dublin core metadata initiative education application profile task group meeting, berlin, 2008

Dublin Core EducationApplication Profile Module

Sarah CurrierModerator, DCMI Education Community

Product Manager (Intrallect Ltd)with help on these slides from Phil Barker and John Robertson

(JISC CETIS, UK)

DC2008, DC-Ed AP Task Group, 23 September 2008Berlin, Germany

Overview of Session

1. Brief overview of DC-Education Community (5 mins)

2. Introduction to DC-Ed Application Profile work (5 mins)

3. What’s going on with Domain Model?4. What’s going on with DSP?5. Where to from here?

Dublin Core Educational WorkDCMI Education Community

• Moderators: Diane Hillmann; Sarah Currier• DC-Ed Application Profile Task Group:

– Lara Whitelaw of the Open University (UK)– Lorna Campbell, Phil Barker & John Robertson and of JISC-

CETIS (UK)– Pete Johnston and Mikael Nilsson of DC-Architecture and

DCMI/IEEE Task Force– Everyone who submitted use cases and vocabularies for

this AP, and who has taken part in our webconferences.– Representatives from related standards groups: IEEE

(including Erik Duval); IMS (including Ingo Dahn and David Massart); ISO MLR (including Pierre Julien Guay).

• See also the DCMI/IEEE Taskforce for DC/LOM compatibility work (tomorrow at 15:30)

Dublin Core Educational Work

NOTE:

“The DCMI Education Community is a forum for individuals and organizations involved in implementing Dublin Core and other learning resource metadata in the education domain. The objective of the Community is to promote interoperability within the domain through the use of standard metadata and consensus good practices.”

Dublin Core Educational WorkDC-Ed Application Profile• Aim: to provide a “modular” AP to support

interoperable description of educational aspects of resources.

• Scope: educationally significant properties available in Dublin Core + any other educational properties, e.g. elements from the LOM.

• Out-of-scope: will not define or give guidelines for usage of non-educational properties, or non-educational usage of properties.

• Modular: aim to enable people to “plug in” the AP with other APs they are using, e.g. the Libraries AP, the Scholarly Works AP, Collection Description AP, a modular accessibility AP, or a local AP.

Dublin Core Application Profiles

The DCMI Architecture Forum developed:- Dublin Core Abstract Model- Singapore Framework for Dublin Core

Application Profiles

The Singapore Framework requires:- Functional requirements (mandatory) - Domain model (mandatory) - Description Set Profile (DSP) (mandatory) - Usage guidelines (optional)- Encoding syntax guidelines (optional)

Singapore FrameworkThe Singapore Framework for Dublin Core Application Profiles:

http://dublincore.org/architecturewiki/SingaporeFramework/

Copyright ©2008 Dublin Core Metadata Initiative. All Rights Reserved. http://www.dublincore.org/about/copyright/


http://www.dublincore.org/about/copyright/

A Note on VocabulariesThe Singapore Framework for Dublin Core Application Profiles:




http://www.dublincore.org/about/copyright/

A Note on VocabulariesThe Singapore Framework requires:- Functional requirements (mandatory) - Domain model (mandatory) - Description Set Profile (DSP) (mandatory) - Usage guidelines (optional)- Encoding syntax guidelines (optional)

The DC-Ed AP TG has gathered some vocabularies for fields included in the Description Set Profile where vocabularies are used (currently InstructionalMethod and Type).

What are we going to do about recommending these? Is it the job of the DC-Education Community to serve as a registry or clearing house of vocabularies?

http://dublincore.org/educationwiki/Vocabularies

Singapore FrameworkThe Singapore Framework for Dublin Core Application Profiles:



[…] describe the functions that the application profile is designed to support, as well as functions that are out of scope.

[…] form the basis of evaluating the application profile for internal consistency and for giving guidance on the appropriateness of the application profile for a given use.

A Note About LOM and DCJoint DCMI/IEEE LTSC Task Force

- Grew out of Mikael Nilsson’s work on an RDF binding for the LOM, which drew heavily on early RDF work with Dublin Core.

- Became apparent that the LOM and DC had completely incompatible underlying models.

- DC started developing the DC Abstract Model (DCAM) based on RDF principles.

- Task Force is working on expressing LOM using the DCAM.- Gives a de facto translation of LOM in RDF (somewhat lossy, so

not strictly a binding).- Will support use of LOM elements in DC-Ed Application Profile.

http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue55/currier/http://dublincore.org/educationwiki/DCMIIEEELTSCTaskforce

Dublin Core Educational WorkDC-Ed Application Profile Use Cases

Functional requirements

We started with the following general requirements:

a. Support for Resource Discovery b. Support for Educational Use of Resourcesc. Extensibilityd. Jurisdiction Neutrality

Dublin Core Educational WorkDC-Ed Application Profile Use Cases

Functional requirements

What about more specific requirements?We asked for use cases from the community on:

• What educational attributes or properties do you want to describe?

• What are your real world interoperability needs?• What do your users want to search for / by?• What else?


DC-Ed Application Profile Use Cases

Use cases summary:• 49 use cases gathered• From 23 organisations• Representing 6 countries (UK, US, Canada,

Australia, New Zealand, Spain) + 2 international organisations

• Most educational sectors• A range of discipline areas + general

Dublin Core Educational WorkDC-Ed Application Profile Use CasesUse cases summary: general requirements Table 1

Requirement No.

Re-purposing existing resource for use in education 4

Machine-readable AP 1+

Part-whole relationships in content aggregations 1+

Metadata harvesting 11

Searchable & retrievable via SRU/SRW 4

Compatible with other standards and formats (includes 1 use case on “compatibility with learning platform)

8

Authority / community reputation: "who says?" 5

Is intended for vs. Was used in 3

Dublin Core Educational WorkDC-Ed Application Profile Use CasesUse cases summary: general requirements Table 2

Requirement No.

