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The evolution of roman frontier defence systems and

forti�cations the lower danube provinces in the �rst and

second centuries AD

Karavas, John

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Karavas, John (2001) The evolution of roman frontier defence systems and forti�cations the lower danube

provinces in the �rst and second centuries AD, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at DurhamE-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3957/

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2

THE EVOLUTION OF ROMAN FRONTIER DEFENCE SYSTEMS AND FORTIFICATIONS

IN THE LO\VER DANUBE PROVINCES IN THE FIRST AND SECOND CENTURIES AD

Volume II

JOHN KARA VAS UNIVERSITY COLLEGE

The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published in any form, including Electronic and the Internet, without the author's prior written consent. All information derived from this thesis must be acknowledged appropriately.

Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Classics and Ancient History

University of Durham Epiphany 2001

ABBREVIATIONS

AA

ACMIT

ActaAntHung

ActaArchHung

ArchHung

ActaClDebrec

AE

AErt

AIJA

AISC

Alba Regia

AMN

AMP

Ancient Bulgaria

ANRW

Apulum

ArchJug

ArchPv/

Arhev/vski Vestnik

Arh.Preg/ed

ArhSol

ARiv!SI

Archaeologia Aeliana

Anuarul Cornisiunii Monumentelor Jstorice sectia pentru Transilvania

Acta Antiqua Acaderniae Scientiarum Hungaricae

Acta Archaeologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae

Dissertationes archaeologicae Musei Nationalis Hugarici a concils archaeologorum Academiae Scientiarurn Hungaricae reductae ·

Acta Classica Debreceniensis

L 'Annie Epigraphique

Archaeologiai Ertesito

Universitatis Scientiarum

Anuarul Jnstitutului de Istorie si Arheologie din Cluj-Napoca

Anuarullnstitutului de Studii Clasice

Alba Regia. Annates Museu Stephani Regia

Acta Musei Napocensis

Acta Musei Porolissensis

Ancient Bulgaria - Papers presented to the International Symposium on the Ancient History and Archaeology of Bulgaria, ed. A Poulter (1983).

Aufstieg und Niedergang der rdrnischen Welt

Apulum. Acta Musei Regionalis Apulensis. Muzeul Unirii din Alba Julia

Archaeologia Jugoslavica

Polska Akadernia Nauk. Jnstytut historii kultury materialnej. Archaeologia Polona

Arheoloski Vestnik, Ljubljana

Arheoloski Pregled

Arheologija, Sofia

Academia Rornana. Mernorii/e Sectiunii Istorice

~+\ ·~-

AUB

Banatica

BAR

BJb

Bi\;fi

Britannia

Budapest !vfuemlekei

BudReg

Chiron

CIL

ComArchHung

Cumidava

Dacia

Dacia N.S.

DIVR

DissArch

DissPann

Drobeta

Eirene

Ephemeris Napocensis

File de Istvrie

Gernwnia

!DR

ILS

Ilv!S

INM Ruse

!Si'v! v

Analele Universitatii Bucuresti

Banatica. Muzeul Judetean Resita

British Archaeological Reports

Bonner Jahrbucher des Rheinischen Landesmuseums in Bonn und des Vereins von Altertumsfreunden im Rheinlande

Buletinul Comisiunii Monumentelor Istorice

Britannia. A Journal of Romano-British and Kindred Studies

Magyarorszag Muemleki Topograjiaja

Budapest Regisegei

Chiron. Mitteilungen der Kommision fur Alte Geschichte und Epigraphik des Deutschen Archaologischen Instituts

Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum

Communicationes Archaeologicae Hungariae

Cumidava. Muzeul Judetean Brasov

Dacia. Recherches et decouvertes archeologiques en Roumanie

Dacia. Revue d' archeologie et d' his to ire ancienne

Dictionar de Istorie Veche a Romaniei

Dissertationes Archaeologicae

Dissertationes Pannonicae

Drobeta. Muzeul Regiunii "Portile de Fier"

Eirene. Studia Graeca et Latina (Praha)

Ephemeris Napocensis. Institutul de Arheologie si Istoria Artei, Kluj-Napoca

File de Istorie. Muzeul Judetean Bistrita

Germania. Kommision Instituts

Anzeiger der Rdmisch-Germanischen des Deutschen Archaologischen

Inscriptiile Daciei romane

Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae

Inscriptions de Ia Mesie Superieure

Izvestia na Narodnia Muzei u Ruse

Inscriptiones Skythiae Minoris, val. v, ed. E. Dorotiu­Boila

2

Istros

Itin.Ant.

Izv. Varna

JRS

Klio

Latomus

Limes u Jugoslaviji

Limeskongress

Limeskongress 3

Limeskongress 5

Limeskongress 6

Limeskongress 7

Limeskongress 8

Limeskongress 9

Limeskongress 10

Limeskongress 11

Limeskongress 12

Limeskongress 13

Limeskongress 14

Limeskongress 15

Jstros. Revue roumaine d' acrheologie et d' histoire ancienne

Itinerarium Antonini. Ed. K. Miller ( 1916).

Izvestia na Narodna Muzei u Varna

Journal of Roman Studies

Klio. Beitrage zur A/ten Geschichte

Latomus. Revue d' Etudes Latines

Limes u Jugoslaviji I Beograd 1961. Zbornik Radova sa Simposiuma o Limesa 1960 godine.

The Congress of Roman Frontier Studies, Durham 1949 (1952).

Vortrage des 3. Internationalen Limeskongresses in Rheinfelden!Basel1957 (1959).

Quintus Congressus Internationalis Limitis Romani Studiosorum, Zagreb 1961 (1963).

Studien zu den Militargrenzen Roms I. Vortrage des 6. Internationalen Limeskongresses in Siiddeutschland 1964. Beihefte Blb 19 (1967).

Roman Frontier Studies 1967. The Proceedings of the Seventh International Congress held at Tel Aviv (1971).

Roman Frontier Studies 1969. Eighth International Congress of Limesforschung, Cardiff 1969 ( 197 4 ).

Actes du IXe Congres International d'Etudes sur les Frontieres Romaines, Mamaia 19 72 (197 4 ).

Studien zu den Militargrenzen Roms II. Vortrage des 10. International en Limeskongresses in der Germania Inferior, Xanten 1974. Beihefte Blb 38 ( 1977).

Akten des XI. Internationalen Limeskongresses, Szekesfehervar 1976 ( 1977).

Roman Frontier Studies 19 79. BAR Int. Ser. 71 (1980).- [Stirling]

Studien zu den Militargrenzen Roms III. Akten des 13. Internationalen Limeskongresses, Aalen 1983 ( 1986).

