dsp thrissur ch1
TRANSCRIPT
District Spatial Plan - Thrissur PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT
Department of Town & Country Planning, KeralaDepartment of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
Chapter-1PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT
ThrissurDistrict
Fig 1.1 Location of Thrissur
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Thrissur, the cultural capital of Kerala has derived
its name from ‘Thrissivaperur’ meaning the abode of
Lord Shiva. The religious, historical and archeological
cultures are specifically remarkable in the District and
hence the development of tourism gets focused well.
District possess excellent network of transportation
system with its good quality road including National
and State highway. Major industrial sectors are
Handloom, Khadi Handloom, Pottery Tiles, Wood based
units, Rubber based units, Coconut oil extraction, Food
processing units, etc.. Major crops like paddy, tapioca,
rubber, ginger, cashew, tea, coconut, arecanut etc.. are
also grown here.
1.2 LOCATION
Thrissur district is in the central region of Kerala
state lying between 10010’ and 100 46’ north latitude and
750 57’ and 760 54’ east longitude. Thrissur District is
bounded on the north by Malappuram and Palakkad
District, south by Idukki and Ernakulam Districts, east
by Palakkad District and Coimbatore district of
TamilNadu and west by Lakshadweep sea.
Thrissur District slopes down from the Western
Ghats in the east to the Lakshadweep Sea to the west
forming three distinct natural divisions-the highlands,
the plains and the sea board. The Location of Thrissur
District is shown in Fig 1.1.
1.3 ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS
Thrissur district is divided into five taluks which
are Talappilly, Chavakkad, Thrissur, Kodungallur and
Mukundapuram. The spatial distribution of the taluks
is shown in Fig 1.2. The names of the taluks, taluk head
quarters and number of villages in each taluk are given
in Table 1.1.
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PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT District Spatial Plan - Thrissur
Department of Town & Country Planning, KeralaDepartment of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
The District has 17 Panchayat blocks, six munici-
pal councils namely Chalakkudy, Chavakkad,
Kunnamkulam, Irinjalakkuda, Guruvayur and
Kodungallur and one Municipal Corporation (Thrissur
Municipal Corporation). The name of the blocks, block
head quarters and block wise distribution of the popu-
lation is given in Table 1.2. The spatial distribution of
the development blocks are shown in Fig 1.3.
Fig 1.2 Taluks – Thrissur District
Table 1.1: Taluks and Taluk Head Quarters
Name of Taluk Taluk Head Quarters No of Villages
Talappilly Wadakkanchery 70
Chavakkad Chavakkad 19
Thrissur Thrissur 49
Kodungallur Kodungallur 14
Mukundapuram Irinjalakkuda 52
The 17 development blocks are divided in to
92 Grama Panchayats, the list of which is given in
2
Annexe 1. The spatial distribution of which is shown in
Fig 1.4.
District Spatial Plan - Thrissur PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT
Department of Town & Country Planning, KeralaDepartment of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
Thrissur Muncipal Corporation Collectorate, Thrissur
Fig 1.3: Block Panchayats of Thrissur District
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PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT District Spatial Plan - Thrissur
Department of Town & Country Planning, KeralaDepartment of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
Fig 1.4: Grama Panchayats and Municipalities of the District
Table 1.2: Block Panchayats and their Head Quarters
Sl.No Name of BlockPanchayat
Population2001
Block HeadQuarters
Name of the GramaPanchayat where
Block Panchayat HQsituated
1 Chowwannur 136592 Kanipayur Chowannur2 Wadakkanchery 227026 Wadakkanchery Wadakkanchery3 Pazhayannur 171636 Pazhayannur Pazhayannur4 Chavakkad 125364 Chavakkad Chavakkad
Municipal Council5 Thalikulam 131384 Thalikulam Thalikulam6 Mullassery 58269 Mullassery Mullassery7 Puzhakkal 128438 Puranattukkara Puzhakkal8 Ollukkara 120959 Ollukkara Pananchery9 Anthicad 109205 Kizhakkumuri Anthicad10 Cherpu 45937 Palakkal Avinissery11 Mathilakam 145959 Mathilakam Mathilakam12 Kodungalloor 39384 Eriyad Eriyad13 Mala 144525 Kuruvilassery Mala14 Irinjalakuda 124743 Madayikonam Porathissery15 Kodakara 181996 Puthukad Puthukad16 Vellangallur 114151 Vellangallur Vellangallur17 Chalakkudy 129231 Chalakkudy Chalakkudy
Municipal Council
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District Spatial Plan - Thrissur PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT
Department of Town & Country Planning, KeralaDepartment of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
1.4 TOPOGRAPHY AND PHYSICAL FEATURES
Thrissur District can be divided into five well de-
fined Topography regions. The lowest elevation below
MSL (mean sea level) is in the Kole lands towards the
west and the highest elevation of 1430 m are at
Karimalagopuram lying on the boundary between
Palakkad District and Mukundapuram Taluk. Fig 1.5
shows Topographical divisions of the District.
