DWFP Fly Control Research

Philip G. KoehlerMargie & Dempsey Sapp Endowed Professor of

Urban Entomology

Florida Pest Management Association Endowed Professor

University of Florida

Gainesville, FL 32611

DWFP Fly Fighter TeamUniversity of Florida

Dr. Philip KoehlerPrincipal Investigator

Dr. Matt AubuchonLight Traps

Ryan Welch, M.S.Baited Traps

Alex ChaskopoulouNovel Insecticides

HM1 Jeff HertzFly Cords

Dr. Roberto PeireraAssociate Research Scientist

Terry Krueger Tiny Willis

Graduate Assistants

Technical Assistants

LT Ricky VazquezToxicity Testing

DWFP at University of Florida New Fly Control Technologies

• New insecticides• Utilize fly behavior • New delivery devices

• Develop devices/technologies– Eliminate human contact with insecticides– Kill flies before they cause harm, reproduce, or

transmit disease

Fly Control Within the

Establishment

• Techniques– Light traps

– Sticky traps

– Space sprays

Objectives

• Determine efficacy of light traps in catching house flies– Sylvania® Cool white 15W– Sylvania® Warm white 15W– Sylvania® BLB (UV) 25W

• Compare effects of – Type of bulb in trap– Competing light

Matt Aubuchon, Ph.D. Dissertation

Fly Light Traps

UV Cool white Warm white

Light Trap Viewed Down Light Tunnel

Competing Light

Light

Competing Light

Fly Cage

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

200 300 400 500 600 700 800

Intensity (counts)

Wavelength (nm)

.

..

.

..

.

.

.

..

.

.

0.005

0.05

0.01

0.10

1.00

0.50

Sensitivity of fly eye

w/cm2

Spectrum of UV Bulbs

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

200 300 400 500 600 700 800

Intensity (counts)

Wavelength (nm)

0.005

0.05

0.01

0.10

1.00

0.50

w/cm2

Spectrum of Cool White Bulbs

Sensitivity of fly eye

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

200 300 400 500 600 700 800

Intensity (counts)

Wavelength (nm)

0.005

0.05

0.01

0.10

1.00

0.50

w/cm2

Spectrum of Warm White Bulbs

Sensitivity of fly eye

UV Cool white Warm white

Competing Only

Cool Light Bulb

Warm Light Bulb

UV Bulb

22

8884 85

5

71

55

35

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Ambient BLB WWB CWBLight

Me

an

pe

rce

nta

ge

of

flie

s

Female

Male

Fly Attraction to Light Traps

A BA B A B

A B

Competing Light Intensity on UV Light Trap Catch

92.29

87.66

84.55

80.55

75.22

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

Control 40 W 80 W 120 W 160 W

Mea

n H

ouse

Fly

Cat

ch

A

D

C

B

B

0.00 91.46 125.67 27.43 51.21

Lumens/m2 F=39.46; df=4; P<0.0001

Quality of Competing Light on UV Light Trap Catch

92.79

75.91 73.41 74.16

52.08

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Control WW CW DL BL

Me

an

ho

use

fly

ca

tch

A

C

BBB

Dark Control

Daylight Black Light

Warm White

Cool White

F=56.60; df=4; P<0.0001

~ 25 ft

Perimeter Traps or Baits at Establishment Perimeter

Trap Flies at Establishment Perimeter

• In use since 1911 (Pickens 1995)

• Consists of attractant inside trap that entices house flies to enter through inverted cone (Bishopp and Henderson 1946, Pickens 1995).

• Placement (Mitchell et al 1975, Pickens 1994)

– Every 9-30 ft near common breeding sites

– 1 ft from the ground

Ryan Welch, M.S. studentResearch Objectives

• Determine influence of visual and odor cues for fly attraction to traps

• Determine changes in fly attraction to differently aged attractant mixtures

• Purpose: develop methods of controlling flies by attracting them to toxicants or traps

Commercial Fly Traps

Bottom-Entry Traps Top-Entry Traps

Percentage of House Flies Caught in Six Commercial Traps

a Data were arcsine square root transformed before analysis. Means within a column followed by the same letter are not significantly different (a = 0.05, Student Newman-Keuls test; SAS 2001).

25.00 (8.10)b28.00 (5.42)b 22.00 (13.71)b 4Terminator® Pro

28.80 (6.09)ab32.80 (7.31)b 24.80 (5.57)ab 5Fly Magnet®

47.20 (9.73)ab58.40 (12.24)ab 36.00 (9.38)ab 5Rescue!®

28.86 (5.03)ab34.86 (6.97)b 22.86 (4.07)ab7BC 1752 Dome

43.71 (4.40)ab35.43 (6.32)b 51.43 (7.33)a 7AdvantageTM

52.22 (5.13)a 66.22 (5.89)a38.22 (5.21)ab9Trap n’ TossTM

TotalFemalesMalesnTrap

% Catch (SE)a

Aged Attractant Increased Trap Catch

Attractant MixtureYeast and ammonium carbonate Aged 1 vs 7 days

2826

29

11

4339

31 32

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Rescue Terminator Victor Advantage

