E-341VOL. 2

Annex 16

World Bank Financed Water Saving Irrigation Project in Beijing

Report on Environmental Influence Evaluation

Evaluation institution:

China Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric-Power Research Institute

Co-Evaluation Institutions:

Beijing Water Environment monitoring Center

Beijing Water Conservancy Scientific Research Institute

Office of Water Saving Irrigation Project in BeijingFinanced by World Bank

July, 2000

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Beijing Report on the Evaluation of the Environmental influence for the

World Bank-Funded Water-Saving Irigation Project

Evaluation Institution: China Water Conservancy andHydroelectric-Power Research Institute

Legal Representative: Gao Jizhang

Evaluation Institution: Environmental Evaluation and Research Center,China Water Conservancy andHydroelectric-Power Research Institute.

Representative of the Unite: Chen Kaiqi

Cooperation Institutions: Beijing Water Environment Monitoring CenterBeijing Water Conservancy Scientific Research Institute

Direction of the Project: Chen Kaiqi, Ding Yueyuan.

Compiled By: Zhu Yao (No.08262 of the envirom-nental

Evaluation certificates)Zhao Jun, Liu Peibin

Participants of the Project: Chen Kaiqi (No.0044 of theEnvironmental evaluation certificates)

Wang Dongsheng (No.08242 of theEnvironmental evaluation certificates)

Lu Guangsi, Wang Jianting,Liu Chunming, Cai Jinbao

Revised by: Liu Lanfen.

Approved by: Zhang Jun.

I General Description1.1 Preface

Beijing is the capital of the People's Republic of China, an ancient cultural city with a

population of more than 10 million. It is an open-up intemational city, and the environment in the

city should be comfortable to match its important status. Beijing is located in the semi-arid and

semi-humid region. The average annual precipitation is 595 mm. The water resources per capita is

less than 300 m3, which is 1/8 of the national average and 1/30 of the intemational average.Beijing is one of the largest cities with the year and among years, flood and drought frequentlyoccur. Especially, the drought occurs during several consecutive years, which intensifies the water

shortage problem. According to the prediction from "Water Resources Sustainable Utilization

Planning in the Capital in the early parts of 21-st Century", the amount of water shortage in 2005will be 0.794 billion rn3 and the amount of water shortage in 2010 will be 1.182 billion m3. The*water resource demand and supply conflict has been a restricting factor for the economic

development and environment improvement in the capital.There are 330 thousand ha. of arable land in Beijing suburb, which is the important

production base. Agriculture is the largest user of water, which consumes over 50% of the totalwater consumption. Though 230 thousand ha. of water-saving irrigation land had been constructedby the end of 1998, the water usage efficiency is still relatively low due to poor management.W^Jhich the rapid development of the municipal construction and the rapid economic developmentand population growth, more and more water is needed to satisfy the industrial and domesticconsumption. Agricultural water consumption has to depend on the over-exploitation ofgroundwater. In some areas, the deep depressions have been formed with the towns as the centres.Hence, developing water-saving irrigation, enhancing the water consumption management level,improving the soil structure, increasing the water utilization efficiency are the good approaches tooptimize water resources allocation, alleviate the water supply an demand conflict and improvethe local ecological environment.

According to the Beijing reality and the principles of project regions selection, 36 towns in 7counties ( that is, Chao Yang, Tong Zhou, Da Xing, Fang Shan, Chang Ping, Mi Yun and Ping Gu )have been chosen as the project regions. They are selected to develop water-saving irrigationtechnologies, including low-pressure pipeline irrigation, spray irrigation, micro irrigation and

canal lining, etc.This project is an irrigation technology renovation project. The main purpose is to enhance

the water utilization efficiency by renovating the existing facilities in the arable lands, to promotethe sound circulation of agricultural ecological environment, and to realize the sustainabledevelopment of agricultural production. Hence, this project is an environment improvementproject to a large extent.

According to the "work Guidelines (OP4.0 1) for Environment Influence Evaluation of WorldBank" and the national "Notice of Intensifying the Environment Evaluation Management for theProjects sponsored by International financial Institutions", Enviromnent Evaluation and ResearchCenter of China Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric-Power Research Institute has authorizedBeijing Water Environrment Monitoring Center and Beijing Water Conservancy ScientificResearch Institute to compile the Beijing part of "World Bank Financed Water-Saving IrrigationProject Report on Environmental Influence Evaluation".1.2 Compiling basis and evaluation standard of the report on the environmental influence

evaluation

1.2.1 Compiling basisThe following related laws, documents and reports which are issued by various-level

governments are the basis of compiling this environmental influence evaluation report:

"Environment protection management regulations for the construction projects" the state

Council (98) No.253 order

"The People's Republic of China Environment Protection Law" (Dec. 26, 1989)

"The people's Republic of China Water Pollution Prevention and Treatment Law" (May 11,

1984)

"World Bank Environment Influence Evaluation Working Guidelines" (OP4.01)

"Environment Influence Evaluation Introduction and Guidelines" (HJ/T 2.2-2.3-93)

"Environment Influence Evaluation Introduction and Guidelines" Non-Pollution Ecological

Influence (HJ/T 19-1997)