Fig 1.5: Topographic division of the District
TOPOGRAPHICAL DIVISIONS OF THE DISTRICT
(I) LOW LANDS (LL)
The low land region has an elevation of 20m
above MSL. The low land region of the District run par-
allel to the Arabian Sea in the north - south direction in
a narrow strip. This area constitutes marine sediment
modified considerably by intensive cultivation. The
sandwitched between the sea coast and the midland
lays the basin representing the “Kole Lands” .This bot-
tom land which lies below the sea level is submerged
under water for a major part of the year. Paddy is ex-
tensively grown in these lands. The units encountered
in this topographical division are given below.
(II) MIDLANDS (ML)
The elevation ranges from 20m to 100m. The
midlands adjoining the high hills stretches in the north
south direction towards the west of mid up lands. This
constitutes the undulating to rolling lands with inter-
mittent flat topped low laterite hillocks broken by broad
and narrow valley. Buff coloured hard laterite exten-
sively used as building material is amply located in the
flat topped hillocks. The units encountered in the to-
pographic division are below.
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PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT District Spatial Plan - Thrissur
Department of Town & Country Planning, KeralaDepartment of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
(III) MID UP LANDS (MUL)
The elevation 100 to 300m rolling to hilly terrain
with steep side slopes, isolated rocky patches and in-
termittent narrow valleys. Slope ranges from 10 - 40%.
(IV) UP LANDS (UL)
The elevation is 300 to 600m. Hilly terrain with
high hills and very steep side slopes. Land slope ranges
from 25- 50%.
(V) HIGH LANDS (HL)
The elevation is above 600m for high land. Hill
ranges of the Western Ghats (Sahyadri) with escarp-
ments, summits and rocky cliffs. Areas above 100 m el-
evation are mostly under forest and hence put under
high lands. The high Land running on the east and south
eastern parts covering portions of Mukundapuram and
Thrissur Taluks, constitute a chain of hills as the Machad
Hills, the Paravattani Hills, The Palappilly Hill, the
Kodassery Hills, the Athirappilly Hill etc.
1.4.1 PHYSICAL FEATURES
Physical features of the District namely Natural
Sub-Divisions, Climate, Mountains, Rivers & Lakes and
Backwaters etc. of the District is described here under;
A) NATURAL SUB-DIVISIONS:
Thrissur district falls in the Central Kerala Coast.
Physiographically, the district has five divisions includ-
ing Low Lands, Mid Lands, Mid Up Lands, Up Lands, High
Lands. The highland goes to heights of over 1220 meters
above the mean sea level. The highland goes to North
east part of the district. The low land gently slopes up
to the Backwaters. The sea board lies as a narrow stretch
bordering the sea. Besides, other natural assets in the
region are backwaters locally known as ‘Kayals’ lie par-
allel to the sea coast interconnected by canals, moun-
tains, reserve forest and four rivers (Bharathpuzha,
Kecheri puzha, Karuvannur puzha and Chalakkudy river).
B) CLIMATE :
The district has a tropical humid climate with an
oppressive hot season and plentiful and seasonal rain-
fall. The hot season from March to May is followed by
South West Monsoon from June to September. Octo-
ber and November form the post monsoon or retreat-
ing monsoon season. The rains stop by the end of De-
cember and the rest of the period is generally hot. On
an average there are 124 rainy days in a year.
The average daily maximum temperature in
March & April is about 310 C (830 F) in the coastal re-
gions and 360 C (970 F) in the interior.
The air is highly humid throughout the year, the
relative humidity being generally over 70%. Winds are
generally light to moderate and they strengthen in the
monsoon season.