Nu

mb

er C

aug

ht

1 day

7 days

Domed Funnel Trap

Odor plume

Attractant

Visual cues

Cardboard Trap

Odor PlumesNo visual cues

Traps in Cage

Cardboard traps

Dome traps

Fly Catch in Traps2 h

14.43

0.99

0

5

10

15

20

25

Dome Cardboard

% c

aug

ht

Visual + Odor Attraction

Odor Attraction

Scatter Fly Baits

• Very effective– Fast kill– Little resistance

• Primary Baits– Golden Malrin– Maxforce Granular

• New sprayable spot baits

Maxforce Fly Spot Bait

Imidacloprid (Neo-nicotinoid)Imidacloprid (Neo-nicotinoid)

Thiamethoxam (Neo-nicotinoid)Thiamethoxam (Neo-nicotinoid)

Acetamiprid (Neo-nicotinoid)Acetamiprid (Neo-nicotinoid)

Fipronil (Phenyl-pyrazole)Fipronil (Phenyl-pyrazole)

Bifenthrin (Pyrethroid)Bifenthrin (Pyrethroid)

Evaluate residual activity of newer pesticides

LT Ricky Vazquez, MS, USARResearch Objective

7 0

52

22

00

20

40

60

80

100

% M

ort

alit

y

100 100

80

60

20

0

20

40

60

80

100

Fipronil

Bifenth

rin

Aceta

mipr

id

Imid

aclop

rid

Thiam

etho

xam

% M

ort

alit

y

1 Hour Mortality

48 Hour Mortality

Fly Cords• Introduced 1947; Commercially available

early 50’s – Parathion, Diazinon, Ronnel, Dieldrin, DDT– High doses: some up to 25% a.i. – Only available in cotton

(Baker, Scudder, Guy)

• Provided season long control (Smith 1958, Kilpatrick and Schoof 1959, Weinburgh, Kilpatrick, and Schoof 1961)

• Not available today, but impregnated cords are recommended by the WHO and the U.S. Military (WHO 2006, AFPMB 2006)

HM1 Jeff Hertz, M.S. student

“Attractiveness” Assay

• Resting flies were counted every 10 min for 2 hrs

Polypropylene Wool

Cotton Manilla Nylon

Number of Resting Flies on Various Natural and Synthetic Cords

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

polypro nylon cotton manila wool

Av

era

ge

# o

f R

es

tin

g F

lie

s

B

A

B

CC

Synthetic Fibers

Natural Fibers

Cord Treatment• Cords dipped for ~2 sec.

– Fipronil (Termidor SC, 9.1% a.i., BASF)• a.i. per treatment = 0.1% • 2.7 ml of formulated product + 250 ml of tap water

– Indoxacarb (DPX MPO62, 30WG, DuPont)• a.i. pert treatment = 0.6%• 5 g of formulated product + 250 ml of tap water

• Mortality Defined– Fipronil = inability to remain standing– Indoxacarb = unresponsiveness

Flies killed by treated wool cords

Percent Mortality of House Flies Exposed to Insecticide-Impregnated Cords

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 24 48 72

Hours

% M

ort

alit

y

Fipronil

Indoxacarb

Control

LT50 (hours) Values of Various Natural and Synthetic Cords Impregnated with Insecticides

Cord Treatment Trials (n) Slope ± SE LT50 95% FL

Cotton Fipronil 2750 9.52 ± 0.36 39.70 39.19-40.21

Indoxacarb 2248 4.04 ± 0.13 52.23 50.32-54.25

Manila Fipronil 1000 12.98 ± 0.83 35.04 34.51-35.61

Indoxacarb 1659 5.10 ± 0.74 36.24 32.30-38.73

Wool Fipronil 1250 5.32 ± 0.29 12.87 12.29-13.41

Indoxacarb 4250 6.44 ± 0.16 32.57 32.04-33.12

Polypro Fipronil 4000 4.53 ± 0.17 26.22 25.50-26.91

Indoxacarb 2250 3.11 ± 0.20 52.17 49.68-54.49

Nylon Fipronil 1500 3.68 ± 0.25 23.04 21.25-24.62

Indoxacarb 2000 6.57 ± 0.54 39.23 37.19-40.84

Fipronil Assay = Mortality based on inability to remain standingIndoxacarb Assay = Mortality based on unresponsiveness

Wool Cord @ rate of 30 linear ft/100 ft2 of area

Sampling Stage

Sampling

Walk arena 3 times

4 counts of all flies landing on the sampling stage, food source, and attractant.

Tap Water

10% Sugar Water

Spent Larval Medium

Percent Reduction of House Flies Exposed to Insecticide-Impregnated Cords in Cages

-40

-5

30

65

100

1 2 3

Hours

% R

edu

ctio

n

0 24 48

Fipronil Indoxacarb

Control

New Technologies for Fly Control

• New insecticides– Fipronil– Indoxacarb– Imidacloprid

• Utilize fly behavior– Light Traps– Baited Traps

• New delivery devices– Fly Cords– Sprayable fly baits

• These devices/technologies– Eliminate human contact with insecticides– Can kill flies before they cause harm, reproduce, or transmit

disease

Light Traps

Fly Cords

Baited Traps

Spot Fly Bait

Spot fly bait

Acknowledgements

• U.S. Navy, U.S. Army– Lt. Ricky Vazquez– 1stLT Cynthia Tucker – HM1 Jeff Hertz

• Deployed Warfighter Program

• The entire Urban Entomology Lab at UF