"Environment Influence Evaluation Specification for water conservancy and hydropower

Projects" ( SDJ-302-88)

"Beijing World Bank-Funded Water-Saving Irrigation Project Proposal" (1998.10)

"Pre-Feasibility Study Report of Beijing World Bank-Funded Water-Saving Irrigation

Project"

"General Planning Research on the Beijing Environrment", World Bank-Funded Project"

(1996)

"Beijing Water Environment Function Planning"

1.2.2 Evaluation Standard

"Agricultural Irrigation Water Quality Standard"(GB5084-92)

"Surface Water Environment Quality Standard" (GB3838-88)"Groundwater Quality Standard" (GB/T 14848-93)

"Soil Environment Quality Standard" (GB 15618-95)

"Water-Saving Irrigation Technical Specification" (SL 207-98)

"Beijing Water Pollutants Discharge Standard"(Oct. 15, 1985, issued by Beijing Municipal

Government)

1.3 Evaluation grade

According to the environment grading principles contained in the environment monitoring

document (No.324 [1993]) and "world Bank Environmnent Influence Evaluation Working

Guidelines" (OP4.01), the environment evaluation of the project is graded to be type B.

1.4 Environmental Protection objectives(1). The implementation of the water-saving irrigation project should improve the water

resources utilization condition and realize the water resources supply-demand balance and

sustainable water resources utilization.

(2). Take effective measures, rationally apply pesticides and chemical fertilizers and

guarantee the project will no increase the groundwater pollution problems and other pollution

problems.

(3). Conserve the soil and water, do not increase the soil-water erosion area.

1.5 Evaluation Scope, content and working procedureThe scope of the project construction is the evaluation scope, which consists of 27 sub-

project regions in 7 counties (Chaoyang, Tongzhou, Daxing, Fangshan, Changping. Miyun.

Pinggu). The evaluation scope involves 36 towns and 284 villages with a population of 285.715

thousand people. The total arable land area is 26109 ha. Refer to the Appendix Figure 1.

The main environment evaluation contents are as follows:

(1). Evaluation of the current environmnent quality in the project region.

(2). Construction of the project region.

(3). Evaluation of the influence on enviromnent by the implementation of the project

(4). Analysis and evaluation of the project construction benefit

(5). Public evaluation of the project.

(6). Enviromnent protection countermeasures and measures

(7). Environment monitoring and protection management plan

The project environment evaluation should abide by the national environment protection laws

and related standards, satisfy the regulations and requirements for the environment influence

evaluation of the projects funded by the international financial institutions, and satisfy the

requirement of World Bank Environment Influence Evaluation working Guideline (OP4.01) in

regard of evaluation content and evaluation depth.

Analysis the potential influence on the environment by the project according to the feasibility

study report of different project sub-regions. Evaluation methods include typical investigation,

analogy, reasoning, induction, etc.. From the perspective of environment protection, prove the

project feasibility and the rationalization of the proposed environment protection measures.

The evaluation working procedure is as follows:

1). Determine the project content, dimension, evaluation, evaluation basis, evaluation

standard, evaluation scope, environment protection objectives.

2). Prove the supporting conditions (technological, economic, management) to complete the

project

3). Investigation and evaluation of natural geographical features, soil-water resources,

hydrology and meteorology, social and economic situation in the project region.

4). Investigation and evaluation of the environment situation, resources allocation, quantity

and quality of the soil, surface water and groundwater.

5). Envirornment problems before the implementation of the project and evaluation of the

influence on enviromnent, resources and ecology by the implementation of the project.

6). Analysis of the effect on society and economy, resources, ecological environment by the

implementation of the project.

7). Collect the evaluation opinions of the project from different groups of the society, revise

the comprehensive benefit of the project from different perspectives, especially the resources

benefit and environmental beneft;

8). According to the evalu4n above, propose the objective conclusion and the operatable

suggestions for alleviating and preventing environmental pollution.

2 Basic situation in the project region and the evaluation of the current

environmental quality2.1 Basic situation in the project region

2.1.1 Name and nature of the projectName of the project: Beijing World Bank-Funded Water-Saving Irrigation Project

'Nature of the project: Renovated project

2.1.2 Nature geographical features

(1) Location of the project region

Beijing is located in the north part of North China Plain, form 115' 25 ' E to 117° 30 ' E

and from 39' 28 ' N to 41' 05 ' N.

The project region is located in the suburbs of Beijing, which consists of Chaoyang,

Tongzhou, Daxing, Fangshan, Changping, Miyun and Pinggu with a total area of 464.84 km2. The

area of mountain areas is 104.86 km2 (22.6% of the total area), which is mainly located in Miyun

and Pinggu. The area of the plain is 359.98 km2 (77.4% of the total area).

(2) Terrains and landforms

In the project region, the landforms go through medium-height mountain, low-height

mountain, hills to plain from west to east and from north to south. There are mountain ranges in

the mountain areas, and the plain is very spacious. The elevation in mountain areas is 460-100 m.

The elevation of the plain from northwest to southeast is 100-10 m. There are some island

mountains, dunes and hillocks at the tableland before the mountains and at the plain before the

mountains.

