durasteel brochure english

A DURABLE FIBRE CEMENT & STEEL

COMPOSITE BUILDING MATERIAL

Your local supplier

December 2004

Intumex Asia Pacific

DU

RASTEEL

M

arch 2004

Your local supplier

Room 1011, C.C. Wu Building302-308 Hennessy RoadWanchaiTel: +852 2895 0265Fax: +852 2576 0216

Unit 1, 175 Briens RoadNorthmead, NSW 2152Tel: +61 (2) 9683 2872Fax: +61 (2) 9630 0258

10 Science Park Road#03-14 The AlphaSingapore Science Park IISingapore 117684Tel: +65 6292 7888Fax: +65 6294 2576

Intumex Asia Pacific

HONG KONGRoom 1011, C.C. Wu Building302-308 Hennessy RoadWanchaiTel: +852 2895 0265Fax: +852 2576 0216

AUSTRALIAUnit 1, 175 Briens RoadNorthmead, NSW 2152Tel: +61 (2) 9683 2872Fax: +61 (2) 9630 0258

SINGAPORE10 Science Park Road#03-14 The AlphaSingapore Science Park IISingapore 117684Tel: +65 6292 7888Fax: +65 6294 2576

Email: [email protected]

www.intumex-ap.com

AAs one of the leading suppliers of fire protectionproducts and systems world wide, Intumex AsiaaPacific are acutely aware of the importance ofproduct quality and consistency. These factors are criticalfor all fire protection products and systems as peopleslives may depend on them.

First produced in 1934, DURASTEEL became part of ourproduct range in 1980. As one of the world leaders andspecialists in passive fire protection, Intumex Asia Pacifichave been instrumental in protecting life, the environmentand financial investment, and as such offers systems thatare technically advanced and value-engineered to meettodays market needs.

We have used our specialist technical and engineering skillsto develop fire and blast protection for some of the worldsmost valuable industries. These include major projects fornuclear power plants, gas terminals, offshore productionplatforms, chemical processing plants and refineries.DURASTEEL passive fire and explosion resistant systemscombine to fortify and protect vulnerable and hazardous

areas to minimise the possibility of major disaster.

We, as a company, do not just manufacture products,rather we provide a comprehensive service to achieve thebest solution to specific fire or blast protection problems.

We can offer advice at the design stage, provideconstruction detailing and where necessary, specialproject orientated product and system testing which willenable the manufacture of custom built solutions, tailoredto your needs.

Our commitment to quality and to continual product andsystem research, development and testing enable you tospecify DURASTEEL systems with confidence.

All Intumex products, therefore, are manufactured underaccredited EN ISO 9000 quality assurance procedures,and our products and systems are extensively tested toall relevant national standards for fire and impactresistance, and acoustic and thermal insulation.

The information in this document isissued in good faith. Intumex AsiaPacific can accept no responsibility foromissions or errors in content orinterpretation. Intumex Asia Pacifichas a policy of continuous improve-ment and reserves the right to changespecifications, designs and productsat any time without prior notice. Localauthorities must be consulted forcompliance with local building fireregulations.

2004 Intumex Asia Pacific

GGuuaarraanntteeeeWe, Intumex Asia Pacific, would confirmthat the specifications contained in ourtechnical publications cover the range ofproducts marketed by Intumex AsiaPacific, and we guarantee that supplies ofthese products will conform to thespecifications and standards set down inour literature.

We also confirm that all the products aremanufactured under accredited BS ENISO 9000 quality assurance procedures.We certify that all supplies will have beeninspected and tested at the factory oforigin and unless otherwise stated, willconform in all respects with thespecifications in our literature andconstruction manuals.

We would also confirm that productsmarketed by Intumex Asia Pacific havebeen subject to fire tests in accordancewith the relevant parts various nationalstandards by independent testlaboratories and that the resultant testdata has been submitted to relevantauthorities for appraisal and approval.

We would confirm we would have nohesitation in confirming the lifeexpectancy of Intumex Asia Pacificproducts for at least 40 years, assumingthe installation of these products iscarried out in full compliance with therecommendations provided by IntumexAsia Pacific, and that if installation is tooccur or the products installed in an areawhich could be considered as outsidenormal operating conditions, thesuitability of the products is checked withIntumex Asia Pacific before installationcommences.

1ContentsFeatures/Advantages of DURASTEEL

Typical Applications Page 4

General Technical Data Page 5

System Applications

DURASTEEL For CommerceHigh-Rise Office Block Page 6~7Retail Mall Page 8~9Airport Page 10~11

DURASTEEL For Power GenerationNuclear Power Station Page 12~13Fossil Fuel Power Station With FGD Plant Page 14~15Fossil Fuel Power Station With CCGT Plant Page 16~17

DURASTEEL For IndustryManufacturing & Warehouse Complex Page 18~19

DURASTEEL HydrocarbonsOffshore Oil/Gas Production Platform Page 20~21Petrochemical Plant Page 22~23

DURASTEEL For TransportationUnderground Rail System Page 24~25

Introducing DURASTEEL Partitions & WallsFeatures / General / Overview Page 26~27

Types of ApplicationLow Radiation Fire Wall Page 28Insulated Fire Wall Page 29~30Fireblast Wall Page 31~32Fire Barriers, Spandrel Panels etc Page 33Valve Protection Enclosures Page 33

Introducing DURASTEEL DuctingFeatures / Types of Application / Fire Rating Performance Page 34Specification for Fire Resistant Ductwork & Plenums Page 35~37

Design ConsiderationsProvision of Natural & Mechanical Basement Smoke Vents Page 38~39Enclosed Basement Car Parks Page 40~41Non-domestic Kitchen Extract Ducting Page 42~43Smoke Extract Ducting For A Typical Commercial Building Page 44~45Dual Purpose Ventilation/Smoke Extract Ducting Page 46~47Pressurisation Ductwork Page 48~49Transformer Electrical Room Inlet Page 50~51& Extract Ducting For A Sub-surface Chamber

Types of ApplicationDuraduct SMT System Page 52~53Duraduct SMT Insulated System Page 54~55Duraduct LT System Page 56~57Vertical Ducts Page 58

Construction DetailsVariations Allowing Adaptability In Construction Page 59Self-Supporting / Suspended Plenum Ceiling Page 60Installation of Ancillary Items Page 61

Introducing DURASHAFT Vertical DuctingFeatures / Types of Application / Fire Rating Performance Page 62

Construction Details Page 63

Introducing DURASTEEL E&M Services ProtectionGeneral Page 64

Types of ApplicationVulnerable Services Enclosures Page 65Horizontal Barrier In Service Shaft Page 65Cable Tunnel Cross Barrier Page 66Smoke Extract Ducting System Page 66Cross Barrier In Cable Tunnel Page 66Modular Cable Corridor Including Cross Barriers / Escape Corridor Page 67Cable Trunking System Including Splitters & Access Panels Page 67

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Contents CONTINUED FROM PREVIOUS PAGE

Introducing DURASTEEL Ceilings & PlenumsFeatures / General Page 68~69

Types of ApplicationSelf-Supporting Membrane Ceiling With SUPALUX Page 70Suspended Plenum Ceiling Page 70Self-Supporting Double Layer Membrane Ceiling Page 71

Construction Details Page 72

Introducing DURASTEEL DoorsFeatures / General Page 73Product Selector By Market Sector Page 74Product Selector By Application Page 75

RangeBespoke Doorsets Page 76Durafire DD 120/240 Page 76~77Durafire DD 240 Slider Page 78~79Durafire DD 120 & 240 Shutter Page 80~81Durasecure DD 3/4/5 Page 82Durasecure DD Trap Page 83

OptionsVision Panels / Louvre Panels Page 84Handing Terminology Page 85

Frame & Fixing Details Page 86

Finish Options Page 87

Introducing DURASTEEL Blast Door/RangeDurablast DBD Page 88~89

Properties Page 90~91

Project References Page 92~94

Approval of Codes & Standards Page 95

Working With DURASTEELQuality Assurance / On-site Quality Control Page 95Composition & Manufacture Page 95Health & Safety / Handing & Storage Page 96Maintenance & Cleaning / General / Working / Decorating Page 96

3

Features/Advantagesof DURASTEEL

Strong.

Impact resistant.

Moisture resistant.

Maintenance free.

Requires no foundations.

Space saving.

Engineered for fast track construction.

Flexible installation.

Offers up to 6 hours fire protection.

Lightweight.

Employs only dry trade installationmethods.

Relocatable and suitable for retro-installation.

Proven 40-year design life.

Tested to Hose Stream ASTM E119 to5-bar pressure.

Tested to DIN 4102 to 4000J hardbody impact after fire test.

Ducting available in 1, 2, 3 or 4-sidedconfigurations with internal or externalflanges, with up to 4 hours fireresistance.

Non-combustibility with zero spread offlame.

Non-toxic.

Man made mineral fibre free.

Modular or kit form construction.

Loadbearing and non loadbearingconstructions.

Resistant to the most onerous firecurves, e.g. Hydrocarbon, Jet fire etc.

Ventilation ducts:

Smoke extract ducts

Kitchen extract ducts

Cable protection ducts

Service ducts

Walls:

Partitions

Service shafts

Lift enclosures

Cavity barriers

Ceilings:

Plenum chambers

Loadbearing ceilings

Membrane ceilings

Suspended ceilings

Lift or service shaft cappings

Industrials:

Valve box enclosures

Switch gear enclosures

Doors

Escape tunnels

Storage systems

Hatch covers

Fuel pipe protection

4

D U R A S T E E L i s acomposite panel of fibrere i n f o r ced cemen tmechanically bonded topunched steel sheets onboth surfaces. It isclassified as non-combustible in accor-dance with manynational and internationalstan-da rds and i sh i gh l y resistant tomoisture even whensaturated. It will notabsorb combustiblefluids and its fire resistantqualities are exceptional.