Strength of correlation with educational achievement standard

2

Controlled vocabularies vs. free text and/or tagging 2

Classification browsing ?

Crosswalk or mapping of vocabularies 2

Extensibility so discipline-specific metadata standards may be incorporated

2

Compatibility with IMS QTI (standard for describing assessments- Question & Test Interoperability)

?

Designed for reuse? (Or is this a “Type”?) 1

Dublin Core Educational WorkDC-Ed Application Profile Use CasesUse cases summary: what properties? Table 1

Property No.

Audience (unspecified) 3

Audience (educational level) 12

Audience (educational context) 4

Audience (skill level) 3

Audience (age range) 3

Audience (language of intended user) 2

Audience (literacy level) 1

Audience (pre-requisites) 1

Audience (preferences, e.g. InstructionalMethod, Learning Styles)

?


Property No.

Property of resource (Type) (NB: This is a general property; included in DC-Ed AP because of possible education-specific vocabularies)

7

Property of resource (Typical learning time) 2

Property of resource (Origin (locality or culture)) (This is educationally significant- but could be a more general DC property?)

3

Property of resource (Difficulty) (Depends on audience) 2

Property of resource (Instructional method) (Inherent in resource; or “intended for use in” or “was used in”?)

6


Property No.

Educational outcome (Subject) (NB: This is a general property; included in DC-Ed AP because of possible education-specific vocabularies)

17

Educational outcome (Learning goal) (NB: Use cases used 7 different terms to refer to this; there is also blurring with Achievement Standards)

21

Educational outcome (Achievement standards) (NB: Uncertainty about boundary with Learning Goals)

13

Educational outcome (Course) (Description of course resource was used in or created for)

4

Educational outcome (Skills being practiced) 2


Property No.

User annotations / comments / reviews / ratings 7

Dublin Core Educational WorkDC-Ed Application Profile Use CasesUse cases summary: out-of-scope Table 1

Property No.

Alternative resources (language; format; accessibility) 4

Rights metadata (IPR, licence conditions etc.) 3+

Availability of resource 1

Includes local resource examples (i.e. “Coverage” for components)

1

External system for determining usage data about resource

1


DC-Ed Application Profile

Problem Areas:- Modelling “Who says?”

- Who created this review?- Who says this resource meets that competency?

- Correlation- How closely does this learning object correlate to

that educational achievement standard?- What about vocabularies? Whose job?- Where is the line around in-scope “Subject”?

- Modelling “IsIntendedFor” vs. “WasUsedFor”

Dublin Core Educational WorkDC-Ed AP Domain Model

• We’ve looked at OAIS and FRBR.• Where these models leave off, our AP begins

(more-or-less).• Decided to be “resource model neutral” – so

now have a proposed Domain Model with a blob where the resource goes.

• Let’s have a look now…

NB: Our thanks to the JISC Learning Materials AP Project:http://www.icbl.hw.ac.uk/lmap/

Sarah Currier

By Sarah Currier, Phil Barker, John Robertson, Lorna M. Campbell


Description Set Profile• We made a start (Me, Phil Barker and Lorna Campbell

that is)• Used the Description Set Profile Model (draft) and

started with the SWAP Description Set Profile• Questions came up immediately:

– How do we do this when it’s a module that can be plugged into another application profile?

– What do we do about the fact that we want both vocabulary and free-text to be available for the same properties (e.g. Subject may use controlled vocabulary or user tags)?

– What do we do about identifiers?– How do we model the fact that different agents will make

different statements about the same resource?


Description Set ProfilePete Johnston emailed the following advice:

“ … express that set of information in the form of partial "Description Templates" and (complete) "Statement Templates" as defined by the DSP document, and say "these are available for you to copy and paste into your DSP". And it seems to me that would be very useful, hugely so, and if some sort of DSP "import" mechanism was developed in the future then that work could be adapted to fit that.”

<?xml version="1.0"?><DescriptionSetTemplate>

<DescriptionTemplate ID="ResourceHoldingSpace" maxOccur="1" minOccur="1">



<StatementTemplate type="nonliteral"><Property>http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/type</Property><NonliteralConstraint>

<ValueURIOccurrence>optional</ValueURIOccurrence><VocabularyEncodingSchemeOccurrence>optional</

VocabularyEncodingSchemeOccurrence><ValueStringConstraint maxOccur="1">



<LanguageOccurrence>optional</LanguageOccurrence></ValueStringConstraint>

</NonliteralConstraint></StatementTemplate>

<StatementTemplate type="nonliteral"><Property>http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/subject</Property></StatementTemplate>

<StatementTemplate type="nonliteral"><Property>http://purl.org/dc/terms/educationLevel</Property><NonliteralConstraint>



</NonliteralConstraint></StatementTemplate>

</DescriptionTemplate></DescriptionSetTemplate>

By Sarah Currier, Phil Barker, John Robertson, Lorna M. Campbell


Agenda for today:• Agree on Domain Model.• Agree on approach for Description Set Profile

(i.e. partial Description Templates as suggested by Pete?).

• Agree what needs to be done from here.• Discuss sustainable way of achieving

remaining work.


Please join the DC-Ed Community!E-mail me or [email protected] [email protected]

Join the DC-Ed list to be notified of new developments and take part in discussions

Website: http://www.dublincore.org/groups/education/Wiki: http://dublincore.org/educationwiki/ E-mail list: http://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/lists/DC-EDUCATION.html

Thanks to Diane Hillmann, Lara Whitelaw, JISC-CETIS (especially Phil Barker, John Robertson and Lorna Campbell), and the

DC-Education Community for their contributions so far, including to these slides.