(3) Characteristics of climateThe climate in the project region is the temperate semi-arid and semi-humid monsoon

climate. Winter is the longest season, Summer is the second longest season, Summer is hot and

rainy, Autumn is sunny and winter is cold and dry. The average wind velocity is 2-3 m/s. The

velocity in Summer and Autumn is the smallest. The average annual temperature is 12.1 C. The

maximum average monthly temperature is 25.8 C (July), the minimum average monthlytemperature is -3.8C (Jan.). The average relative humidity is 58.2%. The average annual sunlight

period is 2499.6 h. There are 211 days of frost-free. The maximum depth of frozen soil is 56 cm.

The evaporation amount from water surface is 1878.5 mm.

The average annual precipitation is 605.7 mm. Because of the geographical location and theterrain, the precipitation distribution within the year is uneven. The precipitation amount during

the rainy season (June to Sep.) accounts for more than 80% of the total annual precipitation. The

precipitation varies greatly among different years. In 1959, the precipitation is 1406 mm, but the

precipitation in 1980 is only 250 mm. The precipitation is gradually from north to south.

(4) Soil

In the mountain area of the project region, the soil type is mainly the light loam, and there are

some other soil types, such as sandy loam and medium loam. The soil in the plain area is mainly

the alluvial substance. The east part and southeast part of the project region is the area of

salinization. After many years of soil amelioration, the area has been changed to fertil soil.

(5) Hvdro-geological conditionA. Hydro-geological condition in the mountain areas

The groundwater distribution in the mountain areas are governed by rock properties and rock

structure. There are 3 rock groups containing water: carbonate rock, clastic rock, magmatic rock

and metamorphic rock.

B. Hydro-geological condition in the plain areas

The surface of the plain area is covered by the sediments of Quatemary Period. The plain is

formed by the force of rivers and is mainly the alluvial sediments. The sediment layer depth is

from 10 m to several hundreds of meters. Generally speaking, the sediment is getting thicker and

thicker from northwest to southeast. The rock property is arranged by the sequence: cobble, gravel,

S

sand, clay sand and sandy clay. According to the aquifer rock property and structure, there are 4

kinds of regions:

Region in front of the mountains: the region connecting the north and west mountain areas

and the plain areas, the slope is relatively big and the yield per well is less than 500 m3/d.

Upper region of the alluvial sector: it is the good region to subside the shallow groundwater.

The yield per well is usually greater than 3000 m3/d. There is more than 5m of water table change

within the year.

Middle region of the alluvial sector: It is the transient belt between shallow groundwater and

confined water. The yield per well is usually greater than 1500 m3/d.

Lower region of the alluvial sector: It is usually the connecting belt of the bottom of several

alluvial sector. The water table is relatively low. The yield per well is usually less than 1500 m3/d.

(6) Water resources situation

A. Water resources amount

The project region belongs to the Hai He watershed. Form east to west, there are 5 river

systems, namely, Ji Yun He, ChaoBai He, Bei Yun He, Yong Ding He and Da Qing He. Bei Yun

He originates form Beijing, Ji Yun He, Chao Bai He and Da Qing He orginate form Hebei

province, Yong Ding He orginates from Shanxi province and Inner Mogolia Autonomous Region.

All of the 5 rivers are flowing into Hai He River which flows into the sea from Tianjin City.The average annual precipitation in the project region is 605.7 mm, which mainly comes

from local precipitation. The precipitation distribution within the years is uneven. The

precipitation amount during the rainy season (June to Sep.) accounts for more than 80% of the

total annual precipitation. The precipitation varies greatly among different years. The maximum

value is 4.5 times as the minimum value. The precipitation is gradually decreasing from north to

south. The average annual surface water amount is 78987 thousand m3 . The precipitation is

decreasing from mountain areas to the plain. The exploitable groundwater amount is 121676

thousand m3 . Refer to table 2-1 and table 2-2 for details about the surface water amount and

groundwater amount in the project region.

table 2-1 surface water amount statistical table for the project region

unit: thousand m3.

Regions Fangshan Changping Miyun Pinggu Tongzhou Daxing Chaoyang Beijing

Surface runoff0 497 7258 897 0 0 699 9351

amout

Inflow runoff25859 13706 46000 27762 89807 0 12470 215604

amount

Reservoir runoff0 0 51100 4000 0 0 3346 58446

amout

Outflow runoff24631 12335 43319 27451 81071 0 12261 201068

amount

Surface water1228 1868 61039 5208 8736 0 4254 78987

resources I_______I I I____I

table 2-2 Groundwater amount statistical table for the project region

unit: thousand m3 .

Regions Fangshan Changping Miyun Pinggu Tongzhou Daxine Chaoyang Beijing

Total 8931 2411 17708 4991 53390 30995 3250 121676Precipitation

infiltration supply 4779 679 14769 3210 27394 18148 1452 70432amount .

