dynamic apps with websockets and mqtt - ibm impact 2014
TRANSCRIPT
© 2014 IBM Corporation
Dynamic Mobile Apps with WebSockets and MQTT
The Compelling Experience
What makes an application a delight to use? - Data arrives when you need it, not when you ask for it - The app provides a collaborative, social experience - Services are integrated seamlessly together
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HTML5 WebSocket for Real-time
“A conversation on the web”
" WebSocket is bidirectional • HTTP is request/response, WebSocket is a conversation
" WebSocket is an HTML5 standard • Cross-domain communication • Supported by all major browsers
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http://caniuse.com/websockets
MQTT for Mobile Messaging
" What is it? • Publish/subscribe messaging protocol designed for mobile and
telemetry devices • Open (royalty-free), simple, lightweight, easy to implement • Allows for decoupled applications (“Internet of Things”) • Quality of service for assured message delivery • MQTT clients connect to an MQTT broker
" Where is it? • Connected vehicles (ex. Sprint Velocity) • Connected cities (ex. NYPD ESU) • Connected people (ex. Facebook Messenger) • ...and everywhere else
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Why MQTT?
" Publish/subscribe messaging • Transmit information one to many • Subscribe to interesting topics • Distribute small data packets in huge volumes
" Quality of Service (QoS) for assured messaging • “At most once”, “At least once”, “Exactly once”
" Simple API • 3 verbs: Connect, Publish, Subscribe (+ Receive) • Useful features: Last Will and Testament, Retain • Clients everywhere (40+) – JavaScript, C, C++, Python, Node.js, Java, Ruby, etc.
" Lightweight • 2-byte header, low latency • Mobile (LTE) = ~100ms, Browser (Wifi) = ~50ms (RTT)
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Quick Demo – Whiteboard
bit.ly/impactwb
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Compelling Experience
" Real-time Monitoring (RaceTracker)"" Scalable Group Chat (Chatterbox)"" Cross-platform MMOG (Starfighter)!
"Agenda (for each demo)"1. Problem"2. Scenario / Architecture"3. Messaging design"4. Play time"5. "What else is possible?""
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Fire up your laptops!
RaceTracker
RaceTracker
" Problem – Marathons are crowded • Me: “Meet me at mile 17.3 with Gatorade around... 9:00-9:30” • Wife: “...could you be more specific?”
" Solution – “RaceTracker” 1. Publish location from iPhone 2. Calculate speed/stats in real time 3. Display runner info in a mobile app 4. Live-tweet the race
" Challenges • Network congestion (QoS!) • Wiring applications (pub/sub!)
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Scenario
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BlueMix
Runner Viewer Analytics Tweeter
Broker
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OwnTracks (iOS / Android) • Open-source "location diary" • Publishes MQTT location data at interval • http://owntracks.org
" Pubs • Location Data (retained) – RaceTracker/<race>/Person/<runner>
• { "_type":"location","tst":"1392569738", "lat":"30.3019","lon":"-‐97.7278", "batt":"30","acc":"5"}
" Subs
• [nothing]
Runner
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Node.js runtime in BlueMix • Performs speed calculations on runner data, maintains course
state, outputs events ("runner X crossed mile 5") " Pubs
• Course Data (retained) – RaceTracker/<race>/Marker/<type>
• { "id":"start", "lon":30.30214, "lat":-‐97.77801 }
– RaceTracker/<race>/Marker/<type>/text • { "text":"Crossed at 7:38 AM with a split of 8:28" }
– RaceTracker/<race>/Course • "-‐97.73911714,30.277803 & -‐979780987,30.28985 & <lon>,<lat> &"
• Events (QoS 2) – RaceTracker/<race>/Person/<runner>/event
• { "type":"split", "splitTime":"10:42:13", "splitMarker":"mile 2", "splitString":"9:45" }
• { "type":"finish", "time":"11:43:13", "totalTime":"4:15:13" }
Analytics
Analytics
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" Pubs (cont.) • Live Analytics (retained) – RaceTracker/<race>/Person/<runner>/text
• { "text": "Pace: (about) 9:18 min/mile" }
" Subs • Location Data – RaceTracker/<race>/Person/+
• { "_type":"location","tst":"1392569738", "lat":"30.3019","lon":"-‐97.7278", "batt":"30","acc":"5"}
Analytics
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HTML5 Map UI • Course data, analytics, and runners are displayed on a map
and updated in real-time through MQTT over WebSockets • Uses OpenLayers JavaScript library with ESRI imagery
" Pubs • [Nothing]
" Subs • Location Data – RaceTracker/<race>/Person/+
• Live Analytics – RaceTracker/<race>/Person/+/text – RaceTracker/<race>/Marker/+/text
• Course Data – RaceTracker/<race>/Marker/+ RaceTracker/<race>/Course
Viewer
Play time
bit.ly/IBMRaceTracker
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What else is possible?