Akten des 14. Internationalen Limeskongresses 1986 in Carnuntum. Der romische Limes in Osterreich 3612 ( 1990)

Roman Frontier Studies 1989. Proceedings of the XVth International Congress of Roman Frontier Studies (1991 ). - [Canterbury]

3

Limeskongress 16

Limeskongress 17

Marisia

Materiale

Materij"ali

Muzeul National

Oltenia

Osjecki Zbornik

Pontica

Potaissa

Ratiarensia

RlSBC

RPh

RVM

Sargetia

SClV(A)

Sirmiwn I

Slv!MlA'f

SovArh

Specimina Nova

Starinar

Studii. Revista de istoria

Tab.Peut.

Thraco-Dacica

Tibiscus

TIR

Vjesnik VAll

Roman Frontier Studies 1995. Proceedings of the XVIth International Congress of Roman Frontier Studies ( 1997).

Proceedings of the I ih International Congress of Roman Frontier Studies, Zalau 1997 (in print)

Marisia. Muzeul Judetean Mures

Materiale si Cercetari Arheologice

Materijali. Arheolosko Drustvo Jugoslavije

Muzeul National. Muzeul de Istorie a R.S. Romania

Oltenia. Studii si comunicari de Istorie

Osjecki Zbornik

Pontica. Studii si comunicari de istorie, arheologie si muzeografie. Muzeul de Istoria Nationala si Arheologie Constanta

Potaissa. Studii si comunicari. Muzeul de lstorie Orasenesc Turda

Ratiarensia. Studi e Materiali Mesisci e Danubiani

Revista Institutului Social Banat-Crisana

Revue pe Philologie

Rad Vojvodjanskih Muzeja

Acta Muzei Devensis. Hunedoara, Deva

Buletinul Judetului

Studii si Cercetari de Istorie Veche (si Archeologie)

Sirmium I: Archaeological excavations in Syrmian Pannonia (1971)

Studii si Materiale de Muzeografie si lstorie Militara

Sovjetskaya Arheologij"a

Specimina Nova. Dissertationum Instituto Historico Universitatis Quinqueecclesiensis de lana Pannonio nominatae

Starinar Srpskog Arheoloskog Drustva

Studii. Revista de Istorie, Bucuresti

Tabula Peutingeriana. Ed. E. Weber (1976)

Thraco-Dacica. Institutul de Thracologie

Tibiscus. Muzeul Banatului Timisoara

Tabula Imperii Romani

Vjesnik Vojnog Muzeja

4

Zbornik FFB

Zbornik NMB

ZPE

Zbornik Filosofski Fakultet Beogradu

Zbornik Narodnog Muzeja Beogradu

Zeitschrift fur Papyrologie und Epigraphik

5

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10

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II

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12

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Gudea, "Bretcu" N.Gudea, "Castrul roman de la Bretcu. Incercare de monographie", Ai\1P 4 ( 1980), 255-334.

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71

FORT FLAVIAN PERIOD TRAJAN HADRIAN MIDDLE OF SECOND CENT.

ULCISIA CASTRA coh. I Thracum c.R. AQUINCUM Legio II Adiutrix Legio II Adiutrix Legio II Adiutrix Legio II Adiutrix

ALBERTFALVA Legio II Adiutrix (det}_? ? ala I Flavia Augusta Milliaria ala I Flavia Augusta Milliaria CAMPONA ala I Tungorum Frontoniana ala I Tungorum Frontoniana ala I Thracum veteranorum sagg. ala I Thracum veteranorum sa_gg_.

MATRICA ala Scubulorum ala Scubulorum coh. I Alpinorum equitata coh. I Alpinorum equitata

(u_g_to 102/106 ADl? VETUS SALINA ? coh. II Al~norum coh. Ill Batavorum milliaria coh. Ill Batavorum milliaria

INTERCISA ala I Augusta lturaeorum coh. I Alpinorum equitata ala I August lturaeorum ? ala I August lturaeorum ? ? coh. I Thracum Germanica coh. I Thracum Germanica ANNAMANTIA

leg. II Adiutrix (det)? leg. II Adiutrix (det)? LUSSONIUM ? coh. I Alpinorum peditata coh. I Alpinorum peditata coh. I Alpinorum peditata ALTA RIPA ala Siliana ala Siliana

ala I Brittonum (Britannica) c.R ala I Brittonum (Britannica) c.R coh. I Noricorum coh. I Noricorum coh. I Noricorum

ALISCA coh. II Nervia Brittonum mill. (det. during Dacian wars)

AD STATUAS coh. Ill Lusitanorum coh. Ill Lusitanorum coh. Ill Lusitanorum LUGIO coh. II Asturum et Callaecorum ? coh. VII Breucorum coh. VII Breucorum coh. VII Breucorum

ALTINUM coh. I Lusitanorum coh. I Lusitanorum coh. I Lusitanorum coh. I Lusitanorum coh. VII Breucorum * coh. II Augusta Thracum coh. II Augusta Thracum

AD MILITARE coh. II Asturum *

I leg. II Adiutrix *

TEUTOBURGIUM ala II Hispanorum Aravacorum ala I praetorium c. R. ala I praetorium c.R. ala I praetorium c.R. !

ala I c.R. CORNACUM coh. I Montanorum coh. I Montanorum coh. I Montanorum coh. I Montanorum

BONONIA ? ? ? coh. I Campanorum voluntariorum

ACUMINCUM coh. I Campanorum voluntariorum (detachment)

RITTIUM coh. II Asturum et Callaecorum coh. II Asturum coh. II Asturum coh. II Asturum coh. VII Breucorum Classis Pannonica ? Classis Pannonica ? Classis Pannonica ?

BURGENAE coh. I Thracum c. R. co h. I Thracum c. R. TAURUNUM Classis Pannonica Classis Pannonica Classis Pannonica

- -- -- - -

TABLE 1. TROOP DISTRIBUTION IN PANNONIA INFERIOR

FORT JULIO-CLAUDIANS FLAVIAN PERIOD MIDDLE OF SECOND CENTURY

SINGIDUNUM Legio IV Flavia Legio IV Flavia TRICORNIUM Cohors I Flavia Bessorum Cohors I Pannoniorum equitata

AUREUS MONS Unknown Legio IV Flavia (det)

MAR GUM Classis Flavia Moesica Legio IV Flavia (det) ?

Classis Flavia Moesica

VIMINACIUM Legio VII Claudia Legio VII Claudia I

Cohors Ill Campestris LEDERATA Cohors II Hispanorum Unknown

PIN CUM Legio IV Flavia (det) Legio IV Flavia (det)

Legio VII Claudia (det) Legio VII Claudia (det) CUPPAE Cohors I Flavia Hispanorum milliaria equitata Cohors V Hispanorum equitata

NOVAE Leg. IV Skythica (det) Cohors I Montanorum c. R. (?) Cohors I Montanorum c. R.