DURASTEEL is highlyi m p a c t a n d b l a s tresistant, which enablesit to withstand prolongedexposure to fire of thecellulosic, hydrocarbon orjet fire types. It can alsowithstand hose-streamactions and, because ofits very low moistureabsorption, it can be usedexternally and is notsuscep t i b l e t o t hedamage often caused bymoisture during the earlystages of delivery andinstallation of the system,or by sprinkler actuation.

DURASTEEL is a fit andforget system, whichrequires virtually nomaintenance.

Typical Applications

5General Technical DataTHICKNESS TYPE DURASTEEL 6.0mm DURASTEEL 9.5mm

SIZES 2500mm x 1200mm / 2400mm x 1200mm 2500mm x 1200mm / 2400mm x 1200mm

NOMINAL BOARD WEIGHTS AT AMBIENT CONDITIONS 16.8 kg/m2 21.0 kg/m2

THICKNESS TOLERANCE +1.5 to -0.0 mm +1.0 to -1.0 mm

LENGTH TOLERANCE +2.0 to -2.0 mm +2.0 to -2.0 mm

WIDTH TOLERANCE +2.0 to -2.0 mm +2.0 to -2.0 mm

FLEXURAL STRENGTH >185.9 N/mm2 (UDL load) >185.9 N/mm2 (UDL load)(Tested to the principles of BS 5669: Part 1: 1989)

FLEXURAL STRENGTH (In accordance with BS EN 12467:2000) 109 Mpa (Point load) 84 Mpa (Point load)

FLEXURAL MODULUS (In accordance with BS EN 12467:2000) 55 Gpa (Point load) 40 Gpa (Point load)

IMPACT STRENGTH (BS 5669: Part 1 / 1500mm drop) No failure No failure

IMPACT RESISTANCE (Projectile) 2793 J 2793 J

EFFECT OF 4000J HARD BODY IMPACT TEST PassAFTER FIRE TEST DIN 4120: Part 3

NATURAL MOISTURE CONTENT BY WEIGHT 6% 6%

MOSITURE ABSORPTION (Weight from NORMAL MOISTURE CONTENT) 6~7% 6~7%

MOISTURE MOVEMENT (35~85% RH) (BS EN 318: 2002) 0.2% 0.2%

MOISTURE MOVEMENT (65% RH to saturated) (BS EN 318: 2002) 0.2% 0.2%

WATERTIGHTNESS (BS 4624: 1981) Pass Pass

FIRE RESISTANCE AFTER 24 HOURS WATER IMMERSION Satisfactory(BS 476:Part 24: 1987)

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY AT 20OC (ASTM C518: 1991) 0.129 W/mOK

COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL EXPANSION (BS 1902: 1990) 15 x 10-6 k-1

MAXIMUM CONTINUOUS OPERATING 350OC 350OCTEMPERATURE (BS 7346: Part 2: 1990)

RADIANT HEAT REDUCTION THROUGH PANEL 9.30-2.53 (2948.0-802.0 Btu/ft hoF) 9.30-2.53 (2948.0-802.0 Btu/ft hoF)

SOUND REDUCTION INDEX 28.0 dB 29.7 dB

NON-COMBUSTIBLE (BS 476: Part 4: 1970) Yes Yes

MATERIAL OF LIMITED COMBUSTIBILITY Yes Yes

BUILDING REGULATIONS CLASSIFICATION Class 0 Class 0

SPREAD OF FLAME (BS 476: Part 7: 1987) Class 1 Class 1

BBA (British Board of Agrment) CERTIFICATION NUMBER 93/2929 93/2929

AIRFLOW Equivalent to Sheet Metal Ducting.

SHEET FINISHES Galvanised mild steel or stainless steel.

SYSTEMS FINISHES Galvanised steel or primed steelwork (special finished available upon request).

DOORS FINISHES Galvanised steel or primed steelwork (special finished available upon request).

High-Rise Office BlockDURASTEEL is the first choicepro-active fire protection for animpressively wide range ofstructures, including high-riseoffices and hotels, airports,retail parks, leisure complexes,public buildings and governmentinstitutions.

APPLICATIONS

A. Lift motor room:Electrical equipment protection

B. Stairwell pressurised ducting

C. Fresh air inlet/ducting system

D. Smoke extract riser (DURASHAFT)

E. Stairwell enclosures

F. Hazardous materials enclosure

G. Fire resisting compartment wall

H. Smoke/Purgingextraction ducting

I. Plenum ceiling smoke chamber

J. Reversible inlet/extract systemfor fresh air/smoke

K. Service riser (DURASHAFT)

L. Duct splitter

M. Liftshaft fire protection

N. Access panel

O. Kitchen extract ducting

P. Enclosure to dry riser

Q. Protection to cables andfuel pipelines

R. Smoke extract ducting

Other DURASTEEL applicationsmay be suitable in high-rise officeblocks; e.g. fire doors, fuel storageand boiler room enclosures,ceilings above liftshafts, ceilings tofan rooms, lift door transompanels, curtain wall fire breaks andpenetration seals.

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System ApplicationsDURASTEEL For Commerce

7System ApplicationsDURASTEEL For Commerce

Retail MallEnsure your safety when you shopand relax in a shopping mall. Thefire within the atrium is ventedthrough roof vents.

The fire beneath the walkway isvented through ducting whilewithin shop units it can be ventedto the rear using forced extraction.These ducting systems can beachieved using DURASTEEL board.

APPLICATIONS

A. Lift motor room:Electrical equipment protection

B. Service Riser

C. Liftshaft protection

D. Pressurised fresh air inlet/smoke extract ducting(DURADUCT)

E. Dry riser enclosure

F. Fan mounting within DURADUCT

G. Smoke extract ducting

H. Smoke extract ducting towalkways within atrium

I. Enclosure to createescalator pit

J. Fire resisting enclosure

K. Fire compartment walls

L. Fire door

M. Penetration seals

N. Escalator protection

O. Fire resisting ceiling

Other DURASTEEL applicationsmay be suitable in retail malls; e.g.cable trunking and curtain wall firebreaks.

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9System ApplicationsDURASTEEL For Commerce

AirportFor every airport operator, one itemwithin their mission statement is toprovide for the highest standard ofsafety in civil aviation and airportoperation. DURA-STEELs range ofsystems for airport is proven tomeet or exceed the most rigorousglobal statutory and legislativerequirements.

APPLICATIONS

A. Valve actuator enclosure tofuel pipeline

B. Liftshaft fire protection

C. Automatic flap door tobaggage conveyor

D. Penetration seals

E. Smoke extract ducting

F. Fire resisting enclosure

G. Trap doors

H. Fire door

I. Baggage conveyor enclosure

J. Pressurised fresh air inlet/smoke extract duct (DURASHAFT)

K. Passenger bridge protection

L. Plenum ceiling smoke chamber

M. Curtain walling fire break

N. Removable hatch cover

O. Smoke extract main duct

P. Heat shields to passenger cars

Other DURASTEEL applicationsmay be suitable in airports; e.g.duct splitters, riser shafts,transformer enclosures etc.

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11


In an industry where the concernfor environmental protection.coupled with increasing demandfor electrical power, bringsconstant technology developmentin both conventional and newapproaches to energy supply, onlya system such as DURASTEEL

has the flexibility to match theneed for innovative solutions.

APPLICATIONS

A. Penetration seals around steelpipes requiring flexible seals

B. Horizontal barrier inservice shaft

C. Fire wall with fire resistingdoors: Up to 4 hours

Nuclear Power StationD. Penetration seals around

cables into control rooms

E. Cable tunnel cross barriershowing the fire wall, fire doorand various seals

F. Smoke extractducting system

G. Radiation seals to steam pipes

H. Seismic gap sealingbetween buildings

I. Cable tunnel splitter wallwith cross barriers

Other DURASTEEL applicationsmay be suitable in nuclear powerstations; e.g. ceilings, trap doors,sliding doors, cable trunking,transformer bay walls, personnelscreens, staircase/lift enclosuresand switchgear protection.

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System ApplicationsDURASTEEL For Power Generation

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In todays world, reliable sources ofelectrical power are taken forgranted in many countries. As inall industrial settings, the risk offire is ever present.

DURASTEEL systems allow therisk of fire to be mitigated to alarge degree, ensuring compart-mentation continual functionality ofpower generation and thusuninterrupted power supply to bealmost guaranteed in the un-fortunate event should a fire occur.

APPLICATIONS

A. Smoke extract ducting system

B. Fire doors

C. Fire wall

D. Penetration seals undercontrol room

E. Cross barrier in cable tunnel

F. Modular cable corridorincluding cross barriers

G. Cable trunking systemincluding splitters andaccess panels

Other DURASTEEL applicationsthat may be suitable in FGD fossilfuel power stations; e.g. ceilings,trap doors, sliding doors,transformer bay walls, staircase/lift enclosures and switchgearprotection.

Fossil Fuel Power Station WithFlue Gas Desulphurisation Plant (FGD)

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DURASTEEL is non-combustible,will withstand prolong hydrocarbonor jet fire, it resists hose-streamfire-fighting, is impact andmoisture resistant, and does notemit smoke and toxic gases.DURASTEELs properties havebeen applied to our unique FireBlast Systems, developedspecifically for the hydrocarbonsindustries to withstand theeffects of up to 2 bar explosion.

APPLICATIONS

A. Personnel screen

B. Fire screen/enclosure

C. External fire screenaround transformers

D. Fire door

E. Penetration seals

F. Cross barrier in cable tunnel

Fossil Fuel Power Station WithCombined Circulation Gas Turbine Plant (CCGT)

Other DURASTEEL applications may be suitable in CCGT fossil powerstations; e.g. ceilings, trap doors, sliding doors, transformer bay walls,staircase/lift enclosures and switchgear protection.