" This is a simple messaging model (flows 1 direction) • “But WebSocket is bidirectional!”
" Future Ideas: • Voice chat to runner – Audio encouragement
• Augment runner app with live leaderboard – Google Glass = augmented reality race – “Arnaud Mathieu is 0.23 miles ahead of you!”
" A decoupled application with MQTT allows for easy extension and integration of new features
" What else is possible?
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Chatterbox
Chatterbox
" Problem • Need scalable chat that works anywhere you are. – 2G in the country, LTE in the city, Wifi at Impact! – Reliability is key
• Need scalable chat that works on any device – Think desktop, mobile... wearable, etc.
" Solution – “Chatterbox” • MQTT HTML5 ßà MQTT native iOS • Assured messaging with QoS • Text, picture, audio, video chat
" Challenges • Cross-platform messaging (MQTT Paho clients!) • Constrained networks (MQTT durable subscriber!)
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Scenario
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Broker
Chatterbox HTML5 - Desktop
Chatterbox HTML5 - Mobile
Chatterbox iOS
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Web App / Native App (iOS) • All clients use same "Chatterbox" JSON API
" Pubs
• Room Data (retained) – chatterbox/Room/<room_id>
• { "id":"IBMIMP5116", "name":"IBM Impact", "password":"" }
• Presence (retained) – chatterbox/Room/<room_id>/User/<uuid>
• { "displayName":"Bryan Boyd", "color":"green", "uuid":<uuid> }
• Chat Data – chatterbox/Room/<room_id>/Chat
• { "name":"Bryan Boyd", "uuid":<uuid>, "format":"text", "data":"Hello world!", "index":0, "max":1, "id":"b4ps8fjqgg", "timestamp":1398875852255 }
Chatterbox
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" Subs • Room Data (retained) – chatterbox/Room/+
• Presence (retained) – chatterbox/Room/<room_id>/User/+
• Chat Data – chatterbox/Room/<room_id>/Chat
Image / Audio / Video
• Split, send as QoS 1, reconstruct message at subscribers
{ "name":"Bryan Boyd", "uuid":<uuid>, "id":"b4ps8fjqgg", "timestamp": ... "format":"data:audio/wav;base64", "index":1,"max":6, "data":"UklGriDAAQZa... "format":"data:image/png;base64", "index":7,"max":17, "data":"whW+fd+JsGg... "format":"data:video/mp4;base64", "index":9,"max":31, "data":"8F\/yzUBAQY...
Chatterbox
Play time
[see Arnaud for free tablets] or
bit.ly/ibmchatterbox
(use Chrome, accept camera/microphone prompts)
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What else is possible?
" Even more collaboration • Broadcast streaming audio, video • Screen share, drawing • Record MQTT messages to “archive” a collaboration and play
back in real time " Integrate social media
• Link twitter account • Type “:tweet: <chat>” to publish a tweet
" What else is possible?
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Starfighter
Starfighter
" Problem • Quickly build a massively multiplayer game • Need low latency from client to client • To scale, we need to intelligently deliver the right data to the
right place at the right time " Solution – “Starfighter”
• MMOG, IoT-style... • Every ship is a MQTT client – Humans: HTML5, Bots: Node.js
• Every action is a message – Shoot / Move / Hit
• Client-to-Broker-to-Client for low latency " Challenges
• Data management (dynamic subscriptions!)