C) MOUNTAINS :
The Western Ghats which separate the district
from Tamil Nadu consist of several ridges and conical
peaks. The Machad Hills in Talappilly taluk, the
Paravattani Hills in Thrissur taluk and Palappilly,
Kodassery and Athirappally Hills in Mukundapuram
taluk are worth mentioning. There are about 30 peaks
in the district with height ranging between 330 metres
and 1439 metres. The highest peak Karimalapopuram
(1439metres) lies at the boundary of Palakkad district
Poomala Hills
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District Spatial Plan - Thrissur PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT
Department of Town & Country Planning, KeralaDepartment of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
and Mukundapuram taluk of Thrissur district.
D) RIVERS:
The main rivers of the District are Bharathapuzha,
Kecheri puzha, Karuvannur puzha and Chalakudy river.
The Bharathapuzha (209km) originates from
Anaimalai Hills. The 5 tributaries of this river are
Gayathripuzha, Kannadipuzha, Kalpathipuzha,
Cheerankuzhy (Gayathririver) and Thuthupuzha. It flows
as northern boundary of Thrissur for about 40km.
The Kechery River otherwise known as
Wadakkanchery river originates from the Machad hills
flowing westwards and joins the backwaters of
Chettuvai. It has a length of 51 km and Vazhani dam is
constructed on this river basin.
The Manali River and Karumali River combines
Peechi Dam
near Arattupuzha and assumes the name Karuvannur
River. This river has a length of 65 km. Peechi Dam con-
structed across Manali River and Chimmoni Dam across
Karumali River help to control floods and to irrigate land.
The water bodies of Thrissur District is shown in Figure
1.6.
The longest river of this district is Chalakkudy
River. It has 4 main tributaries. It joins the Periyar River
about 10 kms east of Kodungallur. The hydro electric
projects at Peringalkuthu and Sholayar are the two main
projects of the river. This river has drainage area of about
1704 sq.km.
E) LAKES & BACKWATERS :
The backwaters locally known as Kayals lie paral-
lel to the sea coast interconnected by canal. Forming
part of a continuous waterway from Vadakkara to
Thiruvananthapuram, the inland navigation systems of
the District provides facilities for all types of country
boats throughout the year. The water of these backwa-
ters is saltish for most part of the year except during
rainy season. There are four fresh water lakes in the
District namely Kattakampal in Talappilly taluk, Muriyad
in Mukundapuram Taluk, Enamakal and Manakkody in
Thrissur Taluk. The chain of lagoons and backwaters on
the western part running parallel to the Arabian Sea
are navigable through out the year.Bharathapuza
Chalakkudy River
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PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT District Spatial Plan - Thrissur
Department of Town & Country Planning, KeralaDepartment of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
Puthenthodu in Thrissur Taluk, Sangumugham
canal in Mukundapuram Taluk, and Canoli canal in
Chavakkad Taluk form the important inland waterways
in the District.
Athirappally is famous for a beautiful 80 feet high
waterfall at the entrance to the Sholayar ranges. This
waterfall joins the Chalakudy River. Vazhachal water-
fall lies east of Chalakudy, near the entrance to the
Sholayar forest ranges. Athirappally and Vazhachal are
the most famous waterfalls of Kerala which attract
plenty of tourists.Athirappally water falls
Chimmoni Dam
1.4.2 LAND UTILIZATION
The land utilization pattern exhibits the charac-
teristics of the district in terms of its growth, develop-
ment and activity pattern. It also indicates indirectly
the amount of land available for future development.
The land utilization pattern of Thrissur district is broadly
classified under the categories listed in Table 1.3.
Fig 1.6. Water bodies of Thrissur District
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District Spatial Plan - Thrissur PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT
Department of Town & Country Planning, KeralaDepartment of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
Table 1.3 Thrissur District: Land Utilization Pattern by Category, 2003-05(Area in Ha)
Geographical area (in ha) 299390 100 299390 100
Net sown area(in ha) 141685 47.32 136847 45.71
Fallow land(in ha) 5224 1.74 4911 1.64
Current fallow(in ha) 9159 3.05 9658 3.23
Cultivable waste(in ha) 3038 1.01 2937 1.0
Forest(in ha) 103619 34.61 103619 34.61
Uncultivable Land 40464 13.52 40464 13.52
2003-04 2004-05
Land Utilization category Area % Area %
Source: Agricultural Statistics 04-05.
1.5 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS
In the case of socio-economic aspects the follow-
ing parameters are analyzed.
