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DYSLEXIA

1. Myths

2. What it is

3. Strengths

4. Difficulties

5. Accommodations

6. What works

MYTHS ABOUT DYSLEXIA

WHAT DYSLEXIA IS NOT:

o People who see things backwards.o People who can’t read.o Laziness.o A rare condition.o More common in boys than in girls.

WHAT IS DYSLEXIA

Dys=Difficulty with

Lexia=Language

DYSLEXIA IS:

o An inherited conditiono Neurological in origino Difficulty with language :

o Oral speecho Auditory processingo Reading and Writing

NEUROLOGICAL ORIGIN

STRENGTHS:

o Artistico Athletico Mechanical giftso 3-D visualization abilityo Musical talento Creative problem solving skillso Intuitive people skills

EARLY WARNING SIGNS:

o Ear infectionso Speech delayo Difficulty tying shoeso Discriminating left from righto Late establishing dominant hando Difficulty with sequencing and memoryo Rhymingo Organization

DIFFICULTY WITH LANGUAGE

Oral Speech:o Speech delayo Mixing up sounds when saying long

wordso Stutteringo Articulation difficulties (M-N, R-L, S-SH-

CH)o Word retrieval

DIFFICULTY WITH LANGUAGE

Auditory Processing:o Auditory memory sizeo Process a bit more slowlyo Auditory discriminationo Phonemic Awareness

DIFFICULTY WITH LANGUAGE

Typical Reading Mistakes:o Read same beginning, ending and

shape ( i.e. house-horse, first-fast).o Read same letters in different sequence

(i.e. who-how, stop-spot)o Reversals (big-dig, may-way)o Leave out endingso Leave out function words (who, at, it)

o When reading stories, uses clues such as pictures and word patterns (pony-horse).

o Able to recognize a word on a page but not on the next.

o Usually won’t try to sound out an unfamiliar word.

DIFFICULTY WITH LANGUAGE

Writing: (better indicator)o Difficulty with spelling (including high

frequency words)o Often, no vowelso Bad penmanship/ Dysgraphia (not always)o Difficulty with capitalization and

punctuationo Reversals after two years of formal

instruction

My favorite animal is a panda bear because they are very cute. and fluffy when they are babies is so cute that they are babies very pretty When they are babies they are fluffy cute pretty they like bambooyou will really like it because when the growthey are still fluffy and cute I love panda bears are very cute.

CLASSROOM ACCOMMODATIONS

Students Need a teacher who:

• Will understand their frustration

• Who understands that their difficulties are caused by an inherited brain difference

• Will not humiliate them in front of their peers

• Will help reduce fear and anxiety

WHAT WORKS

Orton-Gillingham Systems:

• Simultaneously multisensory (uses all learning pathways in the brain)

• Systematic and cumulative (follows a logical order of the language)

• Direct instruction (student-teacher interaction)

• Diagnostic teaching (content must be mastered in order to progress)

WHAT WORKS

• Synthetic and Analytic Instruction (parts of language can be put together to make a whole, and a whole can broken down into component parts)

• Comprehensive and Inclusive (all levels of language are addressed; phonemes, graphemes, morphemes, semantics, syntax, discourse and pragmatics)

ORTON-GILLINGHAM SYSTEMS

o Barton Reading and Spelling Systemo Slingerlando Alphabetic Phonicso Project Reado Wilson Reading Systemo Language!o Sounds In Syllables

RESEARCH-BASED DEFINITION OF DYSLEXIADyslexia is a specific learning disability (DSM-5) that is neurological in origin.

It is characterized by difficulties with accurate and /or fluent word recognition and by poor spelling and decoding abilities.

These difficulties typically result from a deficit in the phonological component of language that is often unexpected in relation to other cognitive abilities and the provision of effective classroom instruction.

Secondary consequences may include problems in reading comprehension and reduced reading experience that can impede growth of vocabulary and background knowledge.o DyslexiaLand: A map and Guide for Students, parents and Educators

o By: Cheri Rae