Irrigation waterreturn supply 2924 361 8858 1469 16683 12769 1589 44653amountNet lateral supply

amount 1228 1371 2681 3110 8736 0 209 14536

Supplied by lateralgroundwater 0 0 -8600 0 0 0 0 -8600

Other infiltrationsupply amount 0 0 0 0 577 77 0 654

B. Surface water and groundwater utilization situation

(). Surface waterThe surface water is mainly located in the mountain areas of Miyun county and Pinggu

County and in the plain area where the soil is relatively heavy-clay. The surface water mainly

comes from the surface runoff during the rainy season, but the crops need no irrigation during the

corresponding period. Hence, dams or gates are required to be constructed to store the water and

recharge the groundwater, but the efficiency is relatively low. According to the calculating, the

exploitable amount is only 35496 thousand m3. The surface water in the mountain areas consists

of reservoir supply water, river base-flow and local runoff. Refer to table 2-3 for details about the

utilization situation.

Table 2-3 Surface water utilization situation in the project region

unit: thousand m3 .

Districts Fangshan Changping Miyun Pinggu Tongzhou Daxing Chaoyang Beijing

Resources 1228 1868 61039 5208 8736 0 4254 78987

Quantity used 0 0 32150 0 0 0 3346 35496

Use efficient 0.51 0.79 0.45

(2). Groundwater

Since 80's, the city construction is developing rapidly and the water consumption is

increasing greatly. In order to guarantee the municipal water consumption, the surface water

consumption by agriculture in the suburbs is reduced greatly and forced to rely on the

groundwater. The suburbs have been transformed into net well irrigation region. In addition, the

precipitation during the 80's is less than the average annual value. Hence, the groundwater is in

the state of over-exploitation. Refer to table 2-4 for details.

Table 2-4 Groundwater utilization situation in the project region

unit: thousand m3 .

Districts Fangshan Changping Mivun Pinggu Tongzhou Daxing Chaovang Beijing

Resources 8931 2411 17708 4991 53390 30995 3250 121676

Quantity used 10345 2488 19605 6146 59935 45407 3670 147596

Use efficient 1.16 1.03 1.11 1.23 1.12 1.46 1.13 1.21

2.1.3 Social and economic situationThere are 88.94 thousand rural families with a population of 285.715 thousand people in the

project region. The number of labor is 103.07 thousand. There are 26109 ha of arable land, and allof them is effective irrigation area. The earth-canal irrigation area is 24104 ha, the spray irrigationarea is 220.7 ha, the low-pressure irrigation area is 1784.3 ha.. At present, the comprehensiveutilization coefficient of irrigation water is 0.58. According to planning, all of the earth-canalirrigation will be transformed into water-saving coefficient of irrigation will be transformed intowater-saving irrigation. Refer to table 2-5 for area of different irrigation methods. The

comprehensive utilization coefficient of irrigation water will be as high as 0.804.Table 2-5 Areas of different irrigation methods after the completion of the project

unit: ha.

Regions F Changping Mivun Pinggu Tongzhou Daxing Chaoyang Beijing

Earth-canal 1660.0 194.6 6984.2 1097.0 8066.2 5435.4 666.7 24104.0

Low- 107.8 1055.0 621.5 1784.3At pressure

present pipeline I_ISpray 73.3 108.4 35.1 3.9 220.7

Total 1733.3 302.4 6984.2 1097.0 9229.6 6092.0 670.6 26109.0

Canal lining 1917.5 1917.50

Afte Mini-pipe 560.0 283.3 280.0 1123.3

the Low- 1013.3 201.1 3086.7 1097.0 9121.2 5508.2 453.3 20480.8comple pressuretion of pipeline I

the Spray 73.3 1466.7 108.4 35.1 3.9 1687.4project Micro-spray 86.7 101.3 230.0 268.7 213.4 900.1

1 Total 1733.3 302.4 6984.2 1097.0 9229.6 6092.0 670.6 26109.0

The primary agricultural crops are winter wheat, summer com, vegetable and fruit trees. Theplanting area for winter wheat is 18107.1 ha. (69.4% of the total irrigation area), the planting areafor summer corn is 17502.5 ha. (67% of the total irrigation area), the planting area for vegetable is3047 ha. (11.7% of the total irrigation area), the planting area for fruit trees is 4484 ha. (17.2% ofthe total irrigation area), the planting area for grapes and watermelons, etc. is 398.2 ha. (1.5% ofthe total irrigation area). The multiple planting index is 1.67.

In the project region, animal husbandry is on the basis of family breeding. The animalsconsist of cattle, pigs, sheep, poultry, etc.. In 1997, there were 2803 thousand of animals.

The town-ship enterprise is mainly processing industries, with the total output of 664.21million Yuan. The total agriculture output is 1083.19 million Yuan (351.55 million Yuan fromplanting, 29 million Yuan from forestry, 307.44 million Yuan from animal husbandry, 33.33million Yuan from fishery). The net income per household is about 14364 Yuan, and the net percapita is 4977 Yuan.

2.2 Evaluation of the current environment quality in the project region2.2.1 Current environment quality of soil

, � -: "I--,.;i tbh ceil ivcrcqnir matter in Beiiint! suburbs is

about 0.70-1.35%, with the weighted average of 1.15%. The total nitrogen is 0.06-0.8%, with the

weighted average of 0.073%. The quick phosphorus is 10-2Oppm, with the weighed average of 18

ppm. The total potassium is 2.0-2.8%. The quick potassium is 80-160 ppm, with the weighted

average of 1 06ppm. The soil fertility is between grade 3 and grade 4.

