drug study
TRANSCRIPT
D r u g S t u d y
Generic Name: Brand Name: Major Drug Category
Hyoscine Buscopan Anti-spasmodic
Drug Action Uses Side Effects/Adverse
Reactions
Acts as a competitive inhibitor of
post-ganglionic muscarinic
receptor sites of PNS
Acute GI; Biliary and
genitourinary spasm, include
biliary and renal colic,
dysmenorrhea
Tachycardia, urinary retention,
xerostomia, dizziness,
bronchospasm
Significant Drug Interaction Usual Drug Dose Contraindications
TCAD’s, antihistamines,
quinidine, amantadine,
disopyramide, Beta-adrenergic
agents
Adult & children > 6yrs: 10-20mg
3-5 times daily
Myasthenia gravis, megacolon,
hypersensitivity, glaucoma,
tachycardia, mechanical stenosis
of GIT
Nursing Medication Management
1) Assessment 2) Intervention
-Assess for eye pain
-Assess for parkinsonism
-Assess for urinary hesitancy, retention
-Assess for constipation
-Assess mental status
-Monitor I&O ratio (retention commonly causes
decreased urine output)
-Palpate bladder if bladder retention occurs
3) Education 4) Evaluation
-Tell patient to avoid hazardous activities
requiring alertness
-Advise patient to avoid use of alcohol or other
CNS depressants while taking medication
-Decreased secretions
-Absence of motion sickness
DE LA SALLE LIPACOLLEGE OF
NURSING1962 J.P. Laurel National Highway, Lipa City
Tel. (043)756-5555, 756-2491, 756-2391 loc 270
D r u g S t u d y
Generic Name: Brand Name: Major Drug Category
Ceftriaxone Forgram Antibiotic
Drug Action Uses Side Effects/Adverse
Reactions
Inhibits bacterial cell wall
synthesis, rendering cell wall
osmotically unstable, leading to
cell death
Treatment of susceptible
infections including chancroid,
gastroenteritis, lyme disease,
meningitis, syphilis, typhoid
Pain, rash, diarrhea, eosinophilia,
casts in urine, thrombocytosis,
leucopenia
Significant Drug Interaction Usual Drug Dose Contraindications
Aminoglycosides and diuretics,
Nephrotoxic antibiotics such as
furosemide
Adult – 1g-2g/day once daily
according to infection severity
Pedia – 50-100mg/kg/day
Hypersensitivity to
cephalosporins, penicillins,
lidocaine and other local
anesthetic product of amide type.
Nursing Medication Management
1) Assessment 2) Intervention
-Assess patient previous sensitivity to
cephalosporins/penicillins
-Assess patient for signs and symptoms of
infection
-Assess for allergic reaction and anaphylaxis
-Assess renal function before and during therapy
-Obtain C&S before beginning therapy to identify if
correct treatment has been initiated
-Monitor hematologic, electrolyte & hepatic status on
long term therapy
3) Education 4) Evaluation
-Instruct patient to take medication as prescribed
for the length of time ordered
-Teach patient to report sore throat, bruising,
bleeding and joint pain.
-Absence of signs and symptoms of infection
-Observed and experienced improvements in
symptoms of infection
-Negative C&S
-Absence of drug induced adverse effects
DE LA SALLE LIPACOLLEGE OF
NURSING1962 J.P. Laurel National Highway, Lipa City
Tel. (043)756-5555, 756-2491, 756-2391 loc 270
D r u g S t u d y
Generic Name: Brand Name: Major Drug Category
Racecadotril Hidrasec Anti-diarrheals
Drug Action Uses Side Effects/Adverse
Reactions
Inhibitor of enkephalinase this
drug antagonise the effect of
enkephalins which is agonist of a
recaptor(opioid) & maintain the c-
AMP level.
Treatment of acute diarrhea Drowsiness, nausea, vomiting,
constipation, dizziness,
headache
Significant Drug Interaction Usual Drug Dose Contraindications
Racecadotril does not inhibit or
induce cytochrome P-450 in
animal models.