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The need for effective protection ofpersonnel, plant, stores andproperty in industry and militaryinstallations is vital. DURASTEEL

is proven to contain fire withincompartments of a production areaor storage facility, thus allowingevacuation of personnel,minimising disruption of processesand preventing the destructionof valuable products.

APPLICATIONS

A. Smoke extract ducting

B. Fire resistant wall

C. Penetration seals

D. Large compartment fire wall

E. Fire doors

F. Storage cabinet

G. Automatic sliding door

H. Drying ovens/spray booth

I. Transformer screen

J. Fire and blast resistant wall

K. Stairwell enclosure

L. High-bay fire wall

M. Ceiling

N. Fresh air ducting system

O. Escape corridor

P. Enclosure

Q. Cable trunking

R. Engine test cell

Other DURASTEEL applicationsmay be suitable in manufacturingand warehouse complexes such asriser shafts (DURADUCT).

Manufacturing &Warehouse Complex

18

System ApplicationsDURASTEEL For Industry

19

System ApplicationsDURASTEEL For Industry

DURASTEELs light weight andstrength combine with itsresistance to hydrocarbon fire,blast, impact, jet fire, water andcorrosion to make DURASTEEL

systems the ideal choice for fireprotection on offshore productionplatforms and in potentiallyhazardous land-based environments.

APPLICATIONS

A. Blast and fire protection toTSR and control room

B. Penetration seals

C. Flare tip heat shield

D. Fire screen

E. Egg boxes

F. Fire wall

G. Fire door

H. Blast and fire protectionto pumps

I. Helideck protection

J. Galley area protection

K. Internal accommodation door

L. Stairwell enclosure

M. Exhaust ventilation ducting

N. Blast and fire protection toemergency electricity generator

O. Blast and fire protection toembarkation points/escapegenerator

P. Blast and fire protection tofire water pump and ring main

Q. Blast and fire protection toEmergency Shutdown Valve(ESV) system includingactuator and cabling

Other DURASTEEL applicationsmay be suitable in offshore oil/gasproduction platforms; e.g. fire andblast control cables PA system andcabling.

Offshore Oil/GasProduction Platform

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System ApplicationsDURASTEEL Hydrocarbons

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Petrochemical PlantIntumex Asia Pacific have usedtheir specialist technical andengineering skills to develop fireand blast protection for some ofthe worlds most vulnerableindustries, petrochemical plant isjust one of them. DURASTEEL

proactive fire resistant systemsand fire blast explosion resistantsystems combine to fortify andprotect vulnerable and hazardousareas to minimise the possibility ofa major disaster.

APPLICATIONS

A. Jetty and quayside protection

B. Valve actuator enclosure

C. Equipment separation

D. Fire screen/enclosureprotecting personnel fromhazardous areas

E. Stairwell enclosure

F. Protection of fuel pipesfrom fire underneath(e.g. vehicle fire)

G. Escape corridor

H. Transformer enclosure

I. Fire and blast resistant wall

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DURASTEEL is lightweight, robustand ideally suited to the externalenvironment of all trackside,station and rolling stock fireprotection requirements in roadand tunnels.

APPLICATIONS

A. Pressurised riser shaft(DURASHAFT)

B. Liftshaft protection

C. Plenum ceiling

D. Hoardings

E. Transformer screen

F. Fire door

G. Stairwell enclosure

H. Enclosure

I. Plenum ceiling

J. Service protection

K. Rolling stock protection

Underground Rail System

Other DURASTEEL applications may be suitable in underground rail syste;e.g. penetration seals, trap doors, fire wall, equipment room enclosure, cableducting and civil defence blast barrier.

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System ApplicationsDURASTEEL For TransportationInfrastructure

25

System ApplicationsDURASTEEL For Transportation

Infrastructure

26

IntroducingDURASTEEL Partitions & WallsFeatures Up to 6-hour fire resistance.

Impact resistant.

Unaffected by water.

Non-combustible.

No smoke or toxic gas in a fire.

Slim, space-saving profile.

Lightweight, no foundations.

Easily relocatable.

Hose-stream resistant.

Mechanical or seismicvibration resistant.

Suitable for retro-installation.

Low sound transmission.

Fast track buildability.

ABOVE: DURASTEEL undergoing 3.1Barhigh pressure hose stream test, inaccordance with ASTM E119requirements.

GeneralIntumex DURASTEEL walls and partitions can be designed and installed in various layoutand framing options to meet a multitude of needs. In todays construction markets the needfor systems which can perform multifunction roles, whilst capable of allowing for fast trackand cost effective installation are of prime importance.

The Intumex DURASTEEL partition and wall system can easily fulfil all of these roles.DURASTEEL walls have resistance to extreme impact, both before, during and afterexposure to fire. This ensures that under use, they suffer no damage from the ravages ofevery day exposure within warehouse situations for instance, under fire conditions theyprotect and maintain compartmentation, after a fire they ensure a building remains secureuntil remedial work can be undertaken.

As a real example of the effectiveness of the DURASTEEL walls, see the above photographs,one the right, before the fire, on the left, after the fire. The DURASTEEL wall separating thetwo sections of this factory performed exactly as designed, the morning following this fire,the bottling plant on the unexposed face of the wall was operating as usual, thus minimisingthe effects of the fire as much as possible.

Intumex DURASTEEL walls are swiftly installed; on most occasions they have norequirement for foundations or other special construction works. Installation is a dry tradethus there is no dislocation of other trades working in the same areas, therefore allowingfaster project completion.

DURASTEEL walls can offer both integrity only or integrity and insulation. Walls can bedesigned for supreme blast resistance and to meet most of the generally recognised firecurves, Cellulosic, Hydrocarbon, Jet Fire etc.

Intumex DURASTEEL walls combine extremely high levels of fire resistance with impact andwater resistance to similar high performance levels. They are proven to withstand the mostdemanding environments, temperature extremes and hostile elements, they resist highthermal shock, such as high pressure firemens hoses.

DURASTEEL walls and partitions can be used in applications such as separation ofhazardous areas, shielding for valve actuators, protection of escape routes and tunnels,construction of refuge areas, compartmentation within buildings and storage areas forhazardous goods or protection of equipment.

27

IntroducingDURASTEEL Partitions & Walls

DURASTEEL wall under-going 4000Jimpact resistance test following a fire testin accordance with DIN 4102: Part 3requirements. The top right picture showsa concrete block wall undergoing similartesting.

Where a cold smoke seal is required, the boards must be bedded on Intumex fire ratedsilicone or Intumex Acrylic Intumescent mastic. For demountable wall systems, to ensuresealants do not act as adhesives, a cold smoke seal composed of a 2mm thick strip ofIntumex PL Intumescent strip can be applied. For the integrity only systems, theDURASTEEL walls have been tested with the framework on both the exposed andunexposed faces, to fire, in order to show that the frame can be exposed without detrimentto the fire performance of the system.

The framing for the DURASTEEL wall systems must be securely fixed back to a substratethat has an equal or better fire performance than the designed wall. All fixings must be non-combustible, and must be those listed in the approval documents e.g. the correct type andgrade of Teks screws must be used, not cheaper equivalents. The expansion bolts fixing theframing to substrates should be of all steel fabrication and not of aluminium or plastic.

OverviewThe general arrangement of the proposedpartition system constructed fromDURASTEEL is shown on the followingpages.

When considering the design of walls, it isessential to consider the section size ofthe steel framing in conjunction withthe wind loading factors, expansionallowance, together with the height andspan of the wall, to ensure that under bothfire and ambient conditions, the wall willprovide the necessary designperformance.

The basic framing system comprises oflightweight steel sections, with a nominal3mm thickness, dependant on the otherdesign factors etc. All framing is eitherbolted, screwed or welded into position,again this would be dependant onlocation, performance parameters anddesign requirements.

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DURASTEEL Partitions & WallsTypes of ApplicationLow Radiation Fire WallLow radiation fire wall for construction where a high degree of stability and integrity arerequired, where insulation as measured upon the unexposed surface of the wall is notcritical, but where heat radiation from exposed to unexposed face could be of importance.Intumex DURASTEEL low heat radiation walls offer a reasonably lightweight construction,which is very narrow across its thickness.

Used in conjunction with the Intumex DURASTEEL pallet racking fire barrier system, Thiswall offers increased warehousing space and allows for racking to be placed practicallyagainst the Durasteel wall itself.

RADIATION CHARACTERISTICS

TemperatureFurnace 100mm

Period temperature from face

1 hour 945OC 115OC

2 hours 1049OC 136OC



OverviewSingle layer DURASTEEL fire walls canbe constructed using framing of eithersteel channels, Tee sections or back toback angle sections as shown in the twodetails here.

The type of framing system and thedimensions of the steel sections willdepend on the performance requirementsof the wall in terms of wind load, fireperformance, impact resistance etc. Inmost instances, DURASTEEL walls are ofa bespoke design. Please consult IntumexAsia Pacific for specific design details tosuit your project.

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DURASTEEL Partitions & WallsTypes of Application

Insulated Fire WallInsulated fire wall for construction where a high degree of stability, integrity and insulationare required during a fire. DURASTEEL insulated fire walls are designed to prevent thepassage of heat from a fully developed fire on the exposed face. The maximum permittedtemperature allowable on the surface of the unexposed face is 140OC as a meantemperature overall the surface, or a maximum temperature of 180OC at any one pointoverall the surface.

Please note this is different to the above low radiation walls where the temperature ismeasured 100mm away from the face as detailed on opposite page.