Literacy rate (1991 and 2001);
Share of Work force (1991 and 2001);
Gross state Domestic Product (2008-09);
Net State Domestic Product (2003-04); and
Per capita Income (2008-09)
a) Literacy Rate:
As per 2001 census, Kerala is the most literate
state in India having literacy rate of 90.86%. Inter-dis-
trict comparison within Kerala reveals that the highest
literacy is recorded in Kottayam district (95.9%) and the
lowest is in Palakkad district (84.3%). Thrissur District
had the 8th rank in 1991 census. In 2001 the literacy rate
of Thrissur is 92.27%, which is above state average. The
rural and urban literacy rate of Thrissur are 91.50% &
94.23% respectively. The district has got 6th rank for lit-
eracy rate in 2001 census. The share of male literates is
48.86% while female is 51.14%. Literacy rate in various
District, 2001 census is given in table 1.4
No Name of the District Literacy rate in %
1 Kasaragod 84.57
2 Kannur 92.59
3 Wayanad 85.25
4 Kozhikode 92.24
5 Malappuram 89.61
6 Palakkad 84.35
7 Thrissur 92.27
8 Ernakulam 93.20
9 Idukki 88.69
10 Kottayam 95.82
Table 1.4 Literacy Rate in various districts, 2001
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PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT District Spatial Plan - Thrissur
Department of Town & Country Planning, KeralaDepartment of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
11 Alappuzha 93.43
12 Pathanamthitta 94.84
13 Kollam 91.18
14 Thiruvananthapuram 89.28
Source : 2001 Census
b) Share of Workers:
The work participation ratio (WPR) in Kerala has
increased from 31.43% to 32.30% from 1991 to 2001 cen-
sus. In 2001 Census, Thrissur district holds 9th rank with
32.12 % of WPR, which is below the state average. The
WPR of main, marginal and other-workers of Thrissur
district and the State is given in table 1.5.
Table 1.5 WPR of workers - comparison with state
Catagory of worker Thrissur Kerala
Main workers 27.20% 25.87%
Marginal workers 4.92% 6.43%
Other workers 67.88% 67.70%
Source : 2001 Census
c) Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP):
During 2008-09 the contribution from primary,
secondary and tertiary sectors to the GSDP of state at
constant prices (1999-2000) was 12.42%, 25.02% and
62.56% respectively. While analyzing the sectoral dis-
tribution of state income it is seen that the contribu-
tion from primary sector is decreasing and tertiary sec-
tor is increasing. But secondary sector remains almost
stagnant.
GSDP district wise distribution as factor cost
shows that Ernakulam District continues to have high-
est income of Rs. 19940.06 crore in 2008-09. While low-
est gross domestic product was recorded in Wayanad
district (Rs. 2440.12 crore). The GSDP of Thrissur district
was Rs. 13338.06 crore, (9.87% of total GSDP of State) in
2008-09 and is ranked 3rd in the state. The details are
given in Table 1.6.Table 1.6: GSDP in various districts, 2008-09
NO NAME OF DISTRICT GSDP IN CRORE STATE PERCENTAGE
1 Thiruvananthapuram 14941.69 11.05%
2 Kollam 9974.42 7.38%
3 Pathanamthitta 5321.41 3.94%
4 Alappuzha 8755.38 6.48%
5 Kottayam 9495.00 7.02%
6 Idukki 4354.11 3.22%
7 Ernakulam 19940.06 14.75%
8 Thrissur 13338.06 9.87%
9 Palakkad 10209.08 7.55%
10 Malappuram 10303.48 7.62%
11 Kozhikode 11938.27 8.83%
12 Wayanad 2440.12 1.8%
13 Kannur 9743.37 7.21%
14 Kasargode 4448.04 3.29%
Total 135202.49Source: Department of Economics & Statistics
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District Spatial Plan - Thrissur PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT
Department of Town & Country Planning, KeralaDepartment of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
District wise and sector-wise analysis of GSDP shows
that the highest contribution from primary sector in-
come of Rs. 1602.09 crore at constant (1999-2000) prices
was in Kottayam district during 2008-09. The contribu-
tion of Thrissur district from primary sector was 1169.87
crore and it was ranked 8th place in the state. During
2008-09 the lowest primary sector income was in
Wayanad District (Rs. 589.19 crore).
The highest income from secondary sector during
2008-09 was in Ernakulam district (Rs.7599.91 crore). The
contribution of Thrissur district from secondary sector
No Name of District NSDP in crore State Percentage1 Thiruvananthapuram 8829.88 11.19%2 Kollam 6358.60 8.06%3 Pathanamthitta 3079.76 3.9%4 Alappuzha 5345.92 6.77%5 Kottayam 5464.63 6.92%6 Idukki 3229.55 4.09%7 Ernakulam 9957.15 12.61%8 Thrissur 7932.79 10.05%9 Palakkad 5559.50 7.04%10 Malappuram 5924.31 7.51%11 Kozhikode 7318.83 9.27%12 Wayanad 1618.42 2.05%13 Kannur 5591.80 7.08%14 Kasargode 2722.19 3.45%
Total 78933.33
Source: Statistics for Planning
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Rs.