Adult – 100mg
Child, infant – 1.5mg/kg/dose
with 1 initial dose
Renal & hepatic impairment,
fructose intolerance, glucose and
galactose malabsorption
Nursing Medication Management
1) Assessment 2) Intervention
-Consider severe or prolonged diarrhea
-Assess patient’s weight to determine
appropriate dosage
-Assess clients elimination pattern to determine
effectiveness of drug
-Monitor intake and output
-Monitor for possible signs of drug induced adverse
effects
3) Education 4) Evaluation
-Can be taken with or without food
-Maintain feeding during diarrhea, severe
vomiting, refusal of food
-Patient state understanding of drug therapy
-Less occurrence of watery stools after proper length
of treatment
DE LA SALLE LIPACOLLEGE OF
NURSING1962 J.P. Laurel National Highway, Lipa City
Tel. (043)756-5555, 756-2491, 756-2391 loc 270
D r u g S t u d y
Generic Name: Brand Name: Major Drug Category
Dextromethorphan/Guaifenesin Mucobron Antitussive
Drug Action Uses Side Effects/Adverse
Reactions
Supresses cough reflex by direct
action on the cough center in the
medulla
Relief of cough due to minor
throat & bronchial irritation as
may occur with the common cold,
bronchitis or inhaled irritants
Nausea, drowsiness, dizziness
Significant Drug Interaction Usual Drug Dose Contraindications
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
(MAOI’s), haloperidol, fluoxetine,
quinidine, amiodarone
Adult: 15ml
Pedia: 5-10 ml
-Should not be taken for
persistent/chronic cough
-When coughing accompanied by
excessive secretions
Nursing Medication Management
1) Assessment 2) Intervention
-Obtain patient history of cough before therapy
and reassess after giving the drug
-Assess cough: type, frequency, character
including sputum
-Monitor for possible adverse reactions:
CNS: drowsiness, dizziness
GI: Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain
3) Education 4) Evaluation
-Instruct patient to follow exactly the direction on
medication
-Advice medical consultation for persistent
cough more than 7 days
-Suggest sugarless lozenges to decrease throat
irritation and cough
Relief of dry, irritating cough
DE LA SALLE LIPACOLLEGE OF
NURSING1962 J.P. Laurel National Highway, Lipa City
Tel. (043)756-5555, 756-2491, 756-2391 loc 270
D r u g S t u d y
Generic Name: Brand Name: Major Drug Category
Mometasone Nasonex Anti-pruritic/Anti-inflammatory
Drug Action Uses Side Effects/Adverse
Reactions
Inhibition of prostaglandin
synthesis and inhibition of
macrophage and leukocyte
migration to site of inflammation
-Prophylaxis and treatment of
symptoms of seasonal and
perennial allergic rhinitis
Paresthesia, pruritus, skin
atrophy, burning, tingling,
folliculitis, acneiform reaction
Significant Drug Interaction Usual Drug Dose Contraindications
-no significant drug interaction Adult and Pedia:
-1-2 sprays each nostril per day
-Untreated localized infection
involving the nasal mucosa.
-Recent nasal surgery/trauma
Nursing Medication Management
1) Assessment 2) Intervention
-Document onset, duration and character of
symptoms
-Attempt to identify triggers
-Assess patients family knowledge on drug
therapy
-Monitor for systemic absorption and fever (increased
temperature)
-Monitor for possible drug induced adverse effects
-Prime pump until fine spray appear
-Store protected from sunlight
3) Education 4) Evaluation
-Instruct patient to use regularly as directed
-Instruct patient to report failure to improve
condition after 3-5 days therapy
-Teach patient to limit treatment to 14 days
-Instruct to monitor for and report drug induced
adverse reactions
-Absence of severe itching, patches on or flaking of
skin
-Relief of allergic rhinitis
-Patient does not develop injury related to drug
induced adverse reactions.
