drug intoxication and withdrawal: signs and symptoms
TRANSCRIPT
Alcohol Intoxication• Recent ingestion of alcohol• Clinically significant maladaptive behavioral or psychological
changes (e.g., inappropriate sexual or aggressive behaviors).• One or more the the following:
– Slurred speech -Impairment in attention or
– Incoordination memory
– Unsteady gait -Stupor or coma
– Nystagmus
Alcohol Withdrawal
• Cessation of (or reduction in) alcohol use that has been heavy and prolonged.
• Two (or more) of the following:– Autonomic hyperactivity (sweating, high pulse rate).– Increased hand tremor -Anxiety– Insomnia -Grand mal seizures– Nausea/vomiting– Psychomotor agitation– Transient visual, tactile, or auditory hallucinations or
illusions
Sedative/Hypnotic/Anxiolytic Intoxication
• Clinically significant maladaptive behavioral or psychological changes (e.g., mood lability, inappropriate sexual or aggressive behavior).
• One or more of the following signs:– Slurred speech -Incoordination– Unsteady gait -Nystagmus– Impairment in attention or memory– Stupor or coma
• Symptoms not due to GMC or other mental disorder
Sedative/Hypnotic/Anxiolytic Withdrawal
• Two or more of the following:– Autonomic hyperactivity (e.g. sweating or PR
>100)– Increased hand tremor -Anxiety– Insomnia -Nausea or vomiting– Psychomotor agitation -Grand mal seizures– Transient visual, tactile, or auditory
hallucinations or illusions
Amphetamine Intoxication
• Recent use of amphetamine• Clinically significant maladaptive behavioral or
psychological changes (e.g., euphoria, hypervigilance).
• 2 or more of the following:– Tachycardia or bradycardia - Pupillary dilation
– Perspiration or chills - Nausea or vomiting
– Evidence of weight loss -Elevated or lowered blood pressure
Amphetamine Intoxication (Cont’d)
– Psychomotor agitation or retardation– Muscular weakness, respiratory depression,
chest pain, or cardiac arrhythmias– Confusion , seizures, dyskinesias, dystonias,
or coma– Not due to GMC or another mental disorder
Amphetamine Withdrawal• Cessation of heavy amphetamine use• Dysphoric mood, and two or more of the following:
– Fatigue– Vivid, unpleasant dreams– Insomnia or hypersomnia – Increased appetite– Psychomotor retardation or agitation
• Symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning
• Not due to GMC or other mental disorder
Cocaine Intoxication
• Clinically sig. maladaptive behavioral or psychological changes (e.g., euphoria, tension, etc.).
• Two or more of the following:
– Tachycardia or bradycardia -Nausea or vomiting– Pupillary dilation -Perspiration or chills– Elevated or lowered blood pressure– Evidence of weight loss
Cocaine Intoxication (Cont’d)
– Psychomotor agitation or retardation
– Muscular weakness, respiratory depression, chest pain, or cardiac arrhythmias
– Confusion, seizures, dyskinesias, dystonias, or coma
– Not due to GMC or other mental disorder
Cocaine Withdrawal• Dysphoric mood and two or more of the following:
– Fatigue– Vivid unpleasant dreams– Insomnia or hypersomnia– Increased appetite– Psychomotor retardation or agitation
• Symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning
• Symptoms not due to GMC or other mental disorder.
Caffeine Intoxication
• Recent consumption of caffeine• Five of the following signs:
– Restlessness -Nervousness
– Excitement -Insomnia
– Flushed face -Diuresis
– Gastrointestinal disturbance -Muscle twitching
– Rambling flow of thought or speech
– Tachycardia or cardiac arrhythmia
– Periods of inexhaustibility
– Psychomotor agitation
Caffeine Intoxication (Cont’d)
• Symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
• Symptoms are not the result of a GMC or other mental disorder.
Nicotine Withdrawal• Daily use of nicotine for at least several weeks
• Abrupt cessation of nicotine use followed within 24 hours by four or more of the following:– Dysphoric or depressed mood -Insomnia– Irritability, frustration, or anger -Anxiety– Difficulty concentrating -Restlessness– Decreased heart rate– Increased appetite or weight gain
• Symptoms cause significant distress in functioning
• Symptoms not due to GMC or other mental disorder
Opioid Intoxication
• Clinically significant maladaptive behavioral or psychological changes (e.g., dysphoria, impaired judgment, euphoria followed by apathy).
• Pupillary constriction (or dilation due to anoxia from severe overdose) and at least one of the following:– Drowsiness or coma -Slurred speech– Impairment in attention or memory
• Symptoms not due to GMC or other mental disorder
Opioid Withdrawal• Three (or more) of the following:
– Dysphoric mood -Nausea or vomiting– Muscle aches -Lacrimation or
rhinorrhea– Diarrhea -Yawning– Fever -Insomnia– Pupillary dilation, piloerection, or sweating
• Symptoms cause significant distress or impairment in functioning
• Symptoms not due to GMC or other mental disorder
Cannabis Intoxication• Recent use
• Clinically significant maladaptive behavioral or psychomotor changes (e.g., euphoria, anxiety).
• Two or more of the following signs:– Conjunctival injection– Increased appetite– Dry mouth– Tachycardia
• Symptoms not due to GMC or other mental disorder
Hallucinogen Intoxication
• Clinically significant maladaptive behavior or psychomotor changes (e.g., paranoid ideation, fear of losing one’s mind).
• Perceptual changes occurring in a state of full wakefulness and alertness (e.g., depersonalization, illusions, etc.).
• Two or more of the following:– Pupillary dilation -Blurring of vision– Tachycardia -Tremors– Sweating -Incoordination– palpitations
Hallucinogen Flashbacks
• Re-experiencing one or more perceptual symptoms that were first experienced while intoxicated by a hallucinogen (e.g., flashes of color, positive after-images).
• Symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment
• Symptoms are not due to a GMC or other mental disorder
Inhalant Intoxication• Clinically significant maladaptive behavioral or
psychological changes (e.g., belligerence, apathy, etc.)
• Two or more of the following signs:– Dizziness -Nystagmus– Incoordination -Slurred speech– Unsteady gait -Lethargy– Depressed reflexes -Psychomotor retardation– Tremors -Generalized muscle weakness– Euphoria -Blurred vision or diplopia– Stupor or coma
Phencyclidine Intoxication - PCP
• Clinically significant maladaptive behavioral changes (e.g., belligerence, impulsiveness, etc.)
• Within an hour, two or more of the following:– Hypertension or tachycardia -Hyperacusis– Ataxia -Dysarthria– Muscle rigidity -Seizures or coma – Numbness or diminished responsiveness to pain– Vertical or horizontal nystagmus
• Symptoms are not due to GMC or other mental disorder