drr & school safety
TRANSCRIPT
Disaster Risk Reduction & School
Safety
Bibhuti Bhusan GadanayakState DRR Coordinator
UNICEF, Guwahati, Assam
Risk and Risk ReductionRisk = probability * consequences
In DRR terms (disaster risks): The potential disaster losses, in lives, health status, livelihoods, assets and services, which could occur to a particular community or society over some specified future time period, caused by a natural event or a technical failure.(Disaster) risk = Hazard * Vulnerability / Coping Capacity
Consequently, disaster risk reduction is "the concept and practice of reducing disaster risks through systematic efforts to analyze and manage the causal factors of disasters, including through reduced exposure to hazards, lessened vulnerability of people and property, wise management of land and the environment, and improved preparedness for adverse events".
In short, DRR aims to:• Avoid human losses (dead, injured, homeless)• Prevent economic damage (private assets, public infrastructure)• Secure livelihood (household, community, business)
Recovery, Mitigation and response
Mitigation measures aim at reducing existing and preventing the building-up of new risks;Response measures aim at reducing the impact of disasters through emergency relief (rescue and survival);Recovery measures aims at reducing possible future losses with an adapted recovery approach
A disaster occurs when a natural event coincides with vulnerable human conditions and with insufficient capacities of the affected community to reduce the adverse impacts of the event. Although natural events cannot be fully avoided, there are effective measures to reduce disaster risks.
They aim at: reducing existing risks (reducing vulnerabilities and hazards as well as strengthening coping mechanisms) adapting to changing risk factors (e.g. climate change) preventing a further increase of risks through risk-conscious development (do no harm principle).
Efforts to reduce disaster risks require an integrated approach, which is based on the risk concept, considers the principles of sustainability and aims at creating multi-stakeholder partnerships. For this purpose, good governance is a prerequisite.
Methodological risk concept
A systematic procedure to deal with risks from natural events on an operational level comprises three steps:1.A sound risk assessment (What may happen?)
This includes the analysis of all prevailing hazards and the respective vulnerability as well as the coping mechanisms of the communities concerned.
2.A comprehensive risk evaluation (What risk is acceptable?)This is a socio-political process based on livelihood conditions, values, beliefs and experiences.
3.The integral planning of measures (What has to be done?)This planning gives equal weight to the measures in the risk cycle.
Conceptual framework
There is no such thing as a 'natural' disaster, only natural hazards.
• Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) aims to reduce the damage caused by natural hazards like earthquakes, floods, droughts and cyclones, through an ethic of prevention.
• Disaster risk reduction is the concept and practice of reducing disaster risks through • systematic efforts to analyze and reduce the causal factors of disasters • Reducing exposure to hazards, • lessening vulnerability of people and property, • wise management of land and the environment, and improving preparedness for adverse
events
Definition:• Disaster risk reduction (DRR) is a systematic approach to
identifying, assessing and reducing the risks of disaster. It aims to reduce socio-economic vulnerabilities to disaster as well as dealing with the environmental and other hazards that trigger them.
• It is the responsibility of development and relief agencies alike. • It should be an integral part of the way such organisations do their
work, not an add-on or one-off action. • DRR is very wide-ranging: Its scope is much broader and deeper
than conventional emergency management. There is potential for DRR initiatives in just about every sector of development and humanitarian work.
Aspects of DRR:
Disaster MitigationEarly warningDisaster preparednessRecoverySupport to livelihoods
DRR MechanismThe main mechanisms for DRR are: Avoid hazards: prevention of damage through the avoidance of hazard zones (temporal or permanent) Mitigate risks: Mitigate the effects of events by reducing magnitude and probability of damage (reduction of
hazard and/or vulnerability) Respond to damage: Reduce adverse effects of events through timely and effective response Transfer risks: Distribute risks to a large group of individuals and use means for recoveryThe first two mechanisms are preventive measures, the second two preparedness measures.