Leg. V Macedonica (det) SAL DUM Unknown Unknown SMORNA Cohors I Lusitanorum (det) ? Cohors I Lusitanorum (det) ? RAVNA Unknown Unknown

TALIATAE Cohors I Raetorum (?) Cohors I Raetorum Cohors I Lusitanorum

Classis Flavia Moesica H. VODENICA Unknown Unknown

Cohors V Gallorum equitata Cohors V Gallorum equitata TEKIJA Legio VII Claudia (det) (Cohors IX Gemina Voluntariorum)

Classis Flavia Moesica Cohors VI Thracum (equitata) Classis Flavia Moesica

DIANA Legio VII Claudia (det) Legio IV Flavia (det)

PONTES Cohors Ill Brittonum ~ Cohors Ill Brittonum (?) Cohors I Cretum Saggitariorum Cohors I Cretum Saggitariorum

EGETA Legio VII Claudia (det) : Legio VII Claudia (det) Classis Flavia Moesica Classis Flavia Moesica

AQUAE Cohors I Cantabrorum ?

Classis Flavia Moesica DORTICUM Cohors I Cretum Sag. ? Unknown Unknown BONONIA Cohors I Cisipadensium Cohors I Cisipadensium Cohors I Cisipadensium

RATIARIA Legio VII Claudia (det) Legio VII Claudia (det) Legio IV Flavia (det) Legio IV Flavia (det)

TABLE 2. TROOP DISPOSITION IN MOESIA SUPERIOR

FORT JULIO-CLAUDIANS FLAVIAN PERIOD MIDDLE OF SECOND CENTURY

Ala Augusta ala Augusta ? AUGUSTAE

Ala Capitoniana VARIANA Ala Capitoniana (det) ala Capitoniana ? OESCUS Legio V Macedonica Legio V Macedonica Abandoned

UTUM Ala I Hispanorum milliaria Unknown SECURISCA Ala Bosporanorum Ala Bosporanorum ?

ASAMUM Unknown Unknown Unknown DIMUM Ala Solensium (?) Ala Solensium NOVAE Legio VIII Augusta Legio I ltalica Legio I ltalica

SEXAGINTA PRIST A Coh. II Mattiacorum equitata Legio I ltalica (det)

Coh. II Flavia Brittonum equitata

TRANMARISCA Coh. I Thracum Syriaca Legio XI Claudia (det)

DUROSTORUM Coh. II Flavia Brittonum equitata Legio XI Claudia CARSIUM Ala II Hispanorum et Aravacorum Ala II Hispanorum et Aravacorum

TROESMIS Ala I Pannoniorum Legio V Macedonica (up to AD 167) ARRUBIUM ala I Vespasiana Dardanorum ala I Vespasiana Dardanorum

legio V Macedonica (det) AEGYSSUS Classis Flavia Moesica Classis Flavia Moesica

Cohors Ill Gallorum ? SALSOVIA

CEBRUM Uknown TRIMMAMIUM Uknown

TEGRA leg. I ltalica (det) APPIARIA i ala I Gallorum Atectorigiana SUCIDAVA

SACIDAVA Coh. I Cilicum (milliaria) Equitata

leg. V Macedonica (det) AXIOPOLIS Classis Flavia Moesica

Cohors I Ubiorum (up to 143 or Hadrian's reign)

CAPIDAVA cohors I Germanorum

legio V Macedonica legio lltalica (det)

CIUS cohors I Lusitanorum Cyrenaica scutata equitata

TABLE 3. TROOP DISPOSITION IN MOESIA INFERIOR 1

FORT JULIO-CLAUDIANS FLAVIAN PERIOD MIDDLE OF SECOND CENTURY

BEROE cohors II Bracaraugustanorum (mill. Equitata ?)

DINOGETIA cohors II Mattiacorum equitata (det)

Legio V Macedonica (det)- CFM BARBOSI cohors II Mattiacorum Equitata (after 145 AD)

NOVIODUNUM Classis Flavia Moesica

Legio V Macedonica (det) ALIOBRIX Legio V Macedonica ( det)

SALMORUS Legio V Macedonica (det) ----

TABLE 3. TROOP DISPOSITION IN MOESIA INFERIOR 2

FORT TRAJAN HADRIAN MIDDLE OF SECOND CENTURY

DACIA SUPERIOR WEST

POJEJENA DE SUS Cohors V Gallorum (equitata) Cohors V Gallorum (equitata) DUPLIJAJA Unknown Abandoned GREBENAC Unknown Abandoned ARCIDAVA Coh. I Vindelicorum milliaria Abandoned

VRSAC L~. IV Flavia (detachment) Abandoned CENTUM PUTEI Leg. IV Flavia (deta~hment) Abandoned

BERZOBIS Leg. IV Flavia (detachment) Abandoned AIZIZIS Unknown Abandoned DIERNA Coh. I Brittonum milliaria ? Abandoned

PRAETORIUM Leg. IV Flavia (detachment) Abandoned Coh. Ill Delamatarum mill.equitata Ad PANNONIOS Leg. IV Flavia {detachment) Abandoned Coh. VIII Raetorum equitata

Unknown Coh. I Vindelicorum milliaria Coh. I Vindelicorum milliaria

TIBISCUM Coh. I Sagittariorum milliaria Coh. I Sagittariorum milliaria Numeri Palmyrenorum Tibis. Numeri Palmyrenorum Tibis.

Numeri Maurorum Tibis. Numeri Maurorum Tibis. ZAVOI Coh. I Sagittariotum milliaria Abandoned

Coh. II Flavia Commagenorum Coh. II Flavia Commagenorum Coh. II Flavia Commagenorum

MICIA Leg. XIII Gemina (detachment) Leg. XIII Gemina (detachment) Leg. XIII Gemina (detachment)

Ala I Augusta lturaeorum Sagit. Ala I Hispanorum Campagonum (after 144 AD) Numeri Maurorum Miciensium

ABRUD Unknown Unknown Unknown CIGMAU Unknown Unknown Pedites Singulari Brittanici

ORASTIOARA Leg. XIII Gemina (detachment) Leg. XIII Gemina (detachment)? Leg. XIII Gemina (detachment)?

Numeri Germaniciorum Numeri Germaniciorum Numeri Germaniciorum SULCI Leg. XIII Gem ina l_detachmentl Leg. XIII Gemina (detachment)? Leg. XIII Gemina (detachment)?

ARADULNOU Leg. XIII Gemina (detachment) Leg. XIII Gemina (detachment)? Leg. XIII Gemina (detachment)?

Leg. IV Flavia (detachment) SINNICOLAUL MARE Leg. XIII Gemina (detachment) Leg. XIII Gemina (detachment)? Leg. XIII Gemina (detachment}_?