Because the arable land is reduced, the population is increasing, the living standard of people

is improved, then it is required to produce more agricultural products (grain, vegetable and other

crops ) per unit of arable land area. During recent years, some farmers of some regions are paying

more attention to the second industry and tertiary industry, the input to the land is relatively

reduced and the soil nutrition state can not satisfy the production requirement. According to the

statistic, 60.9% of the vegetable field is short of organic matter, 50.33% of the vegetable field is

short of the total nitrogen. 48.1% of the vegetable field is short of total phosphorus, 74% of the

vegetable field is short of the quick potassium. The soil nutrition content in the plain grain-

production region is less than that in the vegetable field (1.28% less for organic matter, 0.021%

less for total nitrogen, 46ppm less for quick phosphorus, 30ppm less for quick potassium). The

monitoring results for 9 grain fields in Changping county show that the quick phosphorus is

reduced by 1-35.8 ppm and the quick potassium is reduced by 23.9ppm, which means that the

arable land quality has been greatly affected.

2.2.2 Current environment quality of the surface waterThe water body functions in the project region consist of drinking source, groundwater

recharge, water supply, water drainage, water transmission, sight-seeing and agricultural water

consumption. According to "Beijing environment general planning" (July, 1996), the locations and

primary functions of the Beijing rivers and lakes are detailed in table 2-6.

Table 2-6 Environment functions for the surface water in the project region

Counties ofMajor rivers Location Main functions of water body GB Grade

Ju river Ping Gu Sight-seeing, irrigation I

Haizi reservoir Pine Gu Sieht-seeing irrigation. activities III

Chaobai river Mi Yun, Tongzhou Drinking source, groundwater recharge,irritation

Lower reach of Chao river Mivun Sight-seeing, irrigation. draina2e III

Mivun, Changping,Jingmi water canal u Transmission, irrigation, sight-seeing II -III

urban

Qingshui river Mivun Water supply II

Qing river Chaoyang Irrigation, drainage V

Bei Xiao river Chaovang Sight-seeing, drainage Al

Wenyu river Changing, Irrigation IVTonezhou

Xiaoqing river Fangshan Irrigation, drainage IV

Dalong river Daxing Irigation, drainage N

Tiantane river Daxing Irrigation, drainage IV

Dunng the times of 1997-1998, Beijing water environment monitonng center conducted the

water quality monitoring for 82 rivers (segments), 17 reservoirs, and 19 lakes. The number of the

water quality monitoring sites is 238. The monitoring water quality parameters consist of: watertemperature, odor, transparency, turbidity, PH value, EC, SS, NH4-N, COD ,,.,, COD,,, BOD ,N0 3-N, N02-N, total hardness, total alkalinity, chloride, F, phenol, cyanogen, As, Hg, Cr, Cu, Pb,Zn, Cd, Petroleum-type, Total phosphorous, Total Nitrogen, bacteria, coli-form, plankton, etc.

The monitoring results show that the rivers in the project region are polluted mainly by theorganic matter. According to "Surface water Environment Quality Standard" (GB3838-88), thewater quality of Yongding river system, Da Qing river system, Jiyun river system, Chaobai riversystem and the upper reach of Bei Yun river system is relatively good (Grade 11-Ill). The middleand lower reaches of Bei Yun river system have the water quality of Grade IV-V. Some riversegments including Qing He, Tong Hui He, Lian Hua he have the water quality of exceedingGrade V during some time intervals, the main pollutants are BOD, COD, NH4-N, Petroleum-typeand Cr.

Basing on the analysis above, most of the rivers in the project region can satisfy the waterquality standard determined by the water Quality standards" (GB 5084-92), the water can satisfythe requirement for agricultural irrigation water quality.2.23 Current environmental quality of groundwater

There are 423 water table monitoring stations in Beijing to conduct the timely monitoring,and 150 of them using automatic monitoring method to conduct real-time monitoring. There are205 water quality monitoring wells in an area of 6400 km- of plain region. Each well monitors 27water quality parameters, and 3 monitonrng per year are conducted when the water is at sufficient-level, average-level and insufficient-level.

The monitoring results show that there are 52.69% of the total monitoring wells having goodwater quality and 47.31% of the total monitoring wells having low-quality water. The groundwaterin the suburbs is polluted at various levels. The groundwater is polluted mainly by riverinfiltration supply, irrational stacking of large amounts of industrial and domestic rubbish, largeapplication of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, precipitation infiltration and leaching.

Evaluation is conducted by water quality function classification method, and verified byfuzzy mathematics evaluation method. Among the total 2.455 billion m 3 of groundwater in Beijing,2.214 billion m3 of groundwater satisfies the agricultural irrigation water quality standardrequirement (90.2% of the total exploitable amount). About 1.329 billion m3 of groundwatersatisfies the drinking water quality standard requirement(54.1% of the total). Generally speaking,most of the groundwater is the clean and good-quality water resources. The low-qualitygroundwater is mainly due to the overdosage of salinity, total hardness, chloride, N0 3-N, fluoride,etc.

