dysrhythmias (a.k.a. arrhythmias) > disorders in the

8/14/2019 DYSRHYTHMIAS (a.k.a. Arrhythmias) > Disorders in The

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DYSRHYTHMIAS (a.k.a. Arrhythmias) > disorders in the atrial formation or conduction ofelectrical impulses within the heart. Signs & symptoms vary according to the type of

dysrhythmia, but the most common is palpitations.

Diagnostic Test: Electrocardiogram (ECG)Classification of Cardiac Dysrhythmias:

1. SINUS

a. Sinus Bradycardia impulse (< 60) in the sinus node created at a slower rate withregular rhythm.

b. Sinus Tachycardia impulse (100-120) in the sinus node created at a faster rate withregul

ar rhythm.

c. Sinus Arrhythmia impulse (60-100) in the sinus node is created at an irregular

rhythm.

2. ATRIAL

a. Premature Atrial Complex skipped beats or missed beats single ECG complexthat occurs when an electrical impulse starts in the atrium prior to the next normal

impulse of the sinus node.

b. Atrial Flutter impulses are created at a regular rate between 250 and 400 times/min.

Saw-toothed shape (F waves).

c. Atrial Fibrillation rapid disorganized uncoordinated twitching of atrial musculature.


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3. VENTRICULAR

a. Premature Ventricular Complex firing of irritable pacemaker in the ventricles

before the next normal sinus impulse. DANGER if >6/min coupled with normal beat(bigeminy), in pairs after every third beat (trigeminy), resulted from acute MI.

b. Ventricular Tachycardia 3 or more PVCs in a row at a rate exceeding 100 bpm

maybe unresponsive or pulseless. Torsade de pointes a form of VT in which the QRS

complexes are continually changing.

c. Ventricular Fibrillation life threatening dysrhythmia with disorganize ventricularrhythm which can cause abrupt cessation of effective cardiac output. It is characterized

by absence of audible heartbeat, palpable pulse and respirations.

4. JUNCTIONAL ARRHYTHMIAS

a. Premature Junctional Complex impulse that starts in the AV nodal area before the

next normal sinus impulse reaches the AV node.

b. Junctional Rhythm AV node becomes the pacemaker of the heart (40-60 bpm).

c. Nonparoxysmal Junctional Tachycardia improved automaticity in the junctionalarea which leads to a rhythm similar to junctional rhythm but with a higher rate of 70-

120.


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d. Nodal Reentry Tachycardia impulse is conducted to an area in the AV node &

rerouted back into the same area repeatedly at a very fast rate. Atrial rate of 150-250 and

Ventricular rate of 75-250.

5. HEART BLOCKS (a.k.a. AV Blocks)a. 1st Degree AV block all atrial impulses are conducted into the AV node at a slower

rate than normal.

b. 2nd Degree AV block Type I (Mobitz I or Wenkebach) all but one of a series of

atrial impul

ses are conducted through the AV node.

c. 2nd Degree AV block Type II (Mobitz II) only some atrial impulses conducted to the

AV node.

d. 3rd Degree AV block no atrial impulse is conducted to the AV node.

Management:

Cardioversion or Defibrillation

Antiarrhythmic agents (beta blockers, lidocaine, etc.)

dysrhythmias (a.k.a. arrhythmias) > disorders in the

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