CENAD Leg. XIII Gemina (detachment) Leg. XIII Gemina (detachment)? Leg. XIII Gemina (detachment)? PARTISCUM Unknown Unknown Unknown

ALBA IULIA (APULUM) Leg. XIII Gemina Leg. XIII Gemina Leg. XIII Gemina Leg. I Adiutrix (up to 114/117 AD)

- ·-- ---

TABLE 4. TROOP DISPOSITION IN DACIA 1

FORT TRAJAN HADRIAN MIDDLE OF SECOND CENTURY

DACIA POROLISSENSIS

BOLOGA coh. II Hispanorum equitata coh. II Hispanorum equitata coh. II Hispanorum equitata coh. I Aelia Gaesatorum milliaria coh. I Aelia Gaesatorum milliaria

BUCIUMI ~oh. I Augusta lturaeorum (up to AD 114 coh. II Nervia Brittonum milliaria coh. II Nervia Brittonum milliaria

LARGIANA coh. I Hispanorum quingenaria coh. I Hispanorum quingenaria coh. I Hispanorum quingenaria

CERTIAE coh. VI Thracum coh. II Britannica milliaria coh. II Britannica milliaria coh. VI Thracum

coh. V Lingonum

POROLISSUM coh. I Ulpia Brittonum (milliaria?)

coh. I Augusta lturaeorum (after 114)

I Leq. XIII Gemina (detachment) TIHAU coh. I Cannanefatium coh. I Cannanefatium coh. I Cannanefatium I

SAMUM coh. II Britannica milliaria coh. I Britannica milliaria equitata coh. I Britannica milliaria equitata ILl SUA ala I Tungrorum Frontoniana ala I Tungrorum Frontoniana ala I Tunqrorum Frontoniana I

ORHEIUL BISTRITEI coh. I Flavia Hisp. mill. equitata coh. I Flavia Hisp. mill. equitata coh. I Flavia Hisp. mill. equitata GILAU coh. I Pannoniorum equitata ala Siliana ala Siliana

GHERLA ala II Pannoniorum (?) ala II Pannoniorum ala II Pannoniorum I

OPTATIANA ? numerus Maurorum Optatiensium numerus Palmyrenorum Optatiensium

POTAISSA (Turda) Leg. XIII Gemina (detachment) Leg. XIII Gemina (detachment) coh. I Batavorum milliaria (up to 167 AD) coh. I Batavorum milliaria Leg. V Macedonica (after 167 AD)

DACIA SUPERIOR EAST i

BRINCOVENESTI ala I Nova lllyricorum ala I Nova lllyricorum CALUGARENI coh. I Alpinorum equitata (between 143-148 AD)

SARA TEN I coh. I Aloinorum eQuitata (deiT between 143-148 AD INLACENI coh. VIII Raetorum equitata coh. IV Hispanorum equitata

ODORHEIUL SEC. coh. I Ubiorum (?) coh. I Ubiorum SINPAUL (?) numerus Maurorum S(aqittariorum) OLTENI coh. IV Bessorum (?) coh. IV Bessorum (?)

TABLE 4. TROOP DISPOSITION IN DACIA 2

FORT TRAJAN HADRIAN MIDDLE OF SECOND CENTURY

SIGHISOARA Leg. XIII Gemina (detachment) Leg. XIII Gemina (detachment) CRISTESTI ala I Bosporanorum ala I Bosporanorum RAZBOIENI ala I Batavorum milliaria ala I Batavorum milliaria

DACIA INFERIOR

ANGUSTIA Unknown Unknown coh. I Bracaraugustanorum

BOROSNEU MARE Unknown ala I .. a ..... ala Gallorum

coh. I Bracaraugustanorum (det) HOGHIZ Unknown ala I Asturum ala I Asturum

CINCSOR Unknown coh. II Flavia Bessorum coh. II Flavia Bessorum FELDIOARA Unknown coh. II Flavia Numidarum equitata

BOlT A Unknown Unknown Unknown PRAETORIUM numeri Burgariorum (?)

TITESTI numeri Burgariorum (?) (?) ARUTELA surii Sagittarii (?)

RADACINESTI surii Sagittarii surii Sagittarii CASTRA TRAIANA Unknown coh. I Hispanorum equitata (det) coh. I Hispanorum equitata (detl

BURIDAVA Unknown Unknown coh. I Augusta Nervia Pacensis Brittonum milliaria PONS ALUTI Unknown coh. Ill Gallorum (equitata) coh. Ill Gallorum (equitata)

ACIDAVA Unknown coh. I Flavia Commagenorum (det)? coh. I Flavia Commagenorum (det)? ROMULA coh. I Flavia Commagenorum ? coh. I Flavia Commagenorum coh. I Flavia Commagenorum

SLAVEN I ala I Hispanorum ala I Hispanorum

coh. I Flavia Commagenorum (det) coh. I Flavia Commagenorum (det) BUMBESTI Coh. IV Cypria Coh. IV Cypria Coh. IV Cypria

TABLE 4. TROOP DISPOSITION IN DACIA 3

FORTS EARTH PHASE

ULCISIA CASTRA TRAJAN

AQUINCUM NERO

ALBERTFALVA VESPASIAN

CAMPONA DOMITIAN

MATRICA DOMITIAN

V. SALINA VESPASIAN

INTERCISA DOMITIAN

ANNAMANTIA DOMITIAN - TRAJAN

LUSSONIUM N ERO-VESPASIAN

ALTA RIPA DOMITIAN-TRAJAN

ALISCA TRAJAN-HADRIAN

AD STATUAS TRAJAN-HADRIAN

LUGIO DOMITIAN

ALTINUM NERO

AD MILITARE TRAJAN-HADRIAN

TEUTOBURGIUM DOMITIAN

CORNACUM DOMITIAN-TRAJAN

BONONIA DOMITIAN

BEOCIN VESPASIAN

ACUMINCUM TRAJAN-HADRIAN

RITTIUM DOMITIAN

BURGENAE TRAJAN-HADRIAN

TAURUNUM TRAJAN-HADRIAN

TABLE 5. FORT CONSTRUCTION PHASES ON THE FRONTIER OF PANNONIA INFERIOR

STONE PHASE

COM MODUS

TRAJAN

TRAJAN

TRAJAN

M. AURELIUS

HADRIAN-ANT. PIUS

COMMODUS

CARACALLA

SEP.SEVERUS

? ? ? ?

THIRD CENTURY

··-· '" ? THIRD CENTURY

? ? ? ? ? ? ?

