Training Material on Duckry Farmingfor Improvement of Livelihoods

Prepared by : Society for Management of Information, Learning and Extension (SMILE)

VOTI Complex

Laxmisagar, Bhubaneswar

Phone/Fax : 0674-2571965

Published by : NR Management Consultants India Pvt. Ltd.ndS-6, 2 Floor, Green Park Extension,

New Delhi-110016

On behalf of : Orissa Watershed Development Mission (OWDM)

Watershed Mission Complex

Siripur, Bhuabneswar – 751003

Tel: +91 674 2397308/2397309

Fax: +91 674 2397988

Coordination : Rabindra Kumar Gouda, MC, WORLP

Year of Publication : 2011

Disclaimer : This document is an output from a project funded by the UK Department

for International Development (DFID) for the benefit of developing countries. The views expressed are not necessarily those of DFID.

INTRODUCTION TO FLIPBOOK

Duck rearing is an important livelihood options for poor farmers throughout Orissa. Duck farming is providing supplementary income thereby reduces poverty in rural area. It can generate a continuous flow of income, enabling the poor to meet their daily cash requirements and other contingency expenditures. Traditionally, the role of women in duck farming is well recognised.

However, there is need to upgrade the skill of the male and female farmers to support duck farming, since these are means of livelihood of poorer sections of the society and will help in food production, food security, gender equity and providing employment to women. The capacity building effort is likely to reduce losses, by improving nutrition, hygiene, shelter and better health care to their existing stock. In order to extend support to such an effort a number of tools have been developed.

This flip book is one such tool.

In a situation, where people are unable to read and write, this tool will be useful to communicate the intended message. The pictorial content inspires interaction with the people and allows them to participate in the process of learning thereby, clarifying some of the modern management practices in duck farming.

The facilitators are required to familiarise themselves throughly with the details of this flip book before taking up a training activity in the field.

ABOUT THE FLIP BOOK AND ITS USEThe Flip book has been designed keeping in view that the target participants are primary stake holders. These flip book will be used during the session at appropriate time. Hints are given in the Lesson Plan where to use the flip book. The Trainer may use as per the requirement. This needs to be updated from time to time with necessary changes.

This flip book is designed looking to the contents and entry behavior of the trainees.

The target group is expected to be duck keepers with a large number of illiterate mass among them.

It can either be placed vertically on a surface, or, the facilitator can put his hand through the fold and hold it up and move it around for better view by the participants.

There is a picture on the front face of each page depicting a certain facet of the topic of discussion. The facilitator can use this to get the response of the participants and take the topic forward.

TIPS FOR THE TRAINER?Go through the Flip book thoroughly before using it.

?Make sure that you have familiarised yourself with all the details of all the pictures and have understood the messages contained in them.

?Check the lesson plan and which page of flip book to be used during the session.

?You may keep the flip book ready and place it in front of you.

?Take care to display it for the participants at appropriate time.

?Start by asking them to describe what they see in the picture. You may lead them on by putting questions.

?Interpret the picture as per suggestions and make sure that everybody understands.

?Draw participants into an interactive mode and encourage them to express their ideas and opinions freely and frankly.

?The text provided in the front page may be explained. Texts at the back page is for your reference only. This should be built up further with appropriate examples and interpretations. This should never be read out to the participants.

?Try to draw examples from the people reflecting their experience and observations. This will enhance the effectiveness of your program.

?Smile at the participants with genuine feeling and try to draw every one into participation.

?Recap the learning during the topic discussion.

?Ask for doubts and go on clarifying them. If necessary, some of the questions may be kept for response at the end.

UTILITY OF THIS TRAINING MATERIAL (FLIPBOOK) ALONG WITH THE MAIN TRAINING MODULE

Lesson Plan Topic Session Code Flip Chart Reference Topic

IMPORTANCE OF BACKYARD DUCK REARING 1.1

1.1

1.1

GENERAL MANAGEMENT OF DUCK 1.2

DISEASE CONTROL 1.4

1.3

1.2

1.4 INSEMINATION

1.1

1.2

IMPORTANCE OF DUCK REARING

IMPORTANCE OF BACKYARD DUCK REARING SOME COMMON DUCKS

IMPORTANCE OF BACKYARD DUCK REARING HANDLING OF DUCKS

TIPS TO START A DUCK UNIT

COMMON DISEASES OF DUCK

GENERAL MANAGEMENT OF DUCK ADVANTAGES OF DUCK REARING

GENERAL MANAGEMENT OF DUCK COMMON FEED OF DUCK

DISEASE CONTROL VACCINATION SCHEDULE

IMPORTANCE OF BACKYARD DUCK REARING INTEGRATED DUCK FARMING

GENERAL MANAGEMENT OF DUCK ECONOMICS OF DUCK REARING

IMPORTANCE OFDUCK REARING1

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

S

Duck meat and eggs are good to eat

It lays 40-50 eggs more than the Deshi bird

Duck eggs are heavier (15-20gm) than the Deshi Poultry bird

Ducks need lesser attention than Deshi bird and investment is low

There is no Cannibalism among Duck

Ducks eat mosquito pupa and larvae which is helpful for controlling malaria

Duck meat is tender and nutritious

A person can get Rs.2000/- per year with a unit cost of 10+2 along with house hold nutrition

Duck lays 40-50 eggs more than the Deshi bird.

IMPORTANCE OFDUCK REARING1

S

S

S

S

Duck meat and eggs are tasty

Ducks control malaria

Easy to maintain

Generate income

SOME COMMONDUCKS2

MUSCOVY

S

S

S

S

Good for meat, colour is white and black

Males are twice the size of female

Adult weight

Male - 4.5-6.5 Kg

Female - 2.2-3 Kg

Incubation period is 35 days

KHAKI CAMPBELL

S

S

S

S

S

Marketable age and weight 3month/1-1.5 Kg wt.

