Ion battery = 0.19 kWh/kg, weight: diesel = 0.845 kg/l, Li-Ion battery = 2 kg/l

Range Diesel

500 km 12-tonne distribution operations

3000 km 40-tonne long-distance operations

100% electric with best of class Li-Ion battery

990 litres 836 kg

100 litres

85kg

2.6 m3

5,200kg

Urban Delivery or Long Distance

12 September,


Vehicle manufacturers and alternative fuels

Vehicle Manufacturers must meet legislative requirements to sell vehicles. Euro 6 & EuroVI

After market conversions still have to do this:

“It is an offence under the Road vehicles (Construction and Use) Regulations

(Regulation 61a(3)) to use a vehicle which has been modified in such a way that it no

longer complies with the air pollutant emissions standards it was designed to meet.

Vehicle manufacturers must have a reference fuel to test their engines therefore unless a fuel

has a recognised standard it cannot be approved

Chicken or Egg?

This is one of the reasons vehicle manufacturers are wary about approving the use of

alternative fuels.

12 September,


Fuel

Diesel EN 590

BioDiesel EN 14214

FAME Not certified for Euro VI in greater quantities than 7%

Methane DIN 51624

BioMethane DIN ????? Limited supply (RTFO,

DME ASTM D 7901 Undergoing trials in Scandinavia

PPO EN ????? Not certified for Euro VI Diesel Engines

12 September,


ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials

DIN German Institute for Standardisation

EN European Standard

Drop in Fuels

Issues with 1st generation produced with feedstocks from food crops

Potential technology pathways include:

Pyrolysis or liquefaction of biomass to bio-oil with hydroprocessing

HVO High blends will meet EN 590 Not readily available

Upgrading alcohols to hydrocarbons

Catalytic conversion of sugars to hydrocarbons

Fermentation of sugars to hydrocarbons

Hydrotreating algal oils

Upgrading of syngas (CO and H2) from gasification

12 September,


Future Development

12 September,


Aerodynamics

Practical?

No range issues

Cost effective

Semi Autonomous Convoys

12 September,


Semi Autonomous Convoys

Realistic?

Safety issues?

Not all routes

Public acceptance

Cost effective

Future Development

12 September,


Electric Trucks – Battery – Electric –

ICE – Fuel Cell

Realistic?

Range – Overhead cable network - but

Can run on Diesel when no overhead cables

Cost prohibitive cable infrastructure needed

Could be used in inner cities with bus or tram

systems?

Future Development

12 September,


Driverless Trucks

Realistic?

Safety issues?

Not all routes

Public acceptance

Cost effective

Future Development

12 September,


Fuel cell

Realistic?

200 mile range

Batteries need replacing at 10,000

hours

Cost prohibitive?

$2,700,000 each

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