drug carrier systems targeted to widely dispersed cells
DESCRIPTION
Drug Carrier Systems Targeted to Widely Dispersed Cells. Prof. Dr. Basavaraj K. Nanjwade M. Pharm., Ph. D Department of Pharmaceutics KLE University College of Pharmacy, BELGAUM-590010, Karnataka, India. Cell No.: 0091-9742431000 E-mail: [email protected]. CONTENT. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Drug Carrier Systems Targeted to Widely
Dispersed Cells
Prof. Dr. Basavaraj K. Nanjwade M. Pharm., Ph. D
Department of PharmaceuticsKLE University College of Pharmacy,BELGAUM-590010, Karnataka, India.
Cell No.: 0091-9742431000E-mail: [email protected]
05 March 2013 1DDSEC, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand.
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CONTENT• Delivery to macrophages.
• Delivery to lymphoid cells of immune network.
• Delivery to lysosomal storage diseases.
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Biological systems and Carrier nanostructures
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Targeted Drug Carrier
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Targeting of drug carriers
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Three levels of targeting1. First order targeting or organ targeting
2. Second order targeting or cellular targeting
3. Third order targeting or subcellular targeting
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First order targeting or Organ targeting
• Drug delivery system releases the drug only in a specific organ it is called as organ targeting.
• Targeted to the liver because its vasculature is normally leaky or fenestrated or “ having loose junctions”.
• In this case drug is not released in other tissues because their vasculature is not leaky.
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Passive targeting
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Second order targeting or Cellular targeting
• Drug delivery system releases the drug to a particular cell within an organ or tissue it is called as second order or cellular targeting.
• An antibody, specifically recognizes and attaches to a specific antigen on a cell surface.
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Antibody Function
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•Antigen–Antibody Complex = An antibody bound to an antigen
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Active and Passive targeting
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Third order targeting or Subcellular targeting
• Drug delivery system can enter specific cells and leave the drug intracellularly, then, it is called a third order or subcellular targeting process.
• The delivery system carries the gene; it enters specific cells and leaves the gene intracellularly and its sophisticated variety of targeting.
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Nanotechnology – based drug delivery Systems
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Delivery to macrophages
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Macrophages
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What is a Macrophage?• Macrophages are white blood cells within
tissues, produced by the division of monocytes.
• Macrophage is the removal of necrotic cellular debris in the lungs.
• Macrophage as secretory cells
• In some cases, pathogens are very resistant to adhesion by the macrophages
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Alveolar macrophage
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Drug Carrier System• Lipidic
• Proteic
• Polymeric
• Technology to provide new sustained drug delivery with better body distribution
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Lipidic Carrier Systems
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Proteic Carrier Systems
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Polymeric Carrier Systems
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(1) Receptor mediated endocytosis (2) Non specific transcellular transport
(3) Paracellular transport (4) M cell mediated transport
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Polymeric Micelle and its dimensions
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Pharmaceutical Micelles
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Polymeric Dendrimers
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Drug Carrier System Technology
• Microspongs• Nanoparticles• Microemulsion and Nanoemulsion• Cyclodextrins• Metal nanoparticles and quantum dots• Immunoconjugates• Virus
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Nanoparticles specific targeting
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(A) protective polymer with targeting ligand/probe copulated; (B) Antibody; (C) Enzyme; (D) Complexation with DNA; (E) protective polymer; (F) ligand.
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Drug Carrier System Technology
• Vesicular carrier system: Liposomes, Transferosomes, Ethosomes, Niosomes, Virosomes, Cubosomes, Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), Nanostructure lipid carriers (NLC)
• Polymers: Dendrimers, Polymeric Micelles, Natural and Synthetic Polymeric Nanoparticles
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Targeting to macrophages
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Delivery to lymphoid cells of Immune
network
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Lymphoid cell • Lymphoid cells lack granules, have a compact
nucleus, and a transparent cytoplasm. • They are involved in producing immunity.
Two main divisions:• Cell mediated immunity (T cell)
• Antibody mediated immunity (B cell)
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Human lymphocyte
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Cell membrane
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B Cells• Responsible for antibody-mediated
immunity• Defends against antigens and pathogens
in body fluids • Attack antigens by producing specific
antibodies• Corresponding antigens in interstitial fluids
bind to B cell receptors• B cell prepares for activation
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T Cells • Provide cell-mediated immunity
• Defends against abnormal cells and pathogens inside cells
• T cells only recognize antigens that are bound to glycoproteins in cell membranes
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Virosomes /Drug Carrier
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Drug Delivery to Tumours
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Immune surveillance
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Delivery to Lysosomal
Storage Diseases
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Lysosomal Storage Diseases
• Lysosomes are the cell's waste disposal system.
• Lysosomes Helps in repair damage to the plasma membrane by serving as a membrane patch, sealing the wound.
• LSDs occur with incidences of less than 1:100,000
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Lysosomal Storage Diseases
• Lysosomes break down unwanted matter via enzymes, highly specialized proteins essential for survival.
• A genetic defect in a protein responsible for maintaining the lysosomal system results in the accumulation within lysosomes of partially degraded molecules, the initial step in the process leading to a lysosomal storage disease.
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Causes for LSD’S1. Defects in the lysosomal function
2. Defects in the hydrolytic enzymes
3. Defects in post translational processing of
lysosomal enzymes.
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Lysosomal targeting of a Cell
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Therapies for Lysosomal Storage Diseases
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Thank youE-mail: [email protected]
Cell No: 00919742431000
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