DE LA SALLE LIPACOLLEGE OF
NURSING1962 J.P. Laurel National Highway, Lipa City
Tel. (043)756-5555, 756-2491, 756-2391 loc 270
D r u g S t u d y
Generic Name: Brand Name: Major Drug Category
Isoniazid INH Anti-infectives
Drug Action Uses Side Effects/Adverse
Reactions
Inhibits RNA synthesis,
decreases tubercle bacilli
For pulmonary and extra-
pulmonary TB
Fever, lymphadenopathy,
vasculitis, hypersensitivity,
nausea, vomiting, GI
disturbances
Significant Drug Interaction Usual Drug Dose Contraindications
Phenytoin, carbamezapine,
cycloserine, ethionamide, BCG
vaccine
Administer before taking antacids
Adult – 300mg OD
Pedia – 5-10ml OD
Should not be given to patients
with drug induced liver disease
Nursing Medication Management
1) Assessment 2) Intervention
-Assess lab exams & sputum, CXR before
treatment
-Assess CNS often: affect, mood, behavioral
changes
-Assess hepatic status,: decreased appetite,
jaundice, dark urine, fatigue
-Monitor liver/renal function: ALT, AST, bilirubin,
increased results may indicate hepatitis
-Give with meals to decrease GI symptoms: 1 hour to
2 hours after meals
3) Education 4) Evaluation
-Instruct patient that compliance with dosage
schedule for duration is necessary to gain
-Decreased symptoms of TB
-Culture negative for TB
DE LA SALLE LIPACOLLEGE OF
NURSING1962 J.P. Laurel National Highway, Lipa City
Tel. (043)756-5555, 756-2491, 756-2391 loc 270
benefits
-Tell patient to report peripheral neuritis:
weakness, tingling/numbness of feet.
D r u g S t u d y
Generic Name: Brand Name: Major Drug Category
Ampicillin Excillin Anti-infectives
Drug Action Uses Side Effects/Adverse
Reactions
Interferes w/ cell wall synthesis of
susceptible organisms,
preventing bacterial multiplication
Treatment of respiratory tract and
soft tissue infections, bacterial
meningitides, septicemia and
gonococcal infections
Thrombophlebitis at injection site,
dizziness, fatigue, insomnia,
reverse hyperactivity,
neurotoxicity
Significant Drug Interaction Usual Drug Dose Contraindications
Probenecid interferes/impairs
drug excretion
Allopurinol increases risk for skin
rashes
Adult – 1-2g/day
Pedia – 50-200mg/kg/day
Hypersensitivity to penicillins,
cephalosporins or imipenen
Nursing Medication Management
1) Assessment 2) Intervention
-Obtain patient history of infection before and
during therapy to assess response.
-Assess patient for signs and symptoms of
infection, fever, characteristics of wounds,
sputum, urine, stool, earache and WBC count
-Monitor renal function: urine output, urinalysis, protein
and blood, BUN, creatinine
-Monitor blood studies: AST, ALT, CBC, Hct, bilirubin,
LDH, alkaline phosphatase
-Given by direct IV over 3-5mins in lower dosages
3) Education 4) Evaluation
-Instruct patient to take all medications
prescribed for the length of time ordered
-Control of infection manifested by absence of
signs/symptoms of infection
DE LA SALLE LIPACOLLEGE OF
NURSING1962 J.P. Laurel National Highway, Lipa City
Tel. (043)756-5555, 756-2491, 756-2391 loc 270
-Instruct patient to monitor adverse reaction:
sore throat, bruising, bleeding, joint pain
-Instruct patient if diarrhea with blood occurs
-Reported improvement in symptoms of infection
-Patient and family state understanding of drug
therapy
D r u g S t u d y
Generic Name: Brand Name: Major Drug Category
Cefuroxime Zegen Anti-infectives
Drug Action Uses Side Effects/Adverse
Reactions
Binds to bacterial cell wall
membrane which causes death
Treatment of bone and joint
infections, bronchitis and other
LRTIs, gonorrhea, meningitis,
pharyngitis, UTI
Thrombophlebitis, pruritus,
urticarial, diarrhea, nausea,
pseudomembrane colitis
Significant Drug Interaction Usual Drug Dose Contraindications
