dss- collaborative computing technologies

8/3/2019 DSS- Collaborative Computing Technologies

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Prof. Rushen Chahal

Collaborative Computing

Technologies:

Group Support Systems

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Collaborative ComputingTechnologies: Group Support

Systems

People

Performgroupwork

Need to collaborate Need to communicate

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Opening Vignette:

Chrysler SCORES with Groupware

Chrysler used groupware to enhance

collaboration and communication withsuppliers

Identify waste in the Value Chain

Eliminate the waste

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Solution Lotus Notes Application

Extended Enterprise System Incentives for suppliers to contribute

Vendor relationship system

Provides a competitive advantage

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SCORE Benefits Enhanced relationships with suppliers

Better-quality purchasing practices Better quality product

Lower costs (in 2000: $2 billion)

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Groupwork Characteristics Group performs a task

Different places Different times

Same or different organizations

Permanent or temporary

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More Characteristics Span managerial levels

Synergy or conflict Productivity gains / losses

Quick response may be required

Hard to meet in one place Multiple sources of knowledge

External expertise

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Anytime / Anyplace

Collaboration Enabled by Web

Low cost

PCs

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Meetings Joint activity

Equal or near equal status

Outcome depends on participants knowledge,etc.

Outcome depends on group composition

Outcome depends on decision-making process

Disagreement settled by rank or negotiation

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Groupware To support groupwork / meetings

Computer-supported cooperative work

(CSCW)

Software that provides collaborative

support to groups

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Communication Support Vital

Needed for collaboration

Modern information technologies provideinexpensive, fast, capable, reliable means

of supporting communication Internet / Web

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Nonverbal Communication

Important issue Not captured by most communication

systems

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Supporting Collaboration

(CSCW) People work together

Group Support Systems (GSS) Groupware:

Electronic meeting systems

Electronic conferencing systems

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A Time/Place

Framework Same Time / Same Place

Decision Room

Same Time / Different Place

Video Conference

Different Time / Same Place

via Internet

Different Time / Different Place

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Groupware Lotus Notes / Domino Server

Includes Learning Space

Netscape Collabra Server

MicrosoftNetMeeting

Novell Groupwise

GroupSystems TCBWorks

WebEx

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Group Support Systems Goal: to support groupwork

Increase benefits / decrease losses ofcollaboration

Based on

Nominal Group Technique

Delphi Method

Electronic Meeting System (EMS)

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Important Features Parallelism

Anonymity

Lead to process gains and task gains

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GSS Process Gains Parallel information processing / flow

Larger groups can participate

Rapid computer discussions Quiet people can participate equally

Noisy people cant strongly drive meeting

Saves travel time (millions $ / year)

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GSS Process Losses Free-riding

Flaming

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GSS Technologies Decision room

Multiple use facility

Web-based

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The Decision

(E

lectronicM

eeting)R

oom

12 to 30 networked personal computers

Usually recessed

Server PC

Large-screen projection system

Breakout rooms

Need a Trained Facilitator for Success

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Cool Rooms

Source: Groupsystem.com, Tuscon, AZ, www.groupsystems.com

US Air Force

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Cool Rooms

IBMCorp.


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CoolR

ooms

Murraysville School District

Bus


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Few Organizations

Use DecisionR

ooms High Cost

Need for a Trained Facilitator

Software Support for Cooperative Tasks,

NOT Conflict Issues

Infrequent Use

Different Place / Different Time Needs May Need More Than One

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Other Technologies Multiple Use Facility

Cheaper

Still need a facilitator

Web-based

Cheaper: no extra hardware needed

Still need facilitator

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GroupSystems From Groupsystems.com, Tucson, AZ

Comprehensive groupware

Windows & Web versions

Leading software

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GroupSystems Activities Agenda

Electronic Brainstorming

Group Outliner

Topic Commenter

Categorizer

Vote

Others

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GSS Meeting Process Idea generation

Idea organization

Prioritizing

Idea generation

Iterate until solution is reached

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Why GSS? Successful

Need

Organizational commitment

Executive sponsor

Operating sponsor

User-seductive interface Dedicated well-trained facilitator

Good planning

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Distance Learning (DL) Nontraditional classroom

CSCW / GSS / Groupware

Requires technology

Not new

Effective Growing fast

Corporate, too

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DL Advantages Just as effective or more

Flexible time

Student can keep job Student can travel in job

Access anywhere / anytime

Can present new technology cheaply

Can focus on specific skills

Can cost less

Expand classroom size easily

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More DL Advantages Add breadth and depth to course

More one-on-one interaction with instructor

(e-mail) Student/faculty contact time increases

For continuous learners

Attendance is flexible (Careful!)

Discussion technologies

Student attitudes evolve and improve

Impacts (scores) are higher

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DL Disadvantages Fewer social interactions

Less or no on-campus interaction

Communications problems Students MUST be highly motivated

Students MUST be highly disciplined

Students MUST have effective timemanagement skills

Students MUST be extremely dedicated

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More DL Disadvantages Takes more faculty and staff time

Learner must be more responsible

Students MUST work hard!

Others

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Distance LearningCourseware

Lotus Notes

Microsoft NetMeeting

Novell GroupWise

Learning Space (Lotus Notes)

WebCT LearnLinc Virtual Classroom

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Creativity andIdea

Generation

Creativity: Generally a human trait

Creativity and innovation

Can create tremendous impacts in

organizations

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Idea Generation Electronic Brainstorming Can be simulated

Can adjust methods

Create more ideas (information overload)

Cognitive maps - useful

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CreativitySoftware that exhibits creativity

Intelligent agents (softbots)

Copycat (creates analogies)

AARON (creates painted art)

Genjam (writes jazz music)

Kurzweils Cybernetic Poet (writes poems)

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Creativity Software

Alternatives CoBrain

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Software that Facilitates

Human Creativity Project KickStart

ThoughtP

ath Creative WhackPack

IdeaFisher

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GSS d C ll b ti


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GSS and CollaborativeComputing Issues and

Research

GSS/EMS methods Web groupware

Distance learning

Virtual organization

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DeSanctis & Gallupe, 1987 Framework

Dennis, et al, 1988 Framework

Pinsonneault and Kraemer, 1989 Framework

Nunamaker et al, 1991 Framework

Fjermestad 1998 Framework

GSS Frameworks

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D S i G d G ll R B (198 ) A


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DeSanctis, G. and Gallupe, R. B., (1987), A

Foundation for the Study of Group Decision Support

Systems, Management Science, 33, 3, 589-609

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GSS Technologies

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y Organizational commitment

y Executive Sponsor

y Operating sponsor

y Dedicated facility

y Site visits

y Liaisons

y Responsiveness- Use prototyping

y Training

y Cost-benefit analysis

y Software flexibility

y

GSS Success Factors (Implementation)

dss- collaborative computing technologies

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