Dynamic Networking and Smart Sensing Enable

Next-Generation Landmines

William M. Merrill, Lewis Girod, Brian Schiffer, Dustin McIntire, Guillaume Rava, Katayoun Sohrabi, Fredric Newberg, Jeremy Elson, William Kaiser IEEE Pervasive Computing October-December  2004 Presenter : Tim

Outline History of Landmine Self-Healing Minefield SHM Operation SHM Hardware SHM Software SHM Performance Future Work Conclusion

History of Landmines 15th century American Civil War

wider use World War I

antipersonnel mines, antitank mines World War II

new deployment methods Recent landmine systems

detonation by remote operator

Future Landmines System Current landmine systems are not good

enough. Should include

Networked communication Embedded processing Operating without external infrastructure Graceful degrading

Self-Healing Minefield (SHM) A DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency ) Applied Te

chnology Office program Dr. Thomas W. Altshuler is the Program Manager Three teams are engaged in research and development.

Alliant Techsystems, Inc. Sandia National Laboratories Science Applications International Corporation

Sensoria Corporation—Design, construction, and testing of the communications; ad hoc, multihop, self-assembling network; and the acoustic ranging subsystem.

The program is completed and system technology is transited to the U.S. Army.

SHM Operation

The graphs are from http://www.darpa.mil/ato/programs/SHM/htmldemo.html

SHM Objectives Autonomously identify and respond to an enemy attack within 1

0 seconds of a breach attempt or vulnerability in the minefield.

Move an individual 2 kg prototype mine 10 meters in response to the breach

Assure mine mobility in all environmental conditions and terrain where enemy tanks can operate.

Rapidly assemble a scalable communication network and self-geolocate in 5-15 minutes.

Provide robust mine-to-mine communication resistant to enemy countermeasures.

SHM Objectives (con.) Have a Non-GPS based geolocation with 1 mete

r location accuracy.

Expand number for prototype mines to at least 50 and demonstrate tactically significant minefield behavioral response to an enemy breach.

Maintain or reduce overall volume as compared to currently fielded scatterable antivehicle mines.

SHM

SHM Hardware

This figure is borrowed from “Dynamic Networking and Smart Sensing Enable Next-Generation Landmines”

SHM Software

This figure is borrowed from “Dynamic Networking and Smart Sensing Enable Next-Generation Landmines”

Testing 50 to 95 SHM nodes In a field 35-m deep by up to 190-m across

(for 95 nodes) Obtain the results through Ethernet

connections to a fraction of the nodes

SHM Performance

The lack of correlation of test size and network formation time results from the parallel formation of the SHM dual-cluster topology and from the scalability of the developed network assembly algorithm.

This figure is borrowed from “Dynamic Networking and Smart Sensing Enable Next-Generation Landmines”

SHM Performance (con.)

J. Elson, L.Girod, and D. Estrin, “Fine-Grained Network Time Synchronization Using Reference Broadcasts,“ Proc. Fifth Sump. Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI 2002)

This figure is borrowed from “Dynamic Networking and Smart Sensing Enable Next-Generation Landmines”

SHM Performance (con.)

85 percent of range measurements within 1 m of ground truth and 70 percent of angle measurements within 20° of ground truth

W. Merrill et al., ‘Autonomous Position Location in Distributed, Embedded, Wireless Systems,” Proc. IEEE CAS Workshop Wireless Communications and Networking, IEEE Press, 2002, pp. 1-8

This figure is borrowed from “Dynamic Networking and Smart Sensing Enable Next-Generation Landmines”

Future Work Include

extend the system’s lifetime warhead communication security reduce size

But .. The program is completed and system technology

was transited to the U.S. Army.

Conclusion Some of the SHM technologies are under con

sideration and support of other weapon systems.

http://www.darpa.mil/ato/programs/SHM/ Peace! No war!!