Good for egg production

It produces 250egg in 1st year & 200 eggs in 2nd year

Laying period -2 year (after 6 to 30 month age)

Colour is Khaki

Khaki Campbell produces 250 eggs in 1st yr. & 200 eggs in 2nd yrs.

SOME COMMONDUCKS2

Muscovy (Moti Hans)

Khaki Campbell

HANDLING OFDUCKS3

S

S

S

Catch the duck at the neck

Duck should not be caught by on the side of body or leg

Provide clean water for drinking

Do not catch wing and leg of ducks

HANDLING OFDUCKS3

S

S

Catch the duck at the neck

Duck should not be caught by on the side of body or leg

TIPS TO STARTA DUCK UNIT4

S

S

S

S

21 days after brooding duckling should left for swimming in water body

For five female one male is required

Covered shelter is required to protect from rain, heat and predators.

Floor space - one sq mt for 6 adult ducks

S

S

S

Artificial water trough is required if water body is not available.

Collect the eggs in the morning before 9 AM

Never allow duckling to come in contact with used litter

For five female one male is required

TIPS TO STARTA DUCK UNIT4

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S

Floor space - one sq mt for 6 adult ducks (5 female & 1 male)

Collect the eggs in the morning before 9 AM

Muscovy female duck in Brooding

COMMON DISEASESOF DUCK

Duck Plague

S

S

S

S

S

It is a Contagious viral disease.

It usually affects matured ducks.

Greenish yellow diarrhoea some times with blood stain.

Recovered birds immuned but acts as carrier.

Vaccinate birds at the age of 2,10, 24 weeks thrice yearly and repeat after 6 months.

Duck Cholera

S

S

S

Important disease of domestic bird.

Mucus discharge from the mouth.

Loss of appetite and diarrhoea.

5

Vaccinate the birds regularly

COMMONDISEASESOF DUCK

Duck Plague

S

S

It usually affects matured ducks.

Greenish yellow diarrhoea some times with blood stain.

Duck Cholera

S

S

S

Important disease of domestic bird.

Mucus discharge from the mouth.

Loss of appetite and diarrhoea.

5

SDucks can be used for both egg and meat purposes.

6 ADVANTAGES OFDUCK REARING

SDuck egg provides energy 191 Kcal compared to 163 Kcal from hen egg.

Both the products are superior to poultry products

SDucks can be used for both egg and meat purposes.

6 Duck meat

Duck egg

ADVANTAGES OFDUCK REARING

SDuck egg provides more energy.

COMMON FEEDOF DUCK

l

l

l

l

l

Insects, worm, snail, frogs

Grass, weeds, roots, water plants Azolla

Seeds, grain, over ripened fruits and Vegetable

Mixed or exotic breeds are to be supplemented with concentrate feed

Duck are capable of converting food resources efficiently

7

Don't give stale foods to ducks

COMMON FEEDOF DUCK

l

l

l

l

Insects, worm, snail, frogs

Grass, weeds, roots, water plants, Azolla

Seeds, grain, over ripened fruits and Vegetable

Supplementary feed for more production

7

VACCINATIONSCHEDULE8

Disease Age and Route Remarks

booster doses

Duck plague 3-4 weeks Subcutaneous 1 ml.

Duck cholera 3-4 weeks Subcutaneous 1 ml.

Ducks are affected wit very few diseases as compared to poultry. Ducks are usually resistant to common avian diseases. However, preventive vaccination for the following diseases is essential.

While vaccinating, ducks should be caught by neckand not on the side of the body as this might lead to sudden death.

VACCINATIONSCHEDULE8

Disease Age and Route Remarks

booster doses

Duck plague 3-4 weeks Subcutaneous 1 ml.

Duck cholera 3-4 weeks Subcutaneous 1 ml.

INTEGRATEDDUCK FARMING9

Local duck farming with paddy performsfour essential functions:

1. Intertillage - During collection of the feed in the paddy field they loosen the soil.

2. Weeding - They also take weeds.

3. Insect control - the expenses on insecticide are reduced as they consume insects.

4. Manuring - Ducks consume the weeds and insects in the paddy field and the droplets are useful for increasing the fertility of soil.

Keep the ducks out of gardens and fields when the plants are young and tender. The ducks after attaining 2 weeks of age should be allowed in the field after implantation till flowering stage. They are again allowed to paddy field to collect their food after the harvesting of paddy. Ducks also collect the food from the water.

Ducks are suitable for integrated farming.

INTEGRATEDDUCK FARMING

Duck farming with paddy:

1. Intertillage

2. Weeding

3. Insect control

4. Manuring

9

ECONOMICS OFDUCK REARING10

S

S

Initially, start with a flock of 6 ducks ( 5 Female + 1 Male).

With a flock of 6 ducks you will get 5 to 10 eggs each week.

INCOME GENERATIONItems of expenditure Cost

Purchase of ducks 80

Cost of medicine 30

Cost of supplementary feed (For 2 Yrs.) 800

Cost of labour inputs self

House 500

TOTAL 1410

Return over a period of 2 yearSale of eggs in a year 3600(150 eggs X 2 yrs. X 4 ducks X 3 rupees)

10 % home consumption

Sale price of birds 500

TOTAL 4100

Net gain = Rs. 2690.00, in addition to family nutrition.

ECONOMICS OFDUCK REARING10

S

S

Initially, start with a flock of 6 ducks ( 5 Female + 1 Male).

With a flock of 6 ducks you will get 5 to 10 eggs each week.