The water with the salinity more than 1000 mg/L is not suitable for drinking, and there is2.7% of this kind of water in Beijing, which is mainly distributed in some regions of Ban Jie He ofTong zhou, Shi Jing Shan, Feng Tai and Haidian. There is 0.1% of the total water with the salinitymore than 2000 mg/L. This kind of water is not suitable is not suitable for irrigation, but it ismainly distributed in Tian Tan region of ChongWen District and has no effect on the projectregion. the water salinity in the project region fully satisfies the irrigation water qualityrequirement.

The total hardness standard for drinking water and irrigation water is 450 mg/L. There is6.6%0 of the Beijing area exceeding the above standard, which is mainly located in some regions ofQ; JianFang of Changping, Shi Jingshan, Chaoyang, Tongzhou.

The chloride standard for dnnking water and irrigation water is 250mg/L. There is 0.8% of

the total Beijing area exceeding the above standard, which is only located in Ban Jie He of

Tongzhou. The chloride content in the project region satisfies the irrigation water quality

requirement.

There is no standard requirement of N03-N standard for drinking water is 20 mg/L. There is

5.2% of the total Beijing area exceeding the above standard, which is distributed in Huang Cun,

Ping Di, Li Xian of Daxing and the southeast suburbs of the city.

The fluoride standard for drinking water is 1.Omg/L, the fluoride standard for irrigation water

is 2.Omg/L. The water satisfies the fluoride standard of drinking water. But all the water satisfies

the fluoride standard for irrigation water.

The water quality in the project region is relatively good and is slightly polluted. Generally

speaking, Tongzhou, Daxing and Changping are affected relatively greatly by the industrial

pollution. Mi Yun and Pinggu are less affectd.

3 Project construction3.1 Construction content of the project

The construction contend of the project involves water conservancy, forestry, agriculture andmanagement, etc.. The main contents include:

(1). Newly develop and improve 24104 ha. of water-saving irrigation area (1917.5 ha of

canal lining, 18696.5 ha of low-pressure pipelines, 1466.7 ha of spray irrigation, 2023.3 ha of

micro-irrigation)

(2). Ameliorate the soil, optimize the planting composition, improve irrigation agricultural

service system.

(3). Improve the field protection-forest system, improve the construction of field protection-

forest network.

(4). Enhance the scientific farming level in the project region by scientific extension and

training.

(5). Improve the ecological environment in the project region by the environment monitoring

management.

(6). Improve the water consumption management level by construction of SIDD.

3.1.1 Content of water conservancy constructionWater conservancy construction is the essential part of the project construction. On the basis

of maintaining the original irrigation area, the surface irrigation should be transformed into water-

saving imrgation. Refer to table 3-1 for details about the proposed water-saving irrigation pattems

and the controlling areas in the project region.

Table 3-1 The varies irrigation patterns and the corresponding areas after the completion

of the project Unit: ha

Districts Fangshan Changping Miyun Pinggu Tongzhou Daxing Chaoyang Beijing

Canal lining 1917.5 1917.50

Small pipe 633.34 633.34

Low pressure pipe 1013.3 93.3 2420.0 784.0 9156.3 5610.2 453.33 19415.5

Spnnkler 1 466.7 313.0 73.3 35.1 217.33 2105.4

Micro sprinkler 86.67 203.3 1180 _ 561.7 2031.6

Total 1733.3 296.6 6984.2 1097.0 8684.3 6092 670.66 26109.

During the construction of the project, high-standard water-saving irrigation facilities are tobe built in order to use the limited irrigation water to satisfy the crops water requirement. It is the

material basis of improving the water utilization efficiency and maintaining sustainable

agricultural development in the project region. Pipeline irrigation and spray irrigation are the main

irrigation pattems. Canal lining is to be suitably developed. Micro-irrigation is to gradually

extended.

(1) Combing the national-level construction of key water-saving and yield-increasing

counties and the development and renovation of "Two types lands", improve the irrigation

condition, and the water-saving irrigation technical results should be extended primarily in

Tongzhou, Daxing, Pinggu, etc..

(2) Renovate the irrigation regions in Pinggu and Miyun and so on, line the canals, develop

irrgation area.

(3) Construct water-storage and recharging projects to block the runoff during the rainy

season and reservoir discharging water for recharging the groundwater and promoting the sound

circulation of water resources.

(4) With the realization of modem agriculture in Beijing, construct the agricultural scientific

demonstration zone of expert-oriented high-yield, high-quality and high-efficiency agricultural

procuction.

a. Construct 500 Mu of high-standard demonstration zone in Daxing.

b. Coustruct 500 Mu of sight-seeing with related water conservancy facilities demonstration

zone in Chaoyang.

c. Coustruct 500 Mu of comprehensive green high-efficiency agricultural demonstration zone

at north and south sides of Miyun Reservoir with different climate characteristics.

3.1.2 Content of agricultural projects construction

During the project construction, a series of related agricultural water-saving measures are to

be implemented in order to realize the above irrigation schedule, save more water resources, and

increase the agricultural production even with reduction of crops ETc. The agricultural projects

construction consists of soil amelioration, good varieties breeding and processing plants protection

service, agricultural technology extension, agricultural machinery, and prevention and treatment of

pest disasters.

