drug unit unit 7 in book pg. 436. legal drug abuse p.404 & 407 otc ( nonprescription drugs)-...
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Drug Unit
Unit 7 in Book
Pg. 436
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Legal Drug Abusep.404 & 407
OTC ( Nonprescription Drugs)- Relieve signs and symptoms of illness.No prescription needed. OTC drugs are safe if used correctly. OTC drugs can be overused
Both OTC & prescription drugs are given two names: generic
brand names Both of these have active & inactive ingredients.
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Examples
Pain Relievers- relieves fever, pain and inflammation.
1. Aspirin- can irritate stomach.
2. Tylenol (Acetaminophen)
3. Advil (Ibuprofen)- can irritate stomach.
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Reye’s Syndrome
Caused by the use of aspirin. A rare but often fatal disease. The victims of this disease are often
children under the age of 15.
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Brand vs. Genericp.406
Generic must have same active ingredients as brand name, but has different inactive ingredients.
active- ingredients used to relieve symptoms and cure illness.
inactive- ingredients put in to add flavor or coloring, no medicinal purposes.
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Prescription Drugsp.406
Taking prescription medication safely requires that you understand the diagnosis, know what the medicine is being prescribed for, and follow the instructions.
Follow recommended guidelines for use, storage, disposal, and replacement of medicines.
Require a written medical order.
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Factors that Change Medicines’ Effects
The drug itself Form in which you take the drug
(pill, capsule, liquid, spray,cream) Route in which the drug is taken Did you take it with food Age Weight Use of other drugs
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Ways Drugs are Taken p.405
Orally Most common way Absorbed through stomach and small intestine into
bloodstream Injected
Using needle, immediate results Goes directly under skin into muscle or blood vessel
Intramuscular Injected into muscle
Intravenous Injected into vein
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Inhaled Quick effect, enter blood stream through lungs
Sniffed Snorted- sniffing drugs through nose absorbed through
mucous membranes of nasal passages Can cause damage to nasal passages
Absorbed Enters blood stream through skin or mucous membrane
Implanted Placed under the skin where they are released into the
bloodstream
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Drug Testing & Safety
- Companies must prove that ingredients in medicines are safe and effective before the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) allows them to sell their product.
- Scientists study the risks of each drug compared with the benefits.
- Drugs that carry low risks to health in comparison to their benefits are more desirable in the treatment of disease.
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TermsDrug- any chemical substance that alters any
body system.Drug Use- taking appropriate amounts of a drug
for its intended medical purpose.Drug Misuse- taking a legal drug for their
intended purpose, but not correctly.- Using another persons prescribed medication.
Drug Abuse- taking legal drugs for reasons other than those intended or using controlled substances illegally.
- Intentional use of a drug without medical or health reasons.
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FDA- Food & Drug Administration, federal government agency that monitors the safety and effectiveness of drugs (Supplements do NOT need FDA approval).
Medicine- drugs that help cure, lessen severity, relieve symptoms, to prevent disease.
Placebo- “sugar pill” psychological
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Drug Abuse
Controlled Drug (Substance)- a drug whose possession, manufacture, distribution, and sale are controlled by law.
Risk Factor- something that increases the likelihood of a negative outcome.
Protective Factor- something that increases the likelihood of a positive outcome.
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Dosage
Dose- amount taken at one time.
1. Therapeutic- desired results
2. Toxic- poisonous, causes harm
3. Lethal- results in death
4. Overdose- the act of taking a toxic or
lethal dose.
*Different forms: pill, capsule, liquid, spray, cream, etc.
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Drug Interactions
Antagonistic- reduces/blocks effect
Synergistic- multiplies the effects of the drug- when the combination of the drugs
is greater then the sum of the two drugs taken alone.
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Addictionp. 458
Physical- the body’s chemistry actually changes, the body must actually have
the drug to be able to function on a normal level.
- Physical drug addiction always has a psychological effect and a strong mental craving.
