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Duncanrig Secondary Chemistry Department

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S2/3 ChemistryStructure of the Atom

Pupil BookletLearning OutcomesHomework ExercisesUnit Summary

SCN 4-15a - Through gaining an understanding of the structure of atoms and how they join, I can begin to connect the properties of substances with their possible structures.

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Learning Outcomes Can you do this?

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1. State what is meant by an atom

2. State the name of the three particles that make up atoms

3. State the charge, mass and location of protons, neutrons and electrons in an atom.

4. Describe why atoms have an overall neutral charge.

5. State what is meant by the atomic number of an atom.

6. Identify an element based on its atomic number or number of protons.


7. Determine the number of electrons in a neutral atom based on its atomic number.

8. State the meaning of mass number.

9. State that: Mass number = number of protons + number of neutrons

10. Calculate the mass number of an atom using the mass number equation

11. Calculate the number of protons using the mass number equation

12. Calculate the number of neutrons using the mass number equation.

13. Be able to write nucleotide notation

14. Calculate the number of protons, neutrons and electrons from nuclide notation.

15. Describe what is meant by the Relative atomic mass (RAM) of an element

16. State what is meant by an isotope.

17. Determine which isotope of an element is most common based


on its RAM

18. State what is meant by an atom’s electron arrangement.

19. Describe what is meant by an electron energy level.

20. State the electron arrangement of neutral atoms from their atomic number.

21. Determine the number of protons, atomic number and the element from its electron arrangement.

22. Classify elements in the periodic table i.e./ metals/non-metals, solid/liquid and gases and natural/manmade

23. State what is meant by a group on the periodic table.

24. Identify the alkali metals, halogens, noble gases and transition metals and give examples of each

25. Explain why elements are arranged into various groups in the periodic table.

26. State what is meant by an ion

27. Describe how positive and negative ions are formed.


28. Calculate the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in ions

Areas to study


Structure of the Atom – Homework 1

1) Atoms are made up of protons, neutrons and electrons. The diagram below shows a model of an atom.

a) Identify the particles labelled A and B

b) What is meant by the atomic number of an atom?

c) State the atomic number of this atom, AND what element these atoms make up.

d) What is the charge of the nucleus of this atom?

e) Explain why atoms are described as being electrically neutral.

2) Complete the following table

ProtonA

Proton

B


atomic number element name positive charge on the nucleus

number of electrons

1133

ChlorineHelium

15+8799

Homework 1 – Answers

Structure of the Atom– Homework 2

1. State what is meant by the mass number of an atom and how it can be calculated.


2. a) Complete the following table.

Element Mass Number Protons Neutrons4 512 12

32 1640 2025 1219 9

b) Using the information in the table, express each element as nuclide notation e.g.

3. Describe what is meant by an isotope.

4. Chlorine exists as two isotopes: Chlorine - 35 and Chlorine- 37. Chlorine has a relative atomic mass (RAM) of 35.5.

a) What is the meant by the relative atomic mass of an element?

b) State which isotope of chlorine is the most common and explain your answer.

Homework 2 - Answers



1. Describe what is meant by an electron energy level/shell?

b) Which electron energy level has the highest energy?

2. Using the diagrams below, write the electron arrangement of an atom of the following elements without using your data booklet

(Helium – 2 electrons, Oxygen – 8 electrons, Sulphur – 16 electrons, Potassium – 19 electrons)


3. Write the electron arrangements of the following elements:

Carbon, Silicon, Calcium, Neon, Chlorine, Phosphorus, Beryllium

Homework 3 – Answers



1. The elements in the periodic table can be split into groups. Four of these groups are shown in the diagram below.

Which group do the following elements belong to?

a) sodium b) chlorine c) neon d) argon e) bromine f) iron g) potassium

h)copper

2. State what is meant by an ion and describe how it differs from an atom.

b) Explain what happens to a magnesium atom when it forms a Mg2+ ion?


c) Explain what happens to a chlorine atom when it forms a Cl- ion.

3. State the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in the following ions:

a) 2311Na+ b) 9

4Be2+ c) 3216S2- d) 14

7 N3-

Homework 4 - Answers


S2 Chemistry – Cloze Test Summary

Structure of the Atom

Fill in the missing words by choosing the correct word from the box. Words can be used more then once.

neutrons atomic atoms mass neutral

nucleus negative protons electrons periodic

element neutrons 17 35 18

Every element is made up of very small particles called

__________________

Each __________is made up of only one kind of atom.

Atoms have a dense centre called the ____________. This

contains ___________ which have a positive charge and an

approximate mass of 1 amu.

The nucleus also contains ______________ with no charge and

approximate mass of 1 amu.

Moving through space outside the nucleus are ____________ which have a _____________charge and a mass of almost zero.


An atom is _____________because the number of negatively

charged electrons is equal to the number of positively charged

protons.

Chemists have classified elements by arranging them in the

____________ table.

Each element has a different number in the periodic table called the

_______________number.

All atoms of the same element have the same number of protons.

The number of protons is called the ____________ number. In a

neutral atom the number of protons is equal to the number of

_____________.

The mass of an atom is concentrated in the ______________.

The ___________number = the number of protons + the number of

neutrons.

Hence the number of ____________in an atom can be found by

subtracting the atomic number from the mass number.


The symbol for an atom of an element is usually written with the

__________number at the bottom left and the __________ number

at the top left,

Eg Atomic number = __________

Mass number = __________Number of protons = __________Number of electrons = __________Number of neutrons = __________

noble transition sodium isotopes neutrons

mass halogens alkali negative same

electrons chemical average atomic group

lose ion whole 0 eight

2,8,1 two

Atoms of the same element can have different _________numbers,

e.g. Carbon has three different types of atoms 12C, 13 C and 14

C.


Since all atoms of the one element have the same number of

protons, the number of __________ must be different. These

atoms are called ____________.

The atoms have the same ___________ properties because they

have the same electron arrangements.

The relative atomic mass is the ___________ mass of an atom of

an element. As a result of an average being taken, the relative

atomic mass of an element is rarely a _____________number.

The _____________ move around the nucleus in shells (energy

levels). The first energy level can hold up to __________ electrons.

The second energy level can hold up to ___________ electrons.

Each element has a different electron arrangement, e.g. ________

with eleven electrons has the electron arrangement ___________.

A column of elements in the periodic table is called a __________.

Elements in the periodic table are arranged in increasing

___________ number with elements which have the same number

of outer electrons in the same ___________. Elements with the

__________ number of outer electrons have similar chemical

properties.


Elements can be classified in different ways:-

(a) Naturally occurring/ man-made,

(b) Solid/liquid/gas,

(c) Metal/ non-metal

Elements in group 1 are called the _________metals.

Elements in group 7 are called the ___________.

Elements in group 0 are called the ___________gases.

Elements in the middle block are called the

___________metals.

Elements in the same group of the periodic table show similar

properties,

e.g. group ______ elements are all very unreactive gases.

An _______ is a charged particle. Positive ions are formed when

atoms lose electrons and __________ions are formed when atoms

gain electrons.

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