Insulated wall constructions should be used in areas where the following may occur:

Escaping personnel or fire fighters may have bodily contact with the wall surface.

If used as a wall lining to any escape route, for instance as an access tunnel withina factory.

If there are any volatile chemicals or materials stored within the vicinity of the firewall and which may ignite at low temperatures.

There is a need to improve compartmentation beyond simple integrity.

Continued on next page

30

DURASTEEL Partitions & WallsTypes of ApplicationInsulated Fire Wall Continued from previous pageThere are a number of methods ofconstructing insulated wall systems,three of which are depicted here. The firstsystem consists simply of a steel frame,DURASTEEL boards either side and amineral wool infill. The second is similarbut includes the addition of aDURASTEEL cover fillet over the steelframing which improves the insulation byreducing heat conduction across theframe. The third on the right usingmultiple layers of DURASTEEL.

Each option has its own benefits. The typeof system, thickness of DURASTEEL,type, thickness and density of the mineralwool, cover strips or not are all dependenton the fire and physical performancerequired from the system. Please consultIntumex Asia Pacific for specific details tomatch your project requirements.

COMPONENTS

1 Steel head and track framing.

2 Mineral wool, thickness, density andlayers dependant on fire performancerequirements.

3 Vertical steel framing positioned atnominal 1200mm centres. Note thatcentres and dimensions of framing canalter depending on physicalperformance requirements.

4 Intumex DURASTEEL boards, 6mm or9.5mm depending on performancerequirements.

5 Steel angles joining vertical tohorizontal framing members. Jointscan often be welded, depending onperformance requirements anddimensions of structure.

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Fireblast WallDesigned specifically to protect personnel and equipment from theeffects of explosion, fire, impact, and the effects of smoke and fumes inhazardous environments, such as offshore platforms, petrochemicalinstallations, chemical plants, military establishments, civil defenceworks and hazardous process plants.

Additional features of Fireblast fire and blast resistant walls:

Blast resistant, tested from 0.3 to 2 bar pressure.

Resistant to hydrocarbon fires, tested to H120.

Impact resistant to 4000J after 180 minute fire test.

Jet fire resistant (J60).

High energy absorption.

Purpose developed software produces individual designs inminutes.

Hose stream resistant to a 5 Bar high pressure hose. Inaccordance with DIN 4102 Parts 2 and 3 requirements. Fireblast is a structure made of rigid

steel sub frame with DURASTEEL fixed toboth sides. One of this systems majoradvantages is its eminent suitability forretro-installation, especially in confinedspaces, making Fireblast ideallyplaced for the improvement of safety onexisting structures, as well as on newinstallations. This DURASTEEL systemcombines light weight with exceptionalstrength, energy absorption anddurability.

Unlike many fire and blast resistantmaterials, DURASTEEL is noncombustible and will withstand anexplosion followed by a prolonged fire andstill be unaffected by hose stream firefighting. Its integrity remains unimpaired,ensuring continued protection against fire,impact and moisture as well as preventingthe escape of smoke and toxic gases.

DURASTEEL systems are tested up toH120 fire rating, and the systems can bedesigned to suit specific projectperformance requirements.


32

DURASTEEL Partitions & WallsTypes of ApplicationFireblast Wall Continued from previous pageAll Fireblast walls are individually tailored to suit specific project performancerequirements, please consult Intumex Asia Pacific for specification and construction details.

FIRE RATING PERFORMANCE

TYPE BUILDING & CONSTRUCTION OFFSHORE CONSTRUCTIONS

Single-skin Constructions 1-hour, 2-hour or 4-hour fire integrity AO, HO

A60, A120 -Double-skin Constructions 1-hour, 1.5 hours, 2-hour, 3-hour, 4-hour or Ratings for standard fire tests.

6-hour fire resistance H60 and H120 -Ratings for hydrocarbon fire tests..

Intumex DURASTEEL has designed and installed many purpose-built fire walls, which provideSpecials performance characteristics beyond fire resistance. All structures can be independently

assessed to ensure the required performance is achieved.

CONSTRUCTION DETAILS

PRIMARY FIRE ACOUSTICSPECIFIC APPLICATIONS PERFORMANCE PERFORMANCE PERFORMANCE

REQUIREMENT (minutes) Rw (dB)

Public and service corridors 120 (integrity) 30

Warehousing 240 (integrity) 32

Industrial buildings Impact resistance 240/60 42

Mass transit systems 240/120 47

Manufacturing facilities 240/240 52

Other areas subject to abnormally rough use

Off-shore facilities 120 minutes hydrocarbon fire 42

Petro-chemical industry Blast resistance 120 minutes hydrocarbon fire 47

Gas processing plant 60 minutes jetfire 52

Other areas subject to projectile or explosion risk

NOTE: Fire performance figures denote integrity and insulation performance respectively.Acoustic performance figures established by direct testing or by assessment.

For details of specifications and installation details, please consult your local DURASTEEL

distributor or your local Intumex Asia Pacific office.

33


Fire Barriers, Spandrel Panels etcSmoke kills more people in fires thanheat, flames or structural collapse. It istherefore recognised that occupant safetyin a fire can be greatly improved byproviding an efficient smoke extractionsystem. Part of an engineered smokecontrol system may involve the provisionof smoke reservoirs, the use of smokechannelling screens and smoke curtains.

Testing Standards for Smoke ControlEquipment Smoke curtains and screensshall meet the requirements of BS 7346:Part 3: 1990, which requires the screen towithstand a fire temperature of 600OC +/-20OC for a minimum of 30 minutes. TheDurasteel system has been tested tothe criteria of BS 476: Part 22, with itsmuch higher exposure temperaturerequirements and it provided aperformance in excess of 240 minutes.

DURASTEEL barriers can also be used inposition as Horizontal Wings at the headof fire walls, providing a barrier whichmakes it exceptionally difficult for fire tobreach a roof and thus leap over the topof the fire resistant wall system.

DURASTEEL panels can also be usedwithin Spandrel panel systems,positioned at the end of floor slabs inorder to prevent fire bridging gapsbetween floor slabs and curtain wallsystems.

For details of these applications, pleaseconsult Intumex Asia Pacific.

Valve Protection EnclosuresThe ability to isolate storage areas or to direct highly combustible fuels away from a heatsource through a series of protected valves is paramount in the event of fire.

When subjected to high temperatures, the plastic parts of a valve can easily be renderedinoperative, resulting in the valves inability to divert or arrest flow.

Intumex DURASTEEL can offer different methodsof protection for valves, dependent on therequirement. In certain circumstances, it may besufficient to protect the valve with a fire resistantshielding. In other cases, a more substantial formof protection may be required. In thesecircumstances, the valve can be fully enclosedwithin a DURASTEEL valve actuator box. Theseboxes have been designed to ensure the valvetemperature cannot rise by more than 30OC in 15minutes, or 30OC in 30 minutes, depending on thetype of DURASTEEL protection applied.

This level of integrity and insulation applies even when the actuator boxes are exposed totemperatures in excess of 1100OC, the test temperature selected to simulate the conditionsof a hydrocarbon spillage fire. 30OC was calculated as the maximum permissible increasedue to the extremely high ambient temperature experienced in the Middle East. Withtemperatures rising regularly above 40OC in Abu Dhabi for instance, the tested temperaturerise of the actuator has to be kept extremely low.

34

IntroducingDURASTEEL DuctingFeatures Fire resistant from either side.

Impact resistant.

Moisture resistant.

Space-saving.

Complete system.

Excellent structural strengthand integrity.

Suitable for internaland external locations.

Maintenance-free.

Can be prefabricated.

Low leakage.

Suitable for Class C pressuredifferential of -750 Pa and +3,500 Pa.

No dampers needed.

Protects services and maintainsfire integrity of compartment wallsand floors through which it passes.

Fast track construction methods.

Types of Application Smoke exclusion.

Smoke extraction.

Fresh air ventilation.

Kitchen extraction.

Protection of building services.

Pressurisation and purging.

Fire Rating Performance Up to 4-hour stability and integrity

from either side.

GeneralMaking the right choice of fire resistant ductwork is a minefield when legislativeconsiderations have to be borne in mind, a decision that is further complicated when eventhe phrase fire resistance and fire rated can have totally different meanings and aresometimes used as performance indicators.

Fire resistance can be thought to imply that the duct performance includes all threeparameters, Stability, Integrity and Insulation, whilst fire rated has no particularly definitivemeaning and is often confused with fire resistance which has significant implicationswithin the British Standards. This lack of clear definition alone creates a dilemma fordesigners who have to make a choice from sales literature that covers many differentproduct types and performances.

BS 476 : Part 24: 1987

When interpreting BS 476: Part 24, the standard that relates directly to the performance offire ducts, specifiers and designers also have to decide whether Type A (Fire outside only) orType B (Fire inside and outside) is required. The selection of Type A or Type B will depend onthe location of the duct and the type of fire risk in that particular area. It is vital that theymake the right choice as Type A ducts which are for resistance to fire outside only willrequire a much lower performance capability than the more onerous demands required fromType B ducts.

The versatility of the DURASTEEL range for ductwork means that customers can specifyeither Type A or Type B ducts and be safe in the knowledge that they have chosen a systemwhich fully conforms to the performance requirements of BS 476: Part 24.

BS 5588 : Part 9

DURASTEEL ducts comply with the method 3 construction in accordance with BS 5588:Part 9 The ductwork itself forms a protected shaft. The fire resistance may be achieved bythe ductwork material itself, or through the application of a protective material.DURASTEEL is self protective and requires no other form of lagging or protection.