Psychological- can occur without a physical addiction. - People who never learned to cope with emotional pain often
develop psychological addictions to drugs.- Strong desire or craving to continue using a drug for emotional
reasons (a love for the drug)
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Drug Schedules
Refer to Handout
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Drug Classificationsp.436-449
Narcotics Stimulants Depressant/ Sedative Hallucinogens/Psychedelics Marijuana Inhalants Anabolic Steroids
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Marijuana
Amotivational Syndrome
Remains in the body for long periods of time, requires less of it over time to get a high
(THC can remain up to 30 days)
Examples
Hashish (concentrated resin of marijuana)
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
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Narcotics
Reduce pain Slow down central nervous system
Examples Heroin- commonly injected, white color, severe
physical dependence. Oxycontin Morphine- most powerful legal pain reliever Codeine- found in prescription cough med’s
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Inhalants
Can cause mental confusion, severe brain damage, possible liver, kidney, bone marrow damage, death.
Categories Solvents
Aerosol, gasoline, glue, paint thinner Propellants
Nitrous oxide (whippets) Substances intended for medical use
Inhalers
Bagging (chemicals sprayed in a bag) Huffing (soaked rag)
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Hallucinogens / Psychedelics
One time use can negatively change mind forever
Flashbacks- sudden hallucination long after having used a
hallucinogen Examples
PCP (found to cause bizarre behavior, suicides, violent acts) LSD ( can be swallowed, sniffed or placed on the tongue to
dissolve) Psilocybin (mushrooms) Ketamine (date rape drug, a.k.a. Special K) Ectasy (acts like a stimulant, common at rave parties)
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Depressant / Sedative
Slows down the central nervous system Examples
Barbiturates (sudden withdrawal can cause death)
Benzodiazapines Tranquilizers (Valium) GHB (Gamma-Hydroxybutate) a.k.a. Liquid E
Date rape drug
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Stimulants
Speeds up the central nervous system Disguise fatigue Relieve drowsiness Treat hyperactive children
Examples Amphetamines (Speed) Methamphetamines (Crystal meth) Ritalin Caffeine (active drug in OTC diet pills, ephedra banned)
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Anabolic Steroids
Cause sterility and baldness in males Increased aggressiveness Liver damage Permanent masculinization of the
female Premature ossification in teens
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Drug Dependency p.458
Continued use of a drug even though it harms the body, mind, and relationships.
Symptoms:
Withdraw Symptoms: Unpleasant reactions when a person who is
physically dependent no longer takes drug. Includes: chills, fever, muscle twitching,
nausea, cramps, vomiting
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Why do People Abuse Drugs?
** People’s natures affect whether they abuse drugs.
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Why Addictions Occur
A. The Nature of the Person
- physical/genetic nature
- curiosity
-peer pressure
-self-esteem
B. The Nature of the Drug
-Euphoria- a sense of great well-being & pleasure brought on by the drug.
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C. The Consequences from Society- a society or family that tolerates abuse actually encourages it.
**The only sure way to escape drug addiction is to never experiment with drugs!
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Risk Factors that increase a teen’s risk of drug abuse p. 454
- Unable to develop long term goals- Want attention- Friends who use
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Protective Factors that Reduce the Risk of Drug Use
P. 456-457
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Warning Signs of Drug Usep. 455
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Patterns of Use
Experimental
- curiosity
-social events
-often not repeated
Occasional
-social use
-low risk
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Situational/Recreational- certain activities-used for coping-high risk * recreational is a term made up by drug abusers who claim their
drug abuse is not harmful to their health
Intense-high doses over time-habit forming-dependence developing
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Compulsive
- out of control
-dependence
-interferes with family, work, etc.
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Peer Pressure & Resistancep.462
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Drug Use & STD’sp.471& 472
Needles Rape Prostitution Unplanned Pregnancy Abstinence
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Marijuana
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THC
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Amotivational Syndrome
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Narcotics
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Heroin
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Inhalants
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Bagging
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Huffing
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Anabolic Steroids
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GHB
(a.k.a. Liquid E)
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Depressant/ Sedative
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Barbiturates
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Stimulants
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Ritalin
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Caffeine
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Hallucinogens
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Flashback
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LSD (acid)
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PCP
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Ecstasy (MDMA)
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Ketamine
(a.k.a. Special K)
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Euphoria
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