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Scenario
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Broker
Player AI Bot Viewer
BlueMix
BlueMix
Scoring
Mobile-ready App (HTML5)
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" Pubs • "Telemetry" – 16 msg/sec – starfighter/players/ship/<z>/<x>/<y>/<uuid>
{ "uuid":"gqds2na46a","time":1398962284414, "name":"@bryanboyd","type":"ship", "worldPos": {"x":"10022.6","y":"2698.2"}, "velocity": {"x":"0.1","y":"185.8"}, "angle":"8.9", "shield":"1.0000", "status":"NORMAL", "score":0 "lastHitTime":1398962247380, "lastUpdate":1398962261510 }
• Gunfire – starfighter/players/bullet/<z>/<x>/<y>/<uuid>
• { "uuid":"gqds2na46a", "action":"shoot", "bullets":3 }
• Events – starfighter/players/event/<z>/<x>/<y>/<uuid>
• { "uuid":"gqds2na46a", "name":"@bryanboyd", action:"hit", "damage":0.03, "by":"u6xnd" }
• { "uuid":"gqds2na46a", "name":"@bryanboyd", action:"destroyed", "bonus":500, "by":"u6xnd" }
Mobile-ready App (HTML5)
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" Subs • "Telemetry" – starfighter/players/ship/<z>/<x>/<y>/+
• Gunfire – starfighter/players/bullet/<z>/<x>/<y>/+
• Events – starfighter/players/event/<z>/<x>/<y>/+
How does this scale? Not well. - 10 players x 16 msgs/sec telemetry is okay - 100 players x 16 msgs/sec telemetry is not - 10000 players x 16 msgs/sec...
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" Idea: • Map ship x,y coord to a map region • Include region in the topic • Publish multiple feeds at different rates: – z = 0, 1 msg/sec – z = N, 2n msg/sec ... – z = 4, 16 msg/sec – Total = (2z_max – 1)
• As your ship changes regions, change the publishing topic
Location Topics
3 2 1 0
1
2
3
0 1
0
1
0
0
z = 0 z = 1 z = 2
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" Idea • Which feeds do I need? (find z) – smallest map region that encompasses viewport
• Where am I? (find x, y) • Subscribe to z/x/y and the neighboring regions • As your ship changes regions, subscribe to the new topics and unsubscribe from the old
" Benefits
• Viewer just subscribes to z = 0, gets N msgs/sec • Player gets fine-grained data about neighboring players to draw
smoothly... no more "lag kills"
Dynamic Subscriptions
Hackathon-ready
" To build an AI... • Pick a random position and vector • Publish telemetry, update position over time, and fire away • Subscribe to topics for local region • If a player gets within X dist, update vector to intercept
" Node.js bots in BlueMix
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BlueMix
Play time
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[see Arnaud for free tablets] or
bit.ly/playstarfighter
optimized for Google Chrome
What else is possible?
" Other scenarios: • Fleet management – Track vehicle movements and inventory in real time – Provide feeds of different granularity based on map region
• Online gaming – poker, horse betting – Pub/sub is good for a gaming table, real-time race tracking,
assured messaging for placing bets • Collaboration – Many users can control and affect the same virtual space
" What else is possible?
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Takeaways
Takeaways
" WebSockets – extending real-time communication to browsers " MQTT – scalable, reliable, fast messaging everywhere
• Scalable – pub/sub, tiny headers • Reliable – quality of service for assured messaging • Fast – with the right broker, low latency at scale • Everywhere – Eclipse Paho clients
A great protocol needs a great broker...
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IBM MessageSight
" Secure messaging for Mobile and Internet of Things • MQTT Broker (TCP + WebSocket), JMS
" Mobile engineered – very fast, reliable messaging " Massive scale – a million connections, millions of msgs/sec " Simple configuration – secure messaging topics and
endpoints with policies
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Scaling with IBM MessageSight
" 1 million concurrent connections, millions of msgs/sec " What we can do:
• RaceTracker – Track the Boston, NYC, and Chicago marathons at the same time
• Chatterbox – Run low-latency, secure, on-premise chat for your entire enterprise
• Starfighter – Thousands of players can collaborate simultaneously – Monitor and control tens of thousands of sensors
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In conclusion...
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" WebSocket for bidirectional communication " MQTT for efficient mobile-to-mobile publish/subscribe " IBM MessageSight for scalability, security, and simplicity
With real-time, scalable mobile messaging...
what kind of compelling experiences can you create?
References
" Demo site: http://m2m.demos.ibm.com/ " M2M Community
https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/community/blogs/c565c720-fe84-4f63-873f-607d87787327/entry/mobile_messaging?lang=en
" Download free virtual image for Development: https://www.ibmdw.net/messaging/messagesight/
" MQTT.org: http://mqtt.org/ " Eclipse Paho project: http://www.eclipse.org/paho/ " IBM Messaging community:
http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/connect/IBMmessaging " IBM Messaging media:
http://www.youtube.com/user/IBMmessagingMedia?feature=watch " IBM MessageSight: http://www.ibm.com/messagesight " IBM and Sprint Velocity Drive Connected Car Into The Future:
http://www.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/41441.wss
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Thank You
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