35

IntroducingDURASTEEL Ducting

Specification for Fire Resistant Ductwork & Plenums The fire resistant ductwork shall be fabricated from DURASTEEL or equivalent

sheets comprising a composite laminated board with circular perforations.Monolithic boards shall not be accepted. The fire resistant ductwork / plenum shallbe either site or factory fabricated from fire resisting composite sheet materialcomprising of a fibre cement core mechanically bonded to outer skins of 0.5mmthick galvanised sheet steel.

The steel shall be punched to create circular perforations of nominal 5.5mmdiameter on nominal 17.5mm grid pitch, the steel being bent inwards to formtines which provide a mechanical key between the core and the steel sheets.The core and outer skins shall be pressed together to form a composite whichprovides strength in the sheet through tines embedded in the core. Thickness ofthe composite material shall be described as 6.0 or 9.5mm thick depending onstructural performance required.

The fire rated ductwork shall have up to 240 minutes fire resistance, tested to BS476 Part 24 (tested internally and externally) and further assessed by a UKASaccredited laboratory.

Smoke extract ductwork which passes from one fire compartment to another shallhave up to 240 minutes fire integrity, tested to BS 476 Part 24 Type B (testedinternally and externally). Also to be proven by independent certification that theresulting cross sectional area of the duct at the end of the test shall havemaintained at least 75% of its original cross section.

Pressurisation ductwork to escape stairways shall have up to 240 minutes fireintegrity, tested to BS 476: Part 24 Type A (tested externally).

Where fire resistant plenums are specified they shall have up to 240 minutes fireintegrity, tested to BS 476: Part 22 (tested internally and externally) and shallinclude all support systems and fixings.

Penetration seals around fire resistant ductwork shall be compliant with BS 476:Part 24 (i.e. they shall be installed as tested / assessed). Intumex Fire Seals shallbe used, as is current practice for sealing around DURASTEEL systems.

All necessary supports, joining strips, flanges and other accessories required forthe complete installation of the fire resistant ductwork / plenum systems shall besupplied by the same manufacturer as the Duct / Plenum fabricator.

Independently tested fire resistant sealed access hatches shall be provided in thefire resistant ductwork / plenums to allow access for cleaning and maintenance ofequipment such as fire dampers.


36

IntroducingDURASTEEL DuctingSpecification for Fire Resistant Ductwork & Plenums Continued from previous page

In addition to BS 476: Part 24 fire test requirements, the composite material usedin fire rated ductwork and plenum constructions shall have proven its suitabilityfor use, endorsed by independent certification (test or assessment), to the meetthe following performance parameters:

MECHANICAL TYPICAL VALUES TEST STANDARD

Flexural strength 84MPa 9.5mm DURASTEEL ambient BS EN 12467:2000

Flexural Modulus 40GPa 9.5mm DURASTEEL ambient BS EN 12467:2000

Impact strength No failure 1500mm drop BS 5669: Part 1:1989 Clause 21.4

MOISTURE TYPICAL VALUES TEST STANDARD

Absorption Weight from normal moisture content 6~7%

Movement from 35% RH to 85% RH 0.02% BS EN 318: 2002

Movement from 65% RH to saturated 0.02% BS EN 318: 2002

Watertightness Pass BS 4624: 1981

THERMAL TYPICAL VALUES TEST STANDARD

Thermal conductivity at 20OC 0.129W/mOK 9.5mm DURASTEEL ambient ASTM C518: 1991

Coefficient of thermal expansion 15 x 10-6 K-1 BS 1902: 1990

Maximum continuous operating temperature 350OC BS 7346: Part 2: 1990

FIRE TYPICAL VALUES TEST STANDARD

Effect of 4000J hard body impact test Pass DIN 4102: Part 3after the test

Non Combustibility Pass BS 476: Part 4: 1970

Effect of hose stream to 3.1 Bar Pass ASTM E119

Fire resistance after 24 hours Satisfactory BS 476: Part 24: 1987water immersion

Surface spread of flame Class 1 BS 476: Part 7: 1987

Building regulations classification Class O As defined in Approved Document B

Maximum tested fire resistance 360 minutes Various

Continued on opposite page

37

IntroducingDURASTEEL Ducting

Continued from opposite page Specification for Fire Resistant Ductwork & Plenums Many boards that have good fire properties and claim to be moisture resistant are

often rendered ineffective if they become soaked, perhaps by a leaking flange,condensation absorption, sprinkler actuation or services or building leakage. Thistest is vital to prove that the material will not explode as it goes through thermalshock as the hot gasses are drawn through the duct. If explosive delaminationoccurs, the systems fire resisting properties and ability to remove products ofcombustion are effectively lost.

Impact resistance is vital to support both the life expectancy of the system andresist damage during the build and delivery of the system. Unexpected siteconditions/delays often mean that ductwork sections will be stored on site incramped conditions where damage could occur, resulting in programme delays

Resistance to projectiles proves that during the operational life of the systemobjects that may be disturbed and/or thrown against the duct/plenum will notcause damage, hence preventing expensive maintenance and possible closure

Vibration resistance testing is required because many of the ductwork systemsmay be located in non-accessible areas of the building or surrounded by otherservices which may prevent effective maintenance of the installed system duringit's life. Operators will not want to carry out expensive out of hours inspections tothe systems to check for cracking or pressure loss which could be caused byvibration action / air pressure extremes incident from passing trains etc.

Non-combustibility and minimal smoke toxicity are vital characteristics of all thematerials used throughout buildings, but are of especial importance for systemsoperating in underground rail stations for instance.

Acoustic properties may be of vital importance where ducts pass through publicareas and helps stop drumming and airborne sound transfer

Leakage tests provide assurances as to the systems ability to retain its specifiedoperating pressure throughout its lifetime.

Airflow resistance test provide designers with information to allow fan sizing.

Strength testing will verify the materials Walk on strength, the materials strengthwhen wet and the resistance to delamination of the outer steel skins.

There are a number of differing DURASTEEL duct systems, all designed and fullytested so as to be able to offer a variety of systems and solutions suiting a widerange of construction needs and performance requirements. These are described inbrief in the following pages. For specific performance requirements and installationdetails, please consult your local Intumex Asia Pacific office.

38

DURASTEEL DuctingDesign ConsiderationsProvision of Natural & Mechanical Basement Smoke VentsSmoke and heat tends to escape frombasement areas via stairways and liftshafts. This makes escape, fire fightingand search and rescue more difficult.

Venting of basement areas reduces thisproblem and also provides the fireservices with the means to allow coolerair into the the basement which facilitatesaccess and smoke clearance.

A large modern building with a basementgreater than 200m2 in area and/or morethan 3 metres below ground level isunlikely to be catered for by naturalventilation alone. Basements of this sizeserved by mechanical smoke extractsystems must also be sprinklered.

NATURAL SMOKE VENTS

Where practicable each basementspace should have one or moresmoke vents.

Smoke vents 7 should be situated athigh level, evenly distributed aroundthe building perimeter, discharging toatmosphere.

Places of special fire hazard shouldhave separate vents.

Vent terminations 6 may have non-combustible break-out covers grilles orlouvres. Vents must not obstruct meansof escape.

The combined cross-sectional area ofall the smoke vents must not be lessthan 1/40th of the floor area of thestorey that they serve.

Vent ducts or shafts 7 shouldbe constructed of non-combustible fireresisting materials.

Where natural smoke vent shafts fromdifferent compartments of the samebasement storey, or from differentbasement storeys, are adjacent toeach other. They should be separatedby non-combustible fire resistingconstruction.

MECHANICAL SMOKE VENTS

The air extraction system should give atleast 10 air changes per hour.

The air extraction system 1 should berated at 300OC for 1 hour minimum. Thefan is to be located in a 1-hourminimum fire compartment if the fanroom is located within the building.

The duct system must activateautomatically, either by activation of thesprinkler system or by an automatic firedetection system.

Where the ductwork passes throughfire resistant walls or floors the systemmust have been tested to BS 476: Part24: 1987.

The system must retain 75% of itscross sectional area to be suitable foruse of smoke extraction purposes.Ref: BS 476: Part 24

A sprinklered system 5 shouldbe fitted to the basement storey(s)where a mechanical smoke extractsystem fulfils the main extractrequirements.

The protected shaft 2 encloses theductwork.

The air extraction system should giveat least 10 air changes per hour.

Penetration sealing 3 at compartmentwalls and floors is to be as used in firetesting of the duct system.Ref: BS 476: Part 24

The duct system identified withinthe protected shaft, plant room andbasement area may be upgraded withinsulating material over escape routes4 or adjacent to potential fire hazards,to provide full fire insulation to BS 476:Part 24.

39

DURASTEEL DuctingDesign Considerations

Provision of Natural & Mechanical Basement Smoke Vents

REFERENCE DOCUMENTS

BS 476: Part 24: 1987.

REPLACEMENT AIR

When mechanical smoke extraction is used the replacement airis usually provided by dedicated ducting not shown here.

NOTE

The smoke extract header duct runs around the basement athigh level often branching off in many directions. For clarity onlyone branch is shown here.

For details of system please refer to Types of Application.

40

DURASTEEL DuctingDesign ConsiderationsEnclosed Basement Car Parks (Mechanical Ventilation of Car Park)A commercial development may havemultiple level sub-surface or enclosedparking. This will require a mechanicalducting system to extract car exhaustfumes during normal usage via low leveldropper ducts and for the systems fan toincrease its extract volume in fireconditions to exhaust smoke from thehigh level collector ducting.

As an alternative to high level collectorducting, plenum ceilings may save spaceand avoid the costs of expensive civilsconstruction, see Plenum Ceiling page70. Resistance to impact and moisture isbeneficial for these vulnerable locations.