Other antibiotics, probenecid,
water pills
Adult – 750mg-1.5g
Pedia – 500mg-750mg
Hypersensitivity to
cephalosporins and penicillins
Nursing Medication Management
1) Assessment 2) Intervention
-Assess patient history of allergies particularly
cephalosporins and penicillins
-Assess mouth for white patches in mucous
membranes and tongue
-Monitor bowel activity and stool consistency carefully
-Monitor I&O and renal function reports for
nephrotoxicity
-Monitor for drug adverse effects: pruritus, abdominal
pain, mouth sores
3) Education 4) Evaluation
-Instruct client that doses should be evenly
spaced
-Instruct client to continue medication therapy for
full length of treatment
-Reported improvements in symptoms of infection
-Control of infection manifested by absence or less
occurrence of signs and symptoms of infection
DE LA SALLE LIPACOLLEGE OF
NURSING1962 J.P. Laurel National Highway, Lipa City
Tel. (043)756-5555, 756-2491, 756-2391 loc 270
-Inform patient that the drug may cause GI
upset. (may take with food or milk)
D r u g S t u d y
Generic Name: Brand Name: Major Drug Category
Budesonide & Formoterol Symbicort Turbuhaler Anti-asthma
Drug Action Uses Side Effects/Adverse
Reactions
Dose-dependent anti-
inflammatory action in the
airways; rapid & long-lasting
relaxation of bronchial smooth
muscles
Treatment of asthma in
combination with a corticosteroid,
treatment of moderate and
severe COPD
Headache, palpitations, tremor
candida infections, mild throat
irritation, coughing hoarseness
Significant Drug Interaction Usual Drug Dose Contraindications
Ketoconazole, Acarbose,
aceclofenac, aclofenac, BCG
Adult and >12yrs – 2 inhalations
320/9mcg
Pedia: 1-2 inhalations 80/4.5mcg
Hypersensitivity to inhaled
lactose
Nursing Medication Management
1) Assessment 2) Intervention
-Assess respiratory function: breathing patterns
and cough sputum
-Assess ability to use the inhaler device and
reassess technique at regular appointments
-Monitor for evidence of allergic reactionsand
paradoxical bronchospasms
-Monitor for adverse reactions at beginning of therapy
and periodically with long term use.
3) Education 4) Evaluation
-Instruct the patient to use the inhaler at regular
intervals
-Relief of dyspnea and wheezing
DE LA SALLE LIPACOLLEGE OF
NURSING1962 J.P. Laurel National Highway, Lipa City
Tel. (043)756-5555, 756-2491, 756-2391 loc 270
-Ensure patients know never to use the
medication to treat acute attack
-Improved airway exchange
D r u g S t u d y
Generic Name: Brand Name: Major Drug Category
Hydrocortisone Solu-cortef Corticosteroids
Drug Action Uses Side Effects/Adverse
Reactions
Glucocoorticoid with anti-
inflammatory effect because of
its ability to inhibit prostaglandins
synthesis
Treatment of primary and
secondary adrenal cortex
insufficiency, allergic states,
allergic and inflammatory
ophthalmic processes
Depression, flushing, sweating,
headache, mood changes,
hypertension, thrombophlebitis,
embolism, tachycardia
Significant Drug Interaction Usual Drug Dose Contraindications
May decrease effects of the
anticholinesterase in treatment of
myasthenia gravis
-Alkaline antiseptics
Adult – 100-250mg
Pedia – 0.186-1mg/kg 2x-3x/day
Systemic fungal infections, IM
use in idiopathic
thrombocytopenic purpura and
administration of live vaccines in
patient receiving
immunosuppressive
corticosteroid doses
Nursing Medication Management
1) Assessment 2) Intervention
-Assess patient’s condition before starting
therapy and reassess regularly
-Assess mental status and affect, mood,
behavioral changes, aggression
-Assess for signs of infection
-Monitor patients weight, BP, glucose and electrolyte
levels