FORTS EARTH PHASE

SINGIDUNUM DOMITIAN

TRICORNIUM DOMITIAN-TRAJAN

MONS AUREUS DOMITIAN-HADRIAN

MAR GUM VESPASIAN-DOMITIAN

VIMINACIUM DOMITIAN

LEDERATA DOMITIAN

TRANSLEDERATA TRAJAN

PINCUM TRAJAN-HADRIAN

CUPPAE DOMITIAN

LIVADICE ?

NOVAE TIBERIUS-CLAUDIUS

SALDUM NERO-VESPASIAN

GOSPODJIN VIR DOMITIAN

MALE AND VELIKE LIVADICE DOMITIAN

SMORNA CLAUDIUS-NERO

RAVNA

TALIATAE CLAUDIUS-NERO

TALIATAE (MALl GRADAC) CLAUDIUS

PORECKA REKA SECOND CENTURY?

PECKA SARA SECOND CENTURY?

HAJDUCKA VODENICA LATE FIRST CENTURY

TRANSDIERNA VESPASIAN-DOMITIAN

DIANA TIBERI US-CLAUDIUS

PONTES NERO?

KONOPISTE

KURVINGRAD DOMITIAN

EGETA (BOTH SITES) VESPASIAN-DOMITIAN

AQUAE DOMITIAN

DORTICUM TRAJAN

BONONIA CLAUDIUS-NERO

RATIARIA NERO?

TABLE 6. FORT CONSTRUCTION PHASES ON THE FRONTIER OF MOESIA SUPERIOR

STONE PHASE

TRAJAN-HADRIAN

?

?

?

HADRIAN

?

?

?

?

?

TRAJAN

DOMITIAN-TRAJAN

?

? ··-·· DOMITIAN

DOMITIAN

VESPASIAN

?

?

?

VESPASIAN

TRAJAN

DOMITIAN-TRAJAN

?

?

?

?

?

?

FORTS EARTH PHASE STONE PHASE

SALMORUS TRAJAN

SALSOVIA ? ?

AEGYSSUS ? ?

NOVIODUNUM TRAJAN?

DINOGETIA TRAJAN-HADRIAN

BARBOSI DOMITIAN-TRAJAN TRAJAN

ALIOBRIX TRAJAN-HADRIAN

ARRUBIUM ? ?

TROESMIS DOMITIAN TRAJAN-HADRIAN

BEROE ? ?

CIUS ? ?

CARSIUM DOMITIAN TRAJAN

CAPIDAVA

AXIOPOLIS ? ?

SACIDAVA ? - ~ .. ?

SUCIDAVA ? ?

DUROSTORUM DOMITIAN TRAJAN

TRANSMARISCA ? ?

APPIARIA ? ?

S. PRISTA DOMITIAN HADRIAN-ANTONINUS PIUS?

TRIMAMMIUM ?

NOVAE CLAUDIUS

DIMUM ?

UTUM ?

SECURISCA

OESCUS AUGUSTUS

AUGUSTAE TIBERI US

VARIANA TIBERI US

ASAMUM TIBERI US

TABLE 7. FORT CONSTRUCTION PHASES ON THE FRONTIER OF MOESIA INFERIOR

?

TRAJAN

?

?

VESPASIAN

?

?

?

//} / I ' I / /

; ( ~ )

1 1

-

' ,'

' .'

' j . ' ' J

'

' ' ' '

'

-

\ \.... \ 1 r:/ ~

V& ~~~· \ .. ~ \ __ J;--;1 \ " ,'

I 4/ \' ... )z / A: . -~ J'.=? \

-- -Dalmatht

MAPS 2-7 ~---- --~ ...... ~ ... ~, ..

~; 1\l_oes;a ~per;or . // t -,_ \, !__, : ~ '

/

~

I /

/ ' I

I

,, _,.------.__. ""-,"'

"'-,_,~

MAPS 2-7. THE PROVINCE OF PANNONIA INFERIOR

\ ~I~: 21111

0

Rhtr

fToviu« Houm!Af)

"'-j ' '• •' • 'o •'• 'f~

-==--:=--=--=====----===

,..-.,. '

\.

I

'

I

I

t -------- '\. \

~~- -------,.__

--....... ' ... " ---r '-.___ i / _ _.,.._ __ _______ _ I I

'·]l_~,

/

, ,

,,_ "'-,

_..--~-"-- ,," ·~~

·' t

, /

' I

I

I I I I I

: \

' ' ' ' \ \ \ ' ' '

\

a Inferior

MAPS 8-13. THE PROVINCE OF MOESIA SUPERIOR

M

r::l l 5 00

200

0

RiVt-1'"

PrO\ i ut-r & un&.lal')

..... i . •. . , . ~ . , . re\"'

fl ', fu . ~ yy··

.... - , .. _ . ..,.,.---- ...

' ' (

I

\:·~/~......_ __ , \...

~-"'--- -------, .. \," \ r ,~ ) ~ ---------- -----­

/ /

'-..., .... ,

_...----...__" ' -...,'\

~~

MAPS 14-19. THE PROVINCE OF MOESIA INFERIOR

M

~151111 21HI

II

Kivt r

l'rO\. iuu lkl uNia ry

I I I I I , ,_ Sc..- . •••• ~ . . .. ..,

'

c· ~

'8 . ,l! t

~ ·i :i! .t

:E ~ ~ c

[] I i 1 J

/

I ' I

I I

)

I I

I .

,_

' ' '

) Jt·· ·. --~-----g- ' . \ ·, ~ ~ ;

\. ~--·\_// / .

_/ ~

(

" J

J

J

..'

' ' I t

•,, ...... ---...... '• .. , ·._/ ''-. \

'-.... ~ \

a Inferior

MAPS 21-22 & 27-28. THE PROVINCE OF DACIA (SECTOR I)

~1 !'~1 ZIHI

II

Riv~r

Proviuf't UountJary

. '/ Su"l• •1 ,• 1 •1 1 • 1 .. ~

~?:! \~ • ~~-~~ I, "---w-\~ __/ 4 '

... ·-- -- ...... __ _

' ' '

_ __;-~L\~(}esiaj.perior I --...

/ / ........ \ ' "'-..

r ' ' l /

MAPS 23-24 & 29-30. THE PROVINCE OF DACIA (SECTORS 11-111)

M

,u,·:;~

Rh·tr

Provi11ct UoundiU)

Sutoi. · .... ~ ... Zr.::-

,I

i )

...... ..

__ .. '

---- .:..

\. .- --.. ./

r~~-:''---...... ...._(-' ---) '----~-- ---- -

........

/

-r-~, Moesia ~•perior ': t·--....... =.J~ / t I \

I •-..._

: ' MAPS 25-26 & 31-32. THE PROVINCE OF DACIA (SECTOR IV)

[:l!\1 .