COMPONENTS

The air extraction system 1 should berated at 300OC for 1 hour minimum. Thefan is to be located in a 1-hourminimum fire compartment if the fanroom is located within the building.Ref: BS 5588: Part 9 (6.4.2)

The protected shaft 2 encloses theductwork.Ref: BS 5588: Part 9 (6.2.3)

Penetration sealing 3 at compartmentwalls and floors is to be as used in firetesting of the duct system.Ref: BS 476: Part 24Ref: BS 5588: Part 9 (6.4.9)

The duct system used within theprotected shaft, plant room andbasement car park areas may beupgraded with insulating material overescape routes 4 or adjacent to firehazards, to provide full fire insulation toBS 476: Part 24.Ref: BS 5588: Part 9 (6.4.3)Ref: BS 5588: Part 9 (6.5.2)

Low level dropper ducts 5 and highlevel header duct 6.

DESIGN PARAMETERS

Fire dampers should not be provided inextract ducting serving car parks.Ref: BS 5588: Part 9 (6.3.4.2)

All system components are to have aminimum melting point of 800OC. Noaluminium or fibre glass components.

The system should provide 6 airchanges per hour in normal operation.10 air changes in fire conditions andbe separated from any otherventilation system (other than anysystem providing normal ventilation tocar park).

Where the ductwork passes throughfire resistant walls or floors the systemmust have been tested to BS 476:Part 24: 1987.Ref: BS 5588: Part 9 (6.2.5.1)

The system should provide smokevents 50% at high level and 50% atlow level.

The system is to be designed to run intwo parts, extracting 50% each part,being able to run together orseparately.

Each part to have an independentpower supply which would operate inthe event of a failure of the main powersupply.

The system must retain 75% of itscross sectional area to be suitable forsmoke extraction purposes.Ref: BS 476: Part 24

41


Enclosed Basement Car Parks (Mechanical Ventilation of Car Park)

REFERENCE DOCUMENTS

BS 476: Part 24: 1987.

BS 5588: Part 9: 1999.

REPLACEMENT AIR

The replacement air is usually drawn down the entry ramp ormay be provided by dedicated ducting.

NOTE

The high level collector ducting runs around the car parktogether with its dropper ducts, it branches off in manydirections. For clarity only one branch is shown here.

The fire load for car parks is well defined and not particularlyhigh. Where a car park is well ventilated, there is a lowprobability of fire spread from one storey to another. Because ofthis, car parks are not normally expected to be fitted withsprinklers.


42

DURASTEEL DuctingDesign ConsiderationsNon-domestic Kitchen Extract DuctingThe most likely cause of fire within thekitchen of any commercial developmentis the overheating of oils and fats used infrying. This may be caused by the failureof temperature monitoring equipmentallowing the heated fuel to reach ignitiontemperatures.

Poor housekeeping, lack of maintenanceand careless working procedurestogether with the kitchens design layoutadd further to the risk of fire.

The fire resisting ductwork serving thekitchen must be able to safely conveypolluted air from the kitchen toatmosphere and also prevent an internalfire from spreading to othercompartments. It must also haveresistance against external fire in anothercompartment as this might otherwisedeposits such as grease within the duct.In order for the kitchen extract system tofunction correctly, it is essential thatprovision is made for replacement air (notshown on adjacent drawing here).

COMPONENTS

The air extraction system 1 should berated at 300OC for 1 hour minimum.The fan is to be located in a 1-hourminimum fire compartment if the fanroom is located within the building.Ref: BS 5588: Part 9 (6.4.2)

The protected shaft 2 providescompartmentation between the ductand other areas of the building. Otherducts located in close proximity to thekitchen extract duct within the shaftmay require consideration for cross-over fires with regard to the ductinsulation requirements.Ref: BS 5588: Part 9 (6.2.3)

Access panels 3 are fitted every threemetres for cleaning purposes and atbend.Ref: BS 5588: Part 9 (6.4.6.1)

The kitchen exhaust system is ofteninstalled uninsulated within theprotected shaft (without an insulatingouter covering). It may be upgraded toinsulated 4 over escape routes, withinplant rooms or adjacent to potential firehazards.Ref: BS 5588: Part 9 (6.4.3)Ref: BS 5588: Part 9 (6.5.2)

Penetration sealing 5 at compartmentwalls or floors should be as used in firetesting of the duct system.Ref: BS 476: Part 24Ref: BS 5588: Part 9 (6.4.9)

DESIGN PARAMETERS

Fire dampers should not be provided inextract ducting serving non-domestickitchens.Ref: BS 5588: Part 9 (6.3.4.2)

Horizontal runs of ductwork should belimited to prevent grease build-up.Ref: HVCA DW171 (14.9)

A grease trap/sump is to be installed at90O bends for draining purposes.Ref: HVCA DW171 (14.19)

Most kitchen extract ducts are locatedwithin a protected shaft. Where theduct exits this shaft and crosses otherrisk areas. Care must be taken thatthe duct is protected from external fireto prevent ignition of grease inside theduct. Fire insulation of the duct in riskareas should meet the additionalrequirements described for kitchenextract ducts.Ref: BS 476: Part 24 (Duct Type Aadditional requirements for kitchenextract ducts)

The duct must also provide duct Type Bfire resistance to BS 476: Part 24 inline with the kitchen compartmentrating for extraction of smoke from akitchen fire.Ref: BS 476: Part 24 (Duct Type B)

Ductwork carrying polluted air musthave separate and independentextraction with no re-circulation.Ref: BS 5588: Part 9 (6.4.6.1)Ref: BS 5588: Part 9 (6.5.6.2)

43


Non-domestic Kitchen Extract Ducting

REFERENCE DOCUMENTS

BS 476: Part 24: 1987.

BS 5588: Part 9: 1999.

HVCA DW171: 1999.

NOTE

DW171 (HVCA Guide for Kitchen Ventilation Systems)recommends that ductwork systems extracting from non-domestic kitchens are regularly cleaned. A fire suppressionsystem may be required by the Building Regulations but is notshown here.

For details of system please refer to Types of Application. Priorto installation it is advisable to confirm the ducts insulationrequirements throughout its route with the relevant authority.

44

DURASTEEL DuctingDesign ConsiderationsSmoke Extract Ducting For A Typical Commercial BuildingA typical commercial development willhave multiple levels/compartmentsrequiring smoke extraction.

Provision of smoke extract ducting assiststhe safe evacuation of the buildingoccupants whilst providing visibility in thefire compartment to aid the fire servicesin fighting the fire.

The main public area on each floor willvisually be designed as an individual firecompartment. The use of fireresisting/smoke extraction ductingsystems within this compartment ensuresthat effective smoke extraction is carriedout. When fire is detected, motorisedsmoke/fire dampers are operated by thebuildings fire control managementsystem. On the non-fire floors thesedampers are closed but remain openwithin the fire zone to enable smokeextraction from the area.

Additional supply air systems (not shownhere) provide air into the non-fire zones toaid escape and to repel smoke. Supply airducting is closed off within the fire zone.The use of smoke extraction ductingsystems, together with the buildings firecontrol management system, gives thefire services flexibility in fighting the fire.

COMPONENTS

The air extraction system 1 should berated at 300OC for 1 hour minimum.The fan is to be located in a 1-hourminimum fire compartment if the fanroom is located within the building.


Penetration sealing 3 at compartmentwalls and floors is to be as used in firetesting of the duct system.Ref: BS 476: Part 24

Motorised smoke/fire damper 4controlled by the buildings fire controlmanagement system.

The duct system used within theprotected shaft, plant room andbasement car park areas may beupgraded with insulating material overescape routes 5 or adjacent to firehazards, to provide full fire insulation toBS 476: Part 24.

Steel run-out ducting 6 is used forextracting smoke. Connected to grillesand feeding smoke and hot gases intothe main smoke extract ducting.Ref: BS 476: Part 24

DESIGN PARAMETERS

Must be capable of extracting smokeand partly combusted gases from thebuilding and discharging them toatmosphere.

Where the ductwork passes throughfire resistant walls or floors the systemmust have been tested to BS 476:Part 24: 1987.


GENERAL COMMENT

In line ancillary equipment such asattenuators, volume control dampers etcmust be fire resistant to the samestandard as the fire resisting ductwork.These items are normally encased in fireresistant materials and suspended ondrop rods installed to the same loadingrequirements used for the fire resistingductwork.

REFERENCE DOCUMENTS

BS 476: Part 24: 1987.

NOTE

Supply air ductwork is not shown here.

A sprinkler system may be required by the Building Regulationsbut is also not shown here.


45


Smoke Extract Ducting For A Typical Commercial Building

46

DURASTEEL DuctingDesign ConsiderationsDual Purpose Ventilation/Smoke Extract DuctingDual purpose systems are designed toprovide conditioned air into the buildingduring normal operation and to extractsmoke in the case of fire.

The conditioned air may require theducting to be thermally lagged tomaintain its temperature. It is vital thatthis lagging is made of a non-combustiblenon-toxic material due to its role as asmoke extract ducting.

These types of dual purpose systemsmay be a more economical solution whencompared to providing dedicated smokeextract systems.

In a fire, the buildings fire controlmanagement system operates to reversethe fans and separates the duct from itsconditioning function via change overdampers.

The fans extract volume increases to pullthe smoke from the fire compartment.

COMPONENTS

The air extraction system 1 should berated at 300OC for 1 hour minimum.The fan is to be located in a 1-hourminimum fire compartment if the fanroom is located within the building. Thechange over dampers 2 switch thesystem from supply to extract.


Penetration sealing 4 at compartmentwalls or floors is to be as used in firetesting of the duct system.Ref: BS 476: Part 24

Motorised smoke/fire damper 5operated via the buildings fire controlmanagement system.

The supply/extract system may beupgraded with insulating material 6over escape routes or adjacent to firehazards, providing full fire insulation toBS 476: Part 24 (Duct Type B).