The project proposes the following agricultural water-saving and yield-increasing measures:

(1) Agricultural humidity-conservation and yield-increasing measuresIn the project region, the winter wheat and surnmer com stalks are retumed to the open or the

non-tillage by covering is applied, the anti-drought agents are used to reduce soil water

evaporation, to increase the soil organic matter, to enhance the soil capacity of conserving water

and fertility and to maintain the soil structure. For the vegetable, the plastic film covering

cultivation technology is to be applied, except that some of the vegetable field is to be transformed

into greenhouses. These measures can reduce the evaporation from vegetable land, increase the

field temperature, prevent or reduce the weeds growth, make the vegetable planting time early and

realize the targets of water-saving and yield-increasing. According to the experinental and

investigation results "Research Report about the Authentic Water Amount Saved" provided by the

Central Project Office, the water-saving efficiency of various measures is detailed in table 3-2.

Table 3-2 Water-Saving and Yield-Increasing Efficiency of various Agricultural Measures

Agriculture measures Soil moisture loss decreases Yield increasing

(mm) (kg/ha)

Covering and return to field of 19-93 350-850

winter wheat straws

Covering and return to field of 44-89 1320-3400

summer com straws

Applying anti-drought solution 34- 100 390~ 1030

Mulching plastic film 30- 150 600-800

Balance-Fertilization Increase water use efficient by

I___ __ _ 0.35 -0.62kg/m3

(2) Measures of restricting the non-effective evaporation and increasing thetranspiration water utilization efficiency

Besides the measures mentioned above, the project region plans to introduce water-savingand drought-resistant crops varieties, for example, Jing 411, Jing Dong 8 of winter wheat andTong Kang 5 of summer corn.

In order to guarantee the crops yield growth and improve the water utilization efficiency, theprescribed fertilization technology is to be used according to the soil survey data. According to thesoil nutrients composition and the crops nutrients requirement, the prescribed fertilizationtechnology makes it possible to fertilize the soil timely and correctly in order to realize the targetsof conserving fertilizers and water. At the same time, land leveling in some regions is to bepracticed in order to improve irrigation quality and crops planting quality. Soil loosening is to bedone to improve the soil physical properties, reduce soil unit weight, enhance the soil porosity forbetter crops growth condition. According to the soil water content monitoring results, irnprove theirrigation schedule and the management level of field water content.

Refer to table 3-3 for details about the agricultural water-saving amount by the above

agricultural water-saving measures.

Table 3-3 Water amount saved by agricultural measures after the completion of the project

unit: thousand m3.

Districts Fangshan Changping Miyun Pinggu Tongzhou Daxing Chaoyang Beijing

Applied water withengineering but without 6700 1463 29527 4870 44488 28952 4077 120078

agri. measuresApplied water with

engineering and agr. 6003 1396 29527 4286 35615 16825 4077 97730Measures

Water saving by agri. 697 67 0 0 8873 12127 0 21764

Measures

3.1.3 Content of forestry and environmental protection projects constructionThe field protection forest can improve the agricultural ecological environment, regulate the

micro-climate, protect crops and provide some timber. It provides favorable condition for

agricultural growth and developing ecological agriculture.

Table 3-4 Agricultural forest network renovation and construction

Work quantities of different yearscontent Unit - Total

content ~ ~ ~~1 2 3 4

Field forest ha 26 31 36 27 23 143network I__ _ _ _ _ _ I__ _

Economic forest ha 192 28 107 450 77 854

According to disaster property and wind-sand damage degree, the project region is belonging

to the nonnal wind-sand region.

Improve the field protection forest, forest and crops are planted altemately, fruit trees and

crops are planted alternately. The forest belt is in the structure of good with the largest grid less

than 26.7 ha. The trees are poplar, willow and Chinese Scholartree, etc.. If it is possible, the

combination of arbor and bush is reconmmended.

Determine the rational width of forest belt and the number of rows. One to two rows of trees

are planted along the road or the canal, with plant-row-space of 3*2 m.

3.1.4 Management water-saving measures

Together with the engineering measures and agricultural measures, the following

management measures the are to be practiced:

(1) Practice the method of collecting water fee by the water amount, use the economic way to

encourage farmers to conserve water.

Change the situation of free water consumption and non-depreciation of equipment; collectwater fee by the water amount used; use the economic way to encourage farmers to conserve

water. According to the experimental data in Da Xing, this measure can reduce the irrigation

amount by about 30% under the condition of surface irrigation.

(2) Intensify water content and water quantity monitoOring, irrigate timely and rationally.

Soil water content and water quantity monitoring system is to be established in the project

region. The monitoOring system is to be established in the project region. The monitoring system

is connected to the irrigation decision-making system of Beijing Project Office through MIS

system to conduct scientific irrigation and realize the targets of high-efficiency water usage.

(3) Establish the water supply companies or water user's association; Let farmers participate

in the maintenance and management of water conservancy projects; assure the sound operation

and economic independence of wxater conservancy projects.

3.2 Project investment situation

The total investment in 5 years is 361651 thousand Yuan. The world Bank loan is 141100

thousand Yuan(39.0% of the total). The domestic counterpart found is 220551 thousand Yuan(6 ! 0, r)f the total). Refer to table 3-5 for details about the investments in different vears.