151)0

2lMI

0

Ri\ tr

PY()\.iU.« &undal)

..... i ''• •'' '• ' ' ' tr,;\"'

Pannonia

... _ - .... ~- ----.. -------..._ _

0 Su ...

0

Daltnatia

I i J I I

., 't &molea

,,-

~ rvroes. \

A. Mursa Forts: l . Aquincum B. S innium 2. Lusson ium

3. Altinum 4. Gorsium

MAP 2. THE EASTERN SECTION OF THE PANNONIAN LIMES BY THE END OF THE JULIO-CLAUDIAN DYNASTY

I. Aquincum

Pannonia

-- __ _ -...:._ ------

5. V. Sal ina

--

0 &.6el

0

Dalmatia

9. Altinum

t'

', 'fv'Ioes. '

13. Rittium 2. Albertfalva 6. Intercisa I 0. Teutoburgium 14. Gorsium 3. Campana 7. Lusson i um I I. Cornacum 4. Matrica 8. Lugio 12. Bononia

MAP 3. THE EASTERN SECTION OF THE PANNONIAN LIMES BY THE END OF THE FIRST CENTURY AD

I. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

-- ---..1,.. --- ---

0 su .. , 0

Dalrnatia

·, 'l 10

I j 111\llft

I \ \

Ulcisia Castra 7. Intercisa 13. Lugio 19. Beocin Aquincum Albertfalva Campana Matrica V. Sa lina

8. Annamantia 14. Altinum 20. Acumincum 9. Lussonium 15. Ad Militare 21. Rittium l 0. Alta Ripa 16. Teutoburgium 22. Burgenae II . Alisca 17. Cornacum 23. Taurunum 12 . Ad Statuas 18. Bononia 24. Gorsium

MAP 4. THE LOWER PANNONIAN LIMES BY THE MIDDLE OF THE SECOND CENTURY AD

l '

(.) c:3

0

O I I SuMj i I I

0

to 't Jmt\n

t' I

_/

+ •

Pannonia

- ~ .... --- --------.._ Dal1nati a

• Legio

.& Ala mi lli aria

0 Leg. detachment

6. Ala

• Cohors equitata milli ar ia D Cohors equitata

e Cohors milli aria 0 Cohors

'V Classis

X Nu meri

MAP 5. TROOP DISPOSITION IN EASTERN PANNONIA BY THE END OF THE JULIO-CLAUDIAN DYNASTY

- 1

~ Moes. \

JO a I

I J I '• lm<lft

Pannonia

.... _ - ...

,.., _ _ --

• Legio

.A. Ala milli ar ia

• Cohors eq uitata milliaria

e Cohors mi ll iaria

-- ....... ____ __ .._

Dalmati a

¢ Leg. detachment

6 Ala

D Cohors eq uitata

0 Cohors

'V Classis

X Numeri

MAP 6. TROOP DISPOSITION IN EASTERN PANNONIA BY THE END OF THE FIRST CENTURY AD

~ Nfoes. \

!10 0 Sea ...

0 J I

i f 't l m d ..

·-.. _ - I

---·- ..!.. ----- ._ Daln1atia

• Leg io 0 Leg. detachment

A Ala mil liaria 6. Ala

• Cohors equitata milliari a D Cohors equitata

e Cohors mil li ari a 0 Cohors

'\1 Class is

X Numeri

MAP 7. TROOP DISPOSITION IN PANNONIA INFERIOR BY THE MIDDLE OF THE SECOND CENTURY AD

I \ \

'- j

~

'-c -----c..:

~ I (;j \ r-c.: ~

Q

\ \ \

\

)

I . Novae

2. Saldum

3. Boljetin (Smorna)

4. Taliatae

0 Selki. I I I l !f l'ftliLMl

5. Diana

6. Pontes

7. Bononia

MAP 8. THE FORTIFICATIONS OF MOESIA (SUPERIOR) BY THE END OF THE JULIO-CLAUDIAN DYNASTY

-·

I

......... '--"'

~

' -c

c..

w ' ~ \ r- \ ::: -w 0

\

\ \

' Singidunum

2 Tricomium

3 Aureus Mons

4 Margum

5 Viminacium

6 Lederata

7 Pincum

8 Cuppae

9 Novae

10 Saldum

''MO'esia Superior ·

11 Gospodjin Vir 21 Kurvingrad

12 Velike Livadice 22 Rtkovo

13 Male Livadice 23 Egeta

14 Boljetin (Smorna) 24 Slatinske Reke ?

15 Ravna 25 Mora Vagei

16 Taliatae 26 Aquae (Prahovo)

1 17 Hajducka Vodenica 27 Dorticum

18 Transdierna (Tekija) 28 Bononia

19 Diana 29 Ratiaria

20 Pontes 30 Pojejena de Sus

MAP 9. THE FORTIFICATIONS OF MOESIA SUPERIOR BY THE END OF THE FLA VIAN PERIOD

•

... ~ ~ '...;.....

::: ........... .

. • . 2

c

~

03 I ....... ('j \ r- \ c -w \ 0 \

.\

) l •

Singidunum

2 T ricornium

" Aureus Mons .)

4 Margum

5 Viminacium

6 Pincum

7 Cuppae

Sea

'Moesia Superior

8 Novae 15 Kurvingrad

9 Saldum 16 Egeta

10 Gospodjin Vir 17 Mora Vagei

II Taliatae 18 Aquae {Prahovo)

12 Hajducka Vodenica 19 Dorticum } 13 Transdierna (Tekija) 20 Bononia

14 Diana 21 Ratiaria

MAP 10. THE FORTIFICATIONS OF MOESIA SUPERIOR BY THE MIDDLE OF THE SECOND CENTURY AD

... ._,.,

~~-- , , .. , ...

1 c..;...: . I c 21

I .........

2 I

~

'...,.._ ~

-....-'

c...

ro I ' "@ \ ,.-

\ c ro \ Q \

\

) l l. 1

• Legio

£ Ala milliaria

• Cohors equitata milliaria

e Cohors milliaria

Se 0 I l I 1 ~MIIkf141 ,,

() Leg. detachment

6 Ala

[J Cohors equitata

0 Cohors

V Classis

X Numeri

MAP 11. TROOP DISPOSITION IN MOESIA (SUPERIOR) BY THE END OF THE JULIO-CLAUDIAN DYNASTY

J

4-, c -. ...._.., . ~

' -c

c...

~ '' &j \ \ .-

!::: C\l

Q \ \

\

)

' 1

+ Legio

6. Ala milliaria

• Cohors equitata milliaria

e Cohors milliaria

0 Scaa.J I I I _ _1 . !f~

0 Leg. detachment

6 Ala

D Cohors equitata

0 Cohors

"V Classis

X Numeri

MAP 12. TROOP DISPOSITION IN MOESIA SUPERIOR BY THE END OF THE FLA VIAN PERIOD

0"'''*"' ,-;_:

1.£:

I 2

' c

c..