Steel run-out ducting systems 7 areused for extracting smoke. Connectedto grilles and feeding smoke and hotgases into the main smoke extractducting.

DESIGN PARAMETERS

Must be capable of extracting smokeand partly combusted gases throughthe building and discharging them toatmosphere.

Where the ductwork passes throughfire resistant walls or floors the systemmust have been tested to BS 476:Part 24: 1987.


Ancillary equipment such asattenuators volume control dampersetc must be fire resistant to the samestandard as the fire resisting ductwork.These items are normally encased infire resistant materials and suspendedon drop rods installed to the sameloading requirements used for the fireresisting ductwork.

Care should be taken when selectingany thermal lagging that may berequired for dual purposeventilation/smoke extract ducting, withregard to combustibility.

REFERENCE DOCUMENTS

BS 476: Part 24: 1987.

NOTE

Supply air ductwork is not shown here.

A sprinkler system may be required by the Building Regulationsbut is also not shown here.


47


Dual Purpose Ventilation/Smoke Extract Ducting

48

DURASTEEL DuctingDesign ConsiderationsPressurisation DuctworkMost types of commercial developments willrequire the provision of escape stairwaysand corridors and may require fire fightingshafts. To ensure the supply of fresh air tothese vital areas during fire, pressurisationductwork may be installed within theprotected space or inside protected shaftsrouted through the building.

Where the ductwork runs through a firecompartment, fire resistant ductworkshould be used. The pressurised airinhibits the penetration of smoke into theprotected areas providing safe havensfor evacuation or for fire fighting access.

Fire dampers should not be used inpressurisation systems.

COMPONENTS

The pressure differential equipment i.e.fan, motor an control gear 1 should behoused:

a) in an enclosure with a fire resistance ofnot less than 60 minutes, preferably ina plant room separated from other planton or near the ground level and close tothe air supply intakes; or

b) at the roof level if the fire resistanceseparation between the plant roomand the building below is not less than60 minutes within 5 metres measuredhorizontally of any part of the pressuredifferential system equipment orenclosure.

Access doors to the enclosure shouldhave a fire resistance of not less than60 minutes and be self-closing.

Note: Where the pressure differentialsystem protects a fire fighting shaft thelevel of fire resistance should beincreased to 120 minutes.

COMPONENTS

Smoke control dampers 2.

The protected shaft 3 encloses theductwork.Ref: BS 5588: Part 9 (6.2.3)

Penetration seals 4 at compartmentwalls or floors are to be as installed asused in fire testing of the duct system.Ref: BS 476: Part 24Ref: BS 5588: Part 9 (6.4.9)

Supply ducting 5.

Supply ducting 6 that penetrates a fireresisting compartment should beprotected using the methods given inBS 5588: Part 9: 1999.Ref: BS 5588: Part 4 (11.1)Ref: BS 5588: Part 9 (6.2)

Steel ducting 7 may be used forsupplying air to the lobbies (forexample).

Fire fighting lift 8.

DESIGN PARAMETERS

Fire dampers should not be used inpressurisation ductwork.Ref: BS 5588: Part 4 (11.1)

The system must have been tested asDuct Type A to BS 476: Part 24: 1987.Ref: BS 5588: Part 9 (6.2.5)

Air intake positions are where possibleto be located on or near ground level.They should not be located near topotential fire hazards or in closeproximity to basement smoke ventdischarge points.Ref: BS 5588: Part 4 (11.1)

If located at roof level air intake mustbe taken from two sources located toface in different directions. Each inletmust be capable of providing the full airrequirements of the system. Each inletshould be protected by anindependently operated smoke controldamper 2 in such a way that if onedamper closes due to smokecontamination, the other inlet willcontinue to supply the air requirementsfor the system.Ref: BS 5588: Part 4 (11.1)

REFERENCE DOCUMENTS

BS 476: Part 24: 1987.

BS 5588: Part 4: 1998.

BS 5588: Part 9: 1999.

49


Pressurisation Ductwork

Transformer Electrical Room Inlet & Extract Ducting For A Sub-surface ChamberA typical major office or retaildevelopment will have transformer andelectrical rooms to provide additionalpower requirements and to ensure controlof emergency apparatus. If these arelocated sub-surface and cannot benaturally vented they will requiremechanical smoke extraction.

This graphic identifies the use ofDURASTEEL ducting systems and otherDURASTEEL applications that arecommonly specified to provide thenecessary fire and blast protection.Intumex Asia Pacific is able to provide aone stop shop solution for transformer/electrical room fire protection.

COMPONENTS

Fire Resistant Ducting 1 & 2

DURASTEEL natural ventilation andmechanical ducting systems are theperfect solution to be supply 3 andexhaust venting 4 of transformer andswitchgear rooms due to the materialsproven performance in resistingextremes of pressure.

Transformers may explode upon failureand the extreme pressure build-upfrom its explosion is contained by thechamber itself and is vented out toatmosphere via the chambersductwork. This extreme of pressure cancause the collapse of sheet steel ductsystems resulting in a failure to extractand contain toxic smoke.

Emergency generators need a steadysupply of fresh air to ensure operationin fire conditions; DURASTEEL supplyductwork remains intact following theblast and provides this essentialventilation.

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Penetration Seals 5

The fire sealing penetration sea aroundthe ductwork should be installed astested to BS 476: Part 24, in the case ofDURASTEEL systems this is withDURASTOP Original. This sealant isextensively tested and is used in powerstation applications in countries aroundthe world. Often, DURASTOP Original isused together with DURASTEEL sheetto seal openings around buildingservices in fire compartment walls andfloors. These panels may bedemountable for future access.

Blast/Fire Resisting Ceilings 6

The chamber may require theinsulation of a DURASTEEL blastceiling to improve the performance ofexisting structures. This blast barrierprevents debris from an explodingtransformer penetrating occupied areasabove. Each barrier is purposelydesigned to suit the individual location.

Demountable Fire Barriers

Fully demountable DURASTEEL

barriers allow for access to thechamber to replace equipment.Alternatively, loadbearing floor panelsor trap doors located in the floor abovethe chamber may be used. Fireresistance periods of 60 to 240 minutesintegrity and insulation are available.

Cable Enclosures 7

Cables entering/leaving the chambermay be protected in DURASTEEL

demountable enclosures. These may beinstalled in stages to suit the buildingprogramme. The support system can bedesigned to carry the weight of ladderracks, cable trays etc. Cables may beseparated by the installation ofDURASTEEL splitters.

Steel Doors 8

Fitting a DURAFIRE door to the chambercompletes the compartmentation.These steel doors provide security tothe chamber especially in remotelocations. Louvres providing airflow tothe chamber can be fitted to the doorleaf where specified. These may bedampered to shut down in fireconditions. Overhead or side panels canbe fitted together with demountabletransoms to allow the completeassembly to be removed for removal ofequipment.

Man sized access hatches with gasstruts are available to individual designand floor mounted plant room accessdoors for equipment removal can besupplied.

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NOTE

For details of system please refer to Types of Application onpage 52~58. For further information regarding DURASTEEL

Doors please refer to page 73~87.

A fire compression system may be required by the BuildingRegulations but is not shown on drawing here.

Most transformer chambers are naturally vented via acombination of civils construction and DURASTEEL

shafts/bulkheads 2.

Natural systems have no complicated components to fail duringthe vital period of time when smoke must be extracted from thebuilding. Additionally, the risk of damage to components by anypotential blast is removed.

Transformer Electrical Room Inlet & Extract Ducting For A Sub-surface Chamber

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DURASTEEL DuctingTypes of ApplicationDURADUCT SMT System

This system is constructed by thefabrication of a steel frame, which isencased in a single layer of DURASTEEL.The DURASTEEL thickness will be either9.5mm for fire resistance periods of up to240 minutes, or 6mm for fire resistanceperiods up to 120 minutes in terms of thestability and integrity criterion of BS 467:Part 24: 1987.

This system can be adapted to providethe insulation criteria by the inclusion ofvarying thickness and/or density ofmineral wool. Please consult Intumex AsiaPacific for details.

The dimensions of the steel anglesforming the flanges will be determined bythe fire resistance, the dimensions of theduct itself, and the air pressure withinthe duct.

Where boards are joined in positionswhere flanges are not appropriate, or forthe construction of small dimension ductswhere flanges are not a necessity, a steelflat bar, minimum 100mm x 3mm can beused to form the join.

The DURASTEEL material is fixed to theframe using self-drilling screws atnominal 200 mm centres, bedded onto abead of Intumex Fire Resistant AcrylicMastic. For use in wet areas, the use ofIntumex Fire Resistant Silicone Mastic isrecommended.

A DURASTEEL SMT duct system canincorporate all the elements one wouldusually wish to see in a standard ductsystem. These are shown in the drawingon opposite page and components asfollows.

1 Access panels to facilitate cleaningthe interior of the duct, or to allowmaintenance access to dampers etc.

2 Simple joining of sections using eithersteel angle flanges or the proprietyflanges shown in Durasteel LTsections.

3 Hanger support system. Standardhanger components can be used, theonly criteria being that for supportsystems not insulated against fire,specific stress levels should not beexceeded. Please consult Intumex AsiaPacific for assistance with the designof hangers systems.

4 Interior of the duct can be of eitherplain DURASTEEL sheet, which initself has a friction resistance nodifferent to that of standard galvanisedsteel, or can be lined, as inDURASTEEL LT system, with agalvanised sheet to provide a easyclean surface ideal for kitchen extractor clean room duct systems.

5 Air grilles etc can easily beincorporated within the system.

6 All joints easily sealed using IntumexSealants to ensure maximum air flowcharacteristics and leakage rates arewell within the requirements of DW144.

7 Angled corners or the constructionof transformation sections to ensuresmooth air flow with minimalturbulence within the duct.

