Unit 5: Dynamic Earth Earth Science- Ms. Gill Note Packet #6

Vocabulary:

Asthenospherecontact MetamorphismContinental crustConvergentCrustDensityDivergent

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UNIT 5: DYNAMIC EARTH

PACKET 6: PLATE TECTONICS, EARTHQUAKES & VOLCANOES

HONORS EARTH SCIENCE

MS. GILL

NOTE PACKET #6

NAME:_______________________ PER:____ DATE:______ ________

“I feel the Earth move under my feet” p.s. I’m

Geno

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Unit 5: Dynamic Earth Earth Science- Ms. Gill Note Packet #6

Down-warpingDynamic EquilibriumEarthquake epicentersEarthquake magnitudeEarthquakesEquilibriumFaultingFolding Heat enginesHeat flowHot spotsHydrosphereInner coreIsland arcsLithospheric platesMagmaMagnetic patternsMantleMid-ocean ridgeOceanic crustOuter corePlatePlate tectonicsRadioactive materialsRateRefractionResidual heatRock cycleseismic WavesStatic EquilibriumSubduction zoneTectonic forcesTransformTrenchesTsunamisVelocityVolcanoes

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I. Earth’s Interior:

Four Layers (see page 10 of Ref Tables)

-__________________: solid, dense, 6,000º C, Iron and Nickel

-__________________: Liquid, dense, 3,700º-5,500ºC (increases with depth), Iron and Nickel

-__________________: Solid, minerals rich in Fe, Si, Ma, 1,500º - 3,200º C

-__________________: upper layer, rigid, lighter rock, <1,000ºC

Some terms to know:- _______________________: Upper layer of the mantle, may act in a semi-fluid (plastic) manner

- _________________: (Mohorovicic Discontinuity): The boundary between the mantle and the crust

- _______________________: Consists of the crust and the rigid upper mantle

Where is the crust thickest? ______________________________Where is the crust thinnest? _______________________________

Why is the core so hot?-Still retains heat from original formation.-Radioactive materials releasing energy as they decay.-Increased pressure from above

What happens to rock density, going from the crust to the core? ______________________What happens to temperature, going from the crust to the core? ______________________What happens to pressure, going from the crust to the core? ________________________

Unit 5: Dynamic Earth Earth Science- Ms. Gill Note Packet #6

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II. The Theory of Plate Tectonics: The Earth’s lithosphere is made of a number of solid pieces , called ____________ which move in relation to each other. These plates are “riding” on a more “plastic molten” layer below. This layer is called the _____________________________.

Theory of Continental Drift:A. Proposed by ___________ ____________ in 1915. It stated that the Earth’s continents separated and

collided as they have moved over the surface of the Earth for millions of years. B. Wegener’s evidence for his theory:1. When you line up _____________________ and ________________________ they appear to fit like a

puzzle.

2. ___________ species have been found on widely separated parts of the Earth.

3. ___________________ and _______________________ have a good match of

ancient continental rocks and tectonic ____________ and ___________ structures.

4. Some mountain chains appear to be continuous from ___________________ to __________________Ex. _____________________________ and ______________________________

5. Evidence of _________________ climates

Ex. _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________

6. Rocks of the ocean basins are _________________________ then continental rocks.

Unit 5: Dynamic Earth Earth Science- Ms. Gill Note Packet #6

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A. The two major Pieces of evidence are for seafloor spreading are:1. ________________________________________________________________2. ________________________________________________________________ When rock hardened it kept the alignment forming a permanent record of the

______________________ ______________________ of the Earth at that time.

Rocks found farther from the ridges have a __________________ magnetic polarity.

Parallel stripes of ___________________ on either side of these ridges preserve

the record of many _____________________ of the Earth’s magnetic field.

B. The _____________________, ___________________ (basaltic) igneous rocks of the crust near the ocean ridges are covered with a thin layer of _________________.

This is evidence that the Earth’s crust is very _________________ near the ridges. The oldest parts of the ocean crust are found far from the _______________ ridges and near the ____________________.

Lithospheric plates _________________ in size and are made up of a combination of _______________________ crust and _____________________________ crust.

1c. When two continental plates converge the edges of _____________ are crumpled up forming __________________ _____________________.

Unit 5: Dynamic Earth Earth Science- Ms. Gill Note Packet #6

Three kinds of plate motion occur at plate boundaries:1.____________________ 2. ____________________ 3. ______________________

There are three types of convergent boundaries:

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II. Ocean Floor Spreading:Further evidence of horizontal movement of Earth’s crust. C. The ocean floor has a system of submerged

mountain ranges called ___________________________________________________________

Material from deep within the Earth comes to the surface at the ________________

where is spreads apart to make __________ ________________ ______________

1a. When ocean collides with continent the ____________________ ocean plate dives

down under or ____________ into the mantle forming a ________________ ________

1b. When two ocean plates converge the ____________, _______________ ocean plate will _______________________ forming an ___________________ ____________.

Unit 5: Dynamic Earth Earth Science- Ms. Gill Note Packet #6

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2. At _______________ plate boundaries, the plates move __________ and ___________

flows up forming parallel ridges made of ______ ______________ _____________

3. At transform plate boundaries, the plates move ________________ each other causing shallow ________________ ______________________.

Unit 5: Dynamic Earth Earth Science- Ms. Gill Note Packet #6

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I. Mantle Convection Cells:The evidence shows that approximately _______ million years ago, the major continents were_______________, and since that time they have been _________________.

A convection cell is a stream of heated material that is moving because of ___________

_________________. These convection cells exist in the part of the mantle called the _______________________. The two sources of this heat are:1. ___________________________________________________________________2. ___________________________________________________________________

Hot Spots:Places on the Earth’s surface where plumes of ________________ are rising up from the

mantle not located along ________________ ______________ ________________.

As a plate passes over a hot spot, a __________ ___ ___________ _______________

Forms. The only mountain that _______________ ______________ is the mountain

located directly over the __________ _____________.

Unit 5: Dynamic Earth Earth Science- Ms. Gill Note Packet #6

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