~ ,, ~ \

\ ' c cv 0

\ \

\

) l I ..

• Legio

.A. Ala milliaria

• Cohors equitata milliaria

e Cohors milliaria

Moesia Superior

0 Leg. detachment

A Ala

[] Cohors equitata

0 Cohors

"V Classis

X Numeri

Sea .. • ·•

MAP 13. TROOP DISPOSITION IN MOESIA SUPERIOR BY THE MIDDLE OF THE SECOND CENTURY AD

' ........

' -

J

c ...._

:2

$(a .. i I I I 1 !fm.'-i O I 1 1 t I t t .OI(rr\

\ "& , I ~~

I l

Moesia (Super.) /

I Augustae 2 Variana

3 Oescus

I I

t /

4 Securisca

5 Asamum

6 Novae

Moesia (Inferior)

MAP 14. THE FORTIFICATIONS OF MOESIA (INFERIOR) BY THE END OF THE JULIO-CLAUDIAN DYNASTY

0 JO S<:•a.t I I 1 t

1 J ~ I I I t' ~~

0 ~

2 3 4 5

\

I I

sia Superior/ I

Augustae Variana Oescus Utum Securisca

, /

I

I

Moesia lnferi or

6 Asamum I I Durostorum 16 Salsovia 7 Dimum 12 Carsium 17 Vallis Domitiana 8 Novae 13 Troesmis 18 Argamum 9 Sexaginta Prista 14 Arrubium I 0 Transmarisca I 5 Aegyssus

MAP 15. THE FORTIFICATIONS OF MOESIA INFERIOR BY THE END OF THE FLA VIAN PERIOD

PONTUS EUXINUS : BLACK SEA :

0 --- r . X.tlo) I I I I Sf~·- ., . . ·, . ,/ 0 i ' f i t I I i iCm ,• ~ (-~ .r-

'lJ~'- . ·~ ·.-.<·"

.... ,·- · •...• -.•. · .. ,·•· ..-·~~:J ... ~ ..• ·. "'" _,~,/ " -~ ..., v /~ ·.-~~~

)~ \ Dacia

I

sia Superior/ I

I t

I ,

Cebrum 8 Novae

2 Augustae 9 Trimmamium ? "> Variana I 0 Sexaginta Prista .)

4 Utum II Tegra

5 Securisca 12 Appiaria

6 Asamum 13 Transmarisca

7 Dimum 14 Durostorum

I I

I I I I I I \ I I \ \

'

/ ,

\ \ \ \

\, \.

\..

15 Sucidava 16 Sacidava 17 Axiopolis 18 Capidava 19 Carsium 20 Cius 21 Beroe ?

22 Troesmis 23 Arrubium 24 Dinogetia 25 Barbosi 26 Noviodunum 27 Aliobrix 28 Aegyssus

MAP 16. THE FORTIFICATIONS OF MOESIA INFERIOR BY THE MIDDLE OF THE SECOND CENTURY AD

29 Salsovia 30 Salmorus 31 Ad Salices?

0 '/ I I 1 I tndti ~tS.t I t t J I J I Km ~ .0

\

) \

I I

Moesia (Super.) / I

• Legio

... A la mi ll iar ia

, I

t I

-

¢ Leg. detachment

6. Ala

Moesia (Inferior)

• Cohors eq ui tata mill iaria [J Cohors equitata 'V' C lass is

X Numeri e Cohors mill ia ria 0 Cohors

MAP 17. TROOP DISPOSITION IN MOESIA (INFERIOR) BY THE END OF THE JULIO-CLAUDIAN DYNASTY

PONTUS EUXINU S : llLACK SEA !

$(a i I I I I Sf~ _. 1 • v 1 t 1 1 t Km 0 .0

\

)

I J

sia Superior/

~

• Legio

A Ala mill iaria

I t

/ ,

I

-

0 Leg. detachment

6. Ala

Moesia Inferior

• Cohors equitata mi ll iaria D Cohors equi tata 'V Classis

X Nu meri e Cohors mil liar ia 0 Cohors

MAP 18. TROOP DISPOSITION IN MOESIA INFERIOR BY THE END OF THE FLA VIAN PERIOD

PONTUS EUXINUS : BLACK SEA !

0 s; I I I I Ina Sut.t I I I I I I ll(m~ 0 10

\

l /

I I

sia Superior/ I

• Legio

.A. Ala milliaria

I

I I

/

Dacia

"":

¢ Leg. detachment

6. Ala

• Cohors equitata milliaria D Cohors equitata

e Cohors milliaria 0 Cohors

t" I

,l ,. ....... ..... J

I I I I I I \ j

' \ \

" I f I

' ' ' \ \ \,

' '

"V Classis

X Numeri

b

....

Moesia Inferior. ·

MAP 19. TROOP DISPOSITION IN MOESIA INFERIOR BY THE MIDDLE OF THE SECOND CENTURY

PONTUS f::UXINlJS; Bl.A C'K SI: A !

EJ~ - R.ivtr

PrM-iut·c- &utdAI')

0 I I 1 1 '/mJ.& SuMI . f I 1 1 I I I --Km

0 P' _...

\

\ I

s ' ~ . !(-

, 1.vv-;na.. Superior

MAP 20. DACIA

~ ,-----~ . ~

6

' t

---..... , ',

I I

I

' / " J'- · 'l ') ,., .. 1· ..... .._ .... I

I

\

-

Dacia S uperi

•I

\

SECTOR I DACIA SUPER IOR (WEST)

I Duplijaja 14 Micia 2 Grebenac 15 Cigmau -. Arcidava 16 Abrud .)

4 Yrsac 17 Bulci 5 Centum Putei 18 Aradul Nou 6 Berzob is 19 Sinnico laul Mare 7 Aizizis 20 Cenad 8 Dierna 21 Partiscum 9 Praetorium 22 Yirtop 10 Ad Pannonios 23 Jigoru 11 Tibiscum 24 Patru Peak 12 Zavo i 25 Comarnicel 13 Orastioara de Sus 26 Muncelu l

MAP 21. THE FORTIFICATIONS OF DACIA SECTOR I DURING THE REIGN OF TRAJAN

. g

..... __ .....

Seatti._-_ ... , """' ... , ._,'-•--+\-r'""''""•_,z~ .. I

\

SECTOR I DACIA SU PERIOR (WEST)

I Centum Putei 2 Praetorium 3 Ad Pannonios 4 Tibiscum 5 Orastioara de Sus 6 Micia 7 Cigmau 8 Abrud 9 Bulci 10 Aradul Nou II Sinnico laul Mare 12 Cenad 13 Parti sc um

MAP 22. THE FORTIFICATIONS OF DACIA SECTOR I BY THE MIDDLE OF THE SECOND CENTURY AD

~ .

l • ~ J .·. 0 \ $...<

' 0 0...