8 A full system with superb impactresistance and other mechanicalproperties.

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DURASTEEL DuctingTypes of Application

DURADUCT SMT System

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DURASTEEL DuctingTypes of ApplicationDURADUCT SMT Insulated System

The construction of the DURADUCT SMTinsulated system is similar to theDURADUCT SMT system, with the additionof an external covering of mineral wool.This over cladding can perform a numberof functions, two of which are:

Where used as an air conditioningsystem, provides insulation to preventcondensation.

Under fire conditions, ensures thesystem meets the insulation criteriaappropriate to BS 476: Part 24: 1987.

1 The steel support system will varydepending on the fire resistance andthe size and weight of the ductwork.No additional fire protection to thesupport system is required if thecorrect design is used. Please consultIntumex Asia Pacific for details.

2 Any duct system tested, has a specificdesign of penetration seal, this istested as part of the duct system andin all instances, the installation of thepenetration seal forms part of theductwork installation. Please consultIntumex Asia Pacific for details.

3 DURASTEEL duct with high impactand mechanical resistance.

4 Internal steel angle framing sections,dimensions dependant on the size andfire resistance of the duct.

5 Flange system, steel angles orDURADUCT LT propriety flange system.

6 Mineral wool, thickness and densitydependent on the fire resistance andoperating condition performancerequirements.

7 Mineral wool fixing system, type offixings depend on whether insulationhas to function under ambientconditions only, or fire AND ambientconditions.

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DURADUCT SMT Insulated System

NOTE

Mineral wool cover fillets andcollars have been omitted forclarity. If used as a kitchenextract duct, an internal steelliner is recommended for ease ofcleaning.

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DURASTEEL DuctingTypes of ApplicationDURADUCT LT System

DURADUCT LT is a fast track and economicalDURASTEEL based fire resisting ductworksolution which combines airflow and easycleaning characteristics of standardgalvanised steel ductwork with the armourplated comfort of FIT & FORGET DURASTEEL.DURADUCT LT is a tried and tested ductworksolution suitable for natural or mechanicalventilation, smoke vents, pressurisationductwork and kitchen extract ducts.

The DURADUCT system can offer up to 240minutes fire resistance in terms of bothintegrity and insulation criteria of BS 476: Part24: 1987, depending on the systemcomponents.

DURADUCT consists of a duct constructedusing 6mm DURASTEEL boards withfinishing trim angles. The system is installedusing a propriety flange system. The inside islined with a galvanised steel sheet. The totalsystem thickness is approximately 7.5mm.

Detail below depicts proprietary flangesystem for Duraduct LT system.DURASTEEL slips into flange and fixedinto position. Flanges joined by caps andbolts.

Section showing section end flange ingreater detail is as on the left.

Note that for angled sections, jointsshould be backed using steel plate, foldedto correct angle, minimum 50mm overlap.

The following system detail shows proprietryflanges at each opening of the duct,ready for connection to adjacentsections, with external trimmingangles to ensure neatfinish and airtightconstruction.

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DURADUCT LT SystemWhen constructing wide ducts, it may be necessary to provide stiffeners to ensure aminimum of 75% of the cross sectional area is maintained under fire conditions. This is ofparticular importance for smoke extraction systems. Please consult Intumex Asia Pacific forprecise construction details.

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DURASTEEL DuctingTypes of ApplicationVertical Ducts

Both DURADUCT SMT and DURADUCT LTsystems for all fire performancerequirements can be installed in a verticalorientation.

Support for verticalducts can be atfloor slab levels, offor large ductsand/or long dis-tances betweenslabs, supportbrackets can becantilevered fromthe vertical struc-ture of the buildingas detailed here.

Detail right depicting cantilevered supportframing.

Detail below depictingsupport from floorslab.

Dimensions and typeof support framingdepend on thefire resistance per-formance, the sizeand weight of theductwork being sup-ported, minimum un-protected supportsystem stress levels.

Please consult yourlocal Intumex AsiaPacific office fordesign details.

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DURASTEEL DuctingConstruction DetailsVariations Allowing Adaptability In Construction

Ducting may be constructed in 2, 3 or 4-sided versions. This versatility can save space,programme time and material cost when applicable. Care must be taken if the buildingstructure is intended to maintain pressure as part of the ductwork system. In addition, anystructure to which the DURASTEEL system is affixed must have a fire resistance at leastequal to that of the duct system itself.

2-sided application using structuresoffit as other two sides.

Single sided application using centralhanger support.

Single sided application no hangersupport.

4-sided application using drop rods andcradle angle support.

3-sided application using structuresoffit as 4th side.

4-sided large duct, with stiffeners toensure cross section of duct ismaintained.

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DURASTEEL DuctingConstruction DetailsSingle membranes installed across shortspans can form plenum chambers or offerprotection to other services. Larger spansare installed on a support systemcomprising of steel drop rods. Flexiblejoints are available to span buildingmovement lines.

Self-SupportingPlenum CeilingThe suspended plenum ceiling detailedon the right is self-supporting. Thestructure 4must have a fire performanceat least equal to the plenum itself, theDURASTEEL sheets 1 will be either6mm or 9.5mm dependant on fireperformance requirements. The perimeterangle 3 is bolted to the structure usingnon combustible expansion bolts atnominal 600mm centres, the framingsection 2 dimension depend on the spanof the plenum and the operating pressureit is to withstand.

SuspendedPlenum CeilingFor wide spans, it may be moreeconomical to use a ceiling plenum withhanger supports rather than increasesteel section dimensions beyond practicallimits. The steel section sizes 3 can beminimised using this method, providedthe hanger support system 2 is adequateand does not exceed permitted stresslevels for unprotected sections. Pleaseconsult Intumex Asia Pacific for details.The DURASTEEL 1 is fixed to theframework in the normal fashion.

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DURASTEEL DuctingConstruction Details

Installation of Ancillary ItemsAll types of typical ductwork ancillary items can be installed within DURASTEEL ductworksystems without impairing the fire performance of the systems.

All types of damper systems can be usedwhere appropriate, with provision for accessto these items for maintenance purposes.Details on the right show installation ofdampers within DURADUCT systems.

Details below show how items such as VCU, Silencers etc can be housed within theDURASTEEL ductwork systems. For specific construction details, please consult your localIntumex Asia Pacific office.

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IntroducingDURASHAFT Vertical DuctingFeatures Maximises lettable floor area.

Requires up to 40% less floor spacethan conventional multi-serviceriser systems.

Eliminates the need forinternal thin-gauge steel ducting.

Fire resistant inside andoutside the duct.

Splitters replace independent ducts.

Very early installation.

No protruding fixings on internal face.

Complete fire and smoke sealat every floor.

Pressure resistance:+/- 2 kPa Classes A, B or C to DW 144*.

Prefabrication of complete sectionswhere appropriate.

Direct fixing of serviceseliminates secondary supports.

Excellent acoustic insulation.

Dampers and fans can be incorporated.

Fast construction method.

*DW144: Specification for sheet metalducting published by the Heating &Ventilating Contractors Association.

Fire Rating Performance 4-hour integrity and stability with

1 or 2-hour insulation (either side).

Types of ApplicationDURASHAFT is a revolutionary pressurized shaft system developed for todays high-risebuildings. It eliminates the need for internal steel ducting, releasing more usable floor areaand is robust enough to withstand the construction environment, enabling it to be installedearly in the building programme.

DURASHAFT is a vertical duct construction, which can run through the entire height of abuilding uninterrupted.

An example of DURASHAFT construction is as below, see drawings on the opposite page.

9.5 mm thick DURASTEEL sheet with outer plasterboard lining.

DURASHAFT is a fully tested construction, capable of withstanding high differentialpressures (+/- 2kPa) and spanning up to 4000mm story heights (floor to floor).

The precise configuration for each project is designed as a bespoke system, considering allperformance requirements such as applied pressures, leakage parameters and crosssectional area.

If required, the design can incorporate additional sub assemblies such as side inlets, accessand inspection panels, fire dampers and fans.

DURASHAFT is assembled on site from component parts, consisting of the innerDURASTEEL skin 1 providing a tough impact resistant inner liner, an external exoskeletonframing 3 especially designed to meet project performance parameters, and an externalgypsum liner 2 providing enhanced acoustic and insulation performances. The whole isfixed at each floor slab level by means of steel brackets.

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DURASHAFT Vertical DuctingConstruction Details

A

B

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IntroducingDURASTEEL E&M Services Protection

GeneralEssential electric cables and lines require reliable fire protection: firstly to ensuremaintenance of cable function and secondly to prevent fire transmission in the event of acable fire.

The possible increased fire risk from inflammable liquids or gases in pipes in the presenceof a building fire can be effectively reduced by means of a fire resisting encasement.

PVC or other combustible drainage and water supply pipe work and flues which passthrough separating elements of construction may also need fire resisting encasements tomaintain the integrity of the fire resisting element of construction.

Where electrical and mechanical services such as cables and pipes pass through high riskareas, they often require protection against fire attack. Enclosures formed by DURASTEEL

form two functions.

1) They ensure that compartmentation is maintained should there be any risk of degradationof services leading to openings within the structure.

2) They can provide protection to ensure critical services continue to maintain their functionunder fire conditions.

DURASTEEL services enclosures offer benefits as follows:

Easily retro fitted around existing cables and services.

Sufficiently strong enough to directly support cable trays without risk of cracking orbreaking of the boards.

The DURASTEEL outer board has inherent EMC shielding capabilities, making it ideal forcommunication, Power and IT networks.

Splitters can easily be incorporated to allow separation of high and low voltage power andcommunication cables, splitters aid maintaining compartmentation.

Can be installed in phases.

Easily demountable in sections if so designed.

Withstands extremes of air pressures.

Suitable for installation

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