-Monitor for possible drug induced adverse effects
-Monitor I&O ratio, urine output and increasing edema
DE LA SALLE LIPACOLLEGE OF
NURSING1962 J.P. Laurel National Highway, Lipa City
Tel. (043)756-5555, 756-2491, 756-2391 loc 270
3) Education 4) Evaluation
-teach patient all aspects of drug usage, the
danger of stopping abruptly after long term
therapy and signs of early adrenal insufficiency
-Warn patient receiving long term therapy about
cushingoid symptoms (weight gain and swelling)
-Patient’s condition improves
-Serious drug induced complications does not develop
-Patient does not develop serious infection
-Patient and family state understanding of drug
therapy
D r u g S t u d y
Generic Name: Brand Name: Major Drug Category
Cefixime Ultraxime Anti-infectives
Drug Action Uses Side Effects/Adverse
Reactions
Inhibits bacterial cell wall
synthesis, rendering cell wall
osmotically unstable, leading to
cell death
Bronchitis, secondary infections
of the respiratory tract,
pneumonia, otitis media,
sinusitis, bronchiectasis
Shock, granulocytopenia,
anaphylactoid symptoms, lyell’s
syndrome, hematologic disorders
Significant Drug Interaction Usual Drug Dose Contraindications
Co-administration with warfarin
Probenecid, Inhibition of renal
excretion of cefixime
Adult-12yrs&up : 400mgOD
Pedia: 5-10ml OD
Hypersensitivity, history of shock
due to any ingredient to this
product
Nursing Medication Management
1) Assessment 2) Intervention
-Assess patient’s previous sensitivity reaction to
penicillin or other cephalosporins
-Assess patient for signs and symptoms of
infection
-Obtain C&S before beginning therapy to identify if
correct treatment has been initiated
-Monitor hematologic, electrolyte and hepatic status
-Assess for allergic reactions and anaphylaxis
3) Education 4) Evaluation
-Instruct patient to take medication as prescribed
for the length of time ordered even if he feels
-Absence signs and symptoms of infection
-Observed and experienced improvement in
DE LA SALLE LIPACOLLEGE OF
NURSING1962 J.P. Laurel National Highway, Lipa City
Tel. (043)756-5555, 756-2491, 756-2391 loc 270
better
-Teach patient to report sore throat bruising,
bleeding and joint pain
symptoms of infection
-Negative C&S
-Absence of drug induced adverse reaction
D r u g S t u d y
Generic Name: Brand Name: Major Drug Category
Rifampicin Rifamax Anti-infectives
Drug Action Uses Side Effects/Adverse
Reactions
Inhibits DNA-dependent
polymerase, decreases
replication
Maintenance phase treatment of
pulmonary and extra-pulmonary
TB.
GI disturbances, nausea,
vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia,
shortness of breath, shock, GI
bleeding
Significant Drug Interaction Usual Drug Dose Contraindications
Corticosteroids, digitoxin
derivatives, methadone, oral
contraceptives
Adult: 10mg/kg – 600mg max
Pedia: 10/kg
Jaundice associated with
reduced bilirubin excretions. 1st
trimester of pregnancy
Nursing Medication Management
1) Assessment 2) Intervention
-Assess lung sounds and character of sputum
periodically during therapy
-Perform mycobacterial studies and
susceptibility tests prior to and periodically
during therapy to detect possible resistance.
-Assess periodic results of lab tests and CXR on a
regular basis during theraoy
-Monitor patient compliance with the treatment
regimen
3) Education 4) Evaluation
-Do not take any new medication during therapy
without consulting a physician
-Decreased symptoms of TB
DE LA SALLE LIPACOLLEGE OF
NURSING1962 J.P. Laurel National Highway, Lipa City
Tel. (043)756-5555, 756-2491, 756-2391 loc 270
-Take rifampin on an empty stomach, 1 hour
before or 2 hours after meals
-Instruct client to complete the full course of
therapy and not skip doses