Cro
re TERITARYSECONDARYPRIMARY
was 3443.72 crore and it was ranked 3rd place in the state.
Lowest secondary sector income was in Wayanad dis-
trict (Rs.350.36 crore). Regarding tertiary sector the high-
est income during 2008-09 was in Ernakulam district
(Rs.10752.26 crore). The contribution of Thrissur district
from tertiary sector was 8724.47 crore and it was ranked
3rd place in the state. Lowest tertiary sector income was
in Wayanad district (Rs.500.57 crore). The district wise
details of sectoral income and growth rate are presented
in Annexe 2 and the same is shown in fig 1.7. Hence the
analysis of the Gross State Domestic Product shows that
Thrissur is third highest contributor of Secondary and
Territory sector GSDP of the State.
Fig 1.7.District -wise Sectoral Distribution of GSDP at current prices - 2007-08
Table 1.7 NSDP in various districts - 2003-04
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PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT District Spatial Plan - Thrissur
Department of Town & Country Planning, KeralaDepartment of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
c) Net State Domestic Product (NSDP):
NSDP district wise distribution as factor cost
shows that the Ernakulam district continues to have
highest income at Rs. 9957.15 crore in 2003-04, while
lowest net domestic product was recorded in Wayanad
district (Rs. 1618.42 crore). The NSDP of Thrissur dis-
trict was Rs.7932.79 crore, (10.05 % of total NSDP of
State) in 2003-04 and is ranked 3rd in the state. The dis-
trict wise NSDP is given in Table. 1.7.
d) Per Capita Income (PCI):
The analysis of district wise per capita income
shows that Ernakulam district stands first with the per
capita income of Rs.59970 at constant (1999-2000) prices
in 2008-09 as against Rs.56060 in 2007-08. The per capita
income of Thrissur District has increased from Rs. 39658
in 2007-08 to Rs. 42316 in 2008-09 with growth rate of
6.7% and it is ranked 4th place in the state. The lowest
per capita income was recorded in Malappuram district
(Rs.25291) in 2008-09 at constant prices.
The highest rate of growth of per capita income
of 6.97% was recorded in Ernakulam District in 2008-09
followed by Trissur (6.70%). The growth rate of per capita
income of the district is higher than the state (6.15%).
The lowest growth rate was recorded in Wayanad Dis-
trict (4.47%). The district wise per capita income with
growth rate is given in Table 1.8.
Table 1.8: PCI in various districts, 2008-09
No District PCI (in Rs) Rank G.R(%)
1 Thiruvananthapuram 43247 3 6.26
2 Kollam 36698 10 6.09
3 Pathanamthitta 42166 5 6.49
4 Alappuzha 40089 6 6.60
5 Kottayam 46362 2 6.04
6 Idukki 37374 9 5.14
7 Ernakulam 59970 1 6.97
8 Thrissur 42316 4 6.70
9 Palakkad 36487 11 5.63
10 Malappuram 25291 14 5.09
11 Kozhikode 38798 7 6.33
12 Wayanad 28047 13 4.47
13 Kannur 38634 8 6.37
14 Kasargode 34006 12 5.25
Total 39815 6.15
Source: Department of Economics & Statistics
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District Spatial Plan - Thrissur PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT
Department of Town & Country Planning, KeralaDepartment of Town & Country Planning, Kerala
1.6 INFERENCE
Thrissur District has 17 development blocks, six
Municipal Council and one Municipal Corporation.
Thrissur district can be divided into 5 well defined physi-
ographic regions namely (i) Low lands (ii) Mid Lands
(iii) Mid Up Lands (iv) Up Lands (v)High Lands. The dis-
trict has about 33.34% of its geographical area as forest
mainly seen in the eastern part of the district. The Dis-
trict is blessed with mountains and rivers. The literacy
rate of the district is 92.27% and work participation rate
is 32.12%.
The district contribute 9.87% of the total GSDP of
the state and is ranked 3rd in the state. The sectoral
contribution of the district into the state GSDP shows
that the district is the 3rd highest contributer in sec-
ondary and tertiary sector.
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