The various mechanisms to reduce risks: prevention (avoid hazards and hazardous zones); mitigation (reduce effects of hazard or reduce vulnerability of element at risk); response (respond to damage); recovery (transfer risks for rehabilitation and reconstruction). The reduction of risks depends on the mix of measures. Residual risks have to be carried by the individual. [email protected]
DRR initiatives in India DRR
Legal framework Disaster Management Act 2005 Institutions NDMA & MHAPolicy and Plans National Disaster Management
Policy 2009Resources Budget allocated under the 5 year
Plans & ODA.Integration into development plans
10th Five year plan (2001-2006) explicitly highlighted the needs and plans for risk reduction and mitigation.
Sendai FW for DRR 2015-30 Taking into account the experience gained through the implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-15, and in pursuance of the expected outcome and goal, there is a need for focused action within and across sectors
by States at local, national, regional and global levels in the following four priority areas:
4 Priority areas1. Understanding disaster risk; 2. Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk; 3. Investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience; 4. Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response, and to
“Build Back Better” in recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction.
“Implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction over the next 15 years will require strong commitment and political leadership and will be vital to the achievement of future agreements on sustainable development goals and climate later this year. As the UN Secretary-General said here on the opening day, sustainability starts in Sendai.”
The framework outlines seven global targets to be achieved over the next 15 years: 1. A substantial reduction in global disaster mortality; 2. A substantial reduction in numbers of affected people; 3. A reduction in economic losses in relation to global GDP; 4. substantial reduction in disaster damage to critical infrastructure and disruption of basic
services, including health and education facilities; 5. an increase in the number of countries with national and local disaster risk reduction strategies
by 2020; 6. enhanced international cooperation; and 7. increased access to multi-hazard early warning systems and disaster risk information and
assessments.
Sendai FW outline 7 global targets
Children affected by disasters in India• The fire accident in a private school in Kumbakonam
town in Tamil Nadu on 16th July ‘2004 charred 93 children to death and severely injured another 30.
• 971 students perished and 1,051 were injured in the Bhuj earthquake of 2001.
Major concerns during disaster at School• School being used for relief camp• School being damage• School being used as storage• Loss of teaching learning material including books etc.• Teaching and non-teaching staffs getting involved in relief and
rehabilitation work• Psychological impact• Pushing children out of Schools due to engagement in livelihood etc.• Use of children in conflict e.g LWE• Loss of School days which may miss some of the content in syllabus• Abandonment of school buildings• Environment health hazard, Unhygienic environment
School Safety plan/SDMPThe Objectives of the SDMP is
• To identify the vulnerable places and reduce vulnerability of school children
• To initiate a planning exercise to ensure the safety of the students and the staff during a disaster
• To provide a framework for protecting students, staff and school facilities
• To describe the responsibilities of staff members, for a wide range of emergency and disaster situations that may occur
• To make the school self-sufficient and • To provide shelter to the immediate community.
SDMP• Vital Information of the School; Name of the School, Location, address
• Map of School (Layout Plan)(Building)• Vulnerability & Hazard Assessment: • Assessment of School Building Vulnerability & Preparedness?• School Disaster Management Committee:• Structure of Disaster Management of School:
• School DM Control room• SDMC
• A. Response Teams:• B. Mitigation Teams:
Response Plan:• A. Response Team:
• 1.Warning and Information Coordination dissemination Team: Role Pre-During-After• 2. Evacuation Team:• 3. Search & Rescue Team:• 4. First Aid Team:
• B. Mitigation:• 1. Awareness Generation Team:• 2. Site Security Team:
• Non Structural Measure• Capacity Building and Training: • Once in week or fortnight class on Disaster
• Emergency Contact Numbers:
1. http://www.unisdr.org/who-we-are/what-is-drr2. Gadanayak, BB and Routray, JK (2010), A path to Disaster resilient Communities, Lambert Academic Publishing, Germany3. http://www.sdc-drr.net/what4. http://www.sdc-drr.net/disasters_rise5.Sendai Frame Work for DRR 2015-20306.Political declaration WCDRR
References:
Thank you