. . !

------~ ,.,. ~ ~"' .... . /,.-

Dacia Superior ,.,.-· \...

SECTOR II SECTOR III DACIA POROLISSENSIS DACIA SUPERIOR (EAST)

I 2 , .)

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 14

Resculum (Bologa) 15 Apulum Buciu mi Largianna Certiae (Romita) Porolissum Porolissum Tihau Samum (Casei) II isua Livezile Orheiul Bistritei Gherla Gilau Potaissa-Turd a

MAP 23. THE FORTIFICATIONS OF DACIA SECTORS II AND III DURING THE REIGN OF TRAJAN

_ .....

0 Sea,.f

0

1J I

1 i ~ f If 'I tn

to

SECTOR II DACIA POROLISSENSIS

I Resculum (Bologa) 2 Buciumi 3 Largianna 4 Ceriiae (Romita) 5 Poroli ss um 6 Porolissum 7 Tihau 8 Samum (Casei) 9 11isua 10 Orheiul Bistritei II Gherla 12 Optatiana 13 Gilau 14 Pota is sa-Turd a

•20 ,.,. - ..... - ---- .; " .,.,. , ......

D ' . s . / acta upettor ;·,.--:·

SECTOR III DACIA SUPERIOR (EAST)

15 Brincovenesti 16 Calugareni 17 Sarateni 18 Inlaceni 19 Odorheiul Secuiesc 20 Sinpau l 21 Sighisoara 22 Cristesti 23 Razboieni 24 Apulum

MAP 24. THE FORTIFICATIONS OF DACIA SECTORS II AND III BY THE MIDDLE OF THE SECOND CENTURY AD

Dacia Superior

! '

i I •

'- a \

,.,.. ..... , -- '

I ,, ,

' I• ' J I

,;i

•21

\ 0

' Scale I . * '' ' ' t \ ' 0 ',

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\,

Moesia Inferior

' '

SECTOR IV DACIA INFERJOR

I 2 ., J

4 5 6 7 8

Angustia (Bretcu) 9 Pons Aluti 17 Filipesti

Olteni 10 Acidava 18 Tirgsor

Hoghiz 11 Romula 19 Malaisti

Cincsor 12 Slaveni 20 Draj na de Sus

Fe lclioara 13 Islaz 21 Cimpina

Boita 14 Voinesti 22 Pietroasele Castra Traiana 15 Rucar 23 Bumbesti

Buriclava 16 Cumidava (Risnov) 24 Catunele

MAP 25. THE FORTIFICATIONS OF DACIA SECTOR IV DURING THE REIGN OF TRAJAN

' ~ '

,. .,.... ,....,. -I

Dacia Superior

I \ \

.----...... _., '\. .

'

I I

., ' I , I

•z,/" ,.,

. . -

I

' ' ' \ 0

Seaa.t . 1 ' 1 0 'l ' \ i I

SECTOR IV DACIA INFERIOR

I Bretcu 2 Borosneu Mare .... Olteni .)

4 Hoghi z 5 Cincsor 6 Feldioara 7 Boita

\

\ ' ' '

Moesia Inferior

8 Titesti 9 Copaceni IO Arutela II Radacinest i 12 Castra Traiana 13 Buridava 14 Pons Aluti

IS Ac idava I6 Romuia I7 Slaveni I8 Risnov I9 Bumbesti

MAP 26. THE FORTIFICATIONS OF DACIA SECTOR IV BY THE MIDDLE OF THE SECOND CENTURY AD

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'/m tO

1t i I I \ I

1 f 1~

eo

<>: <> 1 ..

•

• Leg io

A Ala milliaria

\

0 Leg. detachment

6 Ala

• Cohors equitata mi lli aria 0 Cohors equitata

e Cohors milli ar ia 0 Cohors

'\1 Classis

X Numeri

MAP 27. TROOP DISPOSITION IN DACIA SECTOR I DURING TRAJAN'S REIGN

'

• Leg io

.& Ala milliari a

• Cohors equitata milliaria

e Cohors milli aria

¢ Leg. detachment

6. Ala

[] Cohors equitata

0 Cohors

V Classis

X Numeri

MAP 28. TROOP DISPOSITION IN DACIA SECTOR I BY THE MIDDLE OF THE SECOND CENTURY AD

e 0 ~ . g

• f

,.~

---- --- 4JI# r ,. , .,.

Dacia Superior / -· ·" '

0 Scattf . 1 ' •

0

• Legio

11

i ~ f l' 1~ .0

A Ala mi ll iaria

0 Leg. detachment

6 Ala

• Cohors equitata milliaria [] Cohors equitata

e Cohors mi ll iaria 0 Cohors

V Classis

X Numeri

MAP 29. TROOP DISPOSITION IN DACIA SECTORS II AND III DURING THE REIGN OF TRAJAN

~

Dacia Porolissensis I

/

........ .

_.,/ ' I ' .,. .. ~ ...._.-._._.._..,

~ "' l ../""

. _/'1' ... ~ '

11 • t t ~ i t f 1~

M

• Legio

.& Ala milliaria

• Cohors eq uitata milliaria

e Cohors milliaria

¢ Leg. detachment

~Ala

0 Cohors equitata

0 Cohors

V Classis

X Numeri

MAP 30. TROOP DISPOSITION IN DACIA SECTORS II AND III BY THE MIDDLE OF THE SECOND CENTURY AD

Dacia Superior

0

I

', 0 ' ' 7 " ', Su,.,., ~- "'"* .. •,.....,.,......,,....,..~,.-''-1;~10 rn

• Legio

£ Ala milliaria

\ \

\,

f\lloesia Inferior

¢ Leg. detachment

6 Ala

• Cohors equitata milliaria D Cohors equitata

e Cohors milli aria 0 Cohors

' '

"V Classis

X Numeri

MAP 31. TROOP DISPOSITION IN DACIA SECTOR IV BY THE END OF TRAJAN'S REIGN

/ · I , ' , I t \

I

' '*"*-' .... - ' . '

0 J I

~ ;I ,

\ 0 \ ., .... ~~~& ,.......,,..,.,,,.... ~t.....,,...•""'~' ', .;;K r· I f 1 r I :0 · ,.

+ Legio

A Ala milliaria

', \

\,

Moesia Inferior

0 Leg. detachment

6 Ala

• Cohors eq uitata milliaria D Cohors equitata

e Cohors milliaria 0 Cohors

' '

'\1 Classis

X Numeri

MAP 32. TROOP DISPOSITION IN DACIA SECTOR IV BY THE MIDDLE OF THE SECOND CENTURY AD

\