PronogradeQuadruped - vertebrate

Orthograde – plantigradeBiped – erect - vertebrate

Splanchnocranium

Neurocranium

Telencephalisation

Inversely proportional

Blood supply of brain Venous drainage of brain

Brain – Internal carotid - Vertebral art. - Choroid plexus

Skull – Mid.Meningeal art. (Foramen spinosum) Br. of 1st part Max.art. (Ext. Carotid art.)

Brain – Ext.cerebral veins - Ineter. cerebral veins - Terminal veins - Great cerebral vein (Union of 2 int.cereb.veins) - Basal veins (Drain into Grt.Cereb.vein)

Skull - Diploic veins - Emissary veins

Ventricles - CSF

Ultimately drain into Venous sinuses

Internal Jugular Vein

Skull bones coverings

Scalp

Diploe

Pericranium

Dura

Skull bones coverings

Diploe

Endocranium + Dura

Outer table

Inner table

ArachnoidPiamater

Emissary vein Dipoeic

vein

Cerebral vein

CSF throughArchnoid granulation

Sup.Sag.Sinus

Diploic veins

Posterior temporal

Occipital

Anterior temporal

Frontal

Dural Lacnua

Dural Veins

Sup.Sag.Sinus

Sup. Cerebral veins

Sup. Middle Cerebral vein

Sup. Anastomoticvein

Inf. Cerebral veinsTransverse sinus Sigmoid

sinus

ARTERIAL SUPPLY OF SKULL BONES

Middle Mewningeal art.Through Foramen Spinosum(Br. of 1st part of Maxillary art.)From Ext. Carotid

Norma Frontalis

Norma Lateralis

Norma Basalis

SkullSagittal section

Dural venous sinuses

Unpaired

1. Superior sagittal

2. Inferior sagittal

3. Striaght

4. Occipital

5. Ant. Intercavernous

6. Post.Intercavernous

7. Basilar venous plexus

Paired

1. Transverse

2. Sigmoid

3. Cavernous

4. Sup. Petrosal

5. Inf. Petrosal

6. Sphenoparietal

7. Petrosquamous

8. Middle meningeal

Sphenoparietal

Cavernous

Ant. intercavernous

Sup. petrosal

Inf. petrosal

Transverse

Sigmoid

Occipital

Superior sagittal sinus

Tributaries – Sup. Cerebral veins - Diploic & Emissary veins through lacunae

Communications - Veins of scalp thro’ emissary veins - Vein from nose thro’ foramen caecum (rare) - Cavernous sinus thro’ sup. anastomotic vein

Applied anatomy

- Infection from nose, scalp, diploic tissue leads to thrombosis of sup/sag. Sinus - Defective absorption of CSF - increased intracranial tension

Falx. Cerebri

Falx. Cerebelli

GreatCerebralVein

Sup. Sag.Sinus

Inf. Sag.Sinus

Sup.sag.sinus

Cerebral fossa

Transverse sinus

Straight sinus

Falx cerebri

Falx cerebelliiCerebellar fossa

Coron. Section at Foramen magnum

Wall of groove forSigmoid sinus

Mastoid antrum

Facial n.