Table 3-5 Yearly investment implementing plan for the Project

Years 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Investment Amount(thousand Yuan) 71570 89526 77924 72252 50379Percnetage of the totalinvestment 19.8% 24.8% 21.5% 20.0% 13.9%

The basic investing content is as follows:

(1) Water conservancy projects construction (274054.6 thousand Yuan)

Canal lining, canal buildings, low-pressure pipelines, spray irrigation and microirrigation

projects, agricultural power lines, related power lines, pumps, water source engineering.

(2) Agricultural supporting service projects (37118.2 thousand Yuan)

Land leveling, deep tillage, stalks-returning, balance-fertilization, plastic film, prevention and

treatment of pest disasters, good varieties breeding and processing, warehouse, agricultural

machinery purchasing, agricultural technology extension, agricultural machinery training.

(3) Forestry and environmental protection(14319.6 thousand Yuan)

Field forest network, economic forest planting, monitoring of pests and diseases.

(4) Institution development and support (28270.4 thousand yuan)

Technical training, domestic and foreign investigation, agricultural scientific and technological

experiment research, establishment of MIS, SIDD systems and water-saving service center.

(5) Investigation, survey, design and management (7888.2 thousand Yuan)

4 Evaluation of the environmental influence by the project construction

Water-saving irrigation is the essential part of the project. By combining the agricultural,

forestry and management water-saving measures, the project aims at promoting the agricultural

development and sustainable water resources utilization and increasing of farmers' income. The

advanced water-saving irrigation technology and the related agricultural measures will have great

effect on the agricultural production, and have favorable and averse influence on the environment.

In addition, the application of pesticides and chemical fertilizers as well as construction process

will have certain influence on the environment.

4.1 Identification and screening of environmental influence factors

The environmental influence factors are complicated because of the wide scope and the

difference of natural geographical condition, irrigation water source, irrigation pattems and so on.

Hence, the environmental influence evaluation should be done as follows: Analysis the project

content, nature, dimension, location, and the construction conditions. Determine the

environment influence factors by using the two-degree matrix tabling method. Select the factors

that are related to the project. Determine the emphasis and scope of the evaluation. Refer to table

4-1 for details.

Table 4-1 Environment influence factors determination table

Natural environment Social environment

Surface water Surface water . . Groundwater Groundwater Terrains andlira<lc of ,nlucnce _ uantit -_- quality Sol quality uanit landform economy Land use society Public health

I) D E - d D E s d D E S d D E S d D E S d D E S D D E S d D E S d D E S d D EE S

ater source projec_

| construction -OS LLOSLL…O S L M P S LL NLL LOSL OSLLL

| anatlining = S L L 0 L L 0 5 L L0 - - S L M P S LILI0 LILIL 0 SIL L 0 S L L

" lIT. Mach,nerNa

| U installation OS L L IO S L L I I L L P S L LO L LOS L L S L L

a; I ||.and leveling O L L OS LLP L LI L L L O S L L P S L H P S LL P LRHO S L L

esicides applicaion _ N L RMN L R H ---- N L RH P L O S R HO SR L N L RM

I RhemiCalfertlizer _ N L R M 0 L R H -_ N L R H- -_ P L R OL R H 0I S |R|L Nl L |R|M

djusmen of planlin I Water-savinir rji O P L R M P L R M P L R M P L L M P L R L 0 L R M P L R H P L R H 0 L R L P L R L

Nlotes: 1. d: function, p: favorable, N; adverse, o: medium, "-": none

2. D: duration, 5: short, L: long

3. E: Scope, h: local, R: regional,

4. 5: seriousness, H: high, M: middle, L: low

16

After the preliminary analysis, there are the following adverse influences related to the

project:

(1). Influence on the water resources amount and water supply-demand balance by the

variation of the water circulation system;

(2). Influence on the water table by water-saving projects

(3). Influence on the soil-water environment by pesticides and chemical fertilizers

(4). Influence on the environment by agricultural measures(5). Influence on the receiving water body water quality by the implementation of the project

(6). Influence on the environment by the soil discharge, soil and water erosion, machinery

noise during the construction period.

4.2 Preliminary analysis of the project4.2.1 Analysis of the environment influence by the water conservancy projects

The water conservancy projects of the project consist of water transmission projects, waterallocation projects, and the field projects. The enviromnental influence includes:

(1) Analysis of the influence on the resources enviromnent by the water resourcesenvironment by the water resources allocation.

Water-saving irrigation is the project of water resources utilization. The variation of irrigationpattern will affect the water resources utilization efficiency. Water conservancy projects will affectthe transformation of different water resources (groundwater and surface water, shallowgroundwater and confined water). The different irrigation water sources, irrigation patterns,irrigation water quantities, local geographical features, water resource utilization situations havedifferent influences on the resources environment. The project region is located in the water-shortregion of North China, groundwater is the primary water source for irndustrial and agriculturaldevelopment, the water demand is increasing year by year. There is the problem that the watertable in some regions is continuously declining. The key point of this environment evaluation is tomake clear the project will aggravate the water table declining problem or the project will alleviatethe water table declining problem.

At present, the comprehensive utilization coefficient for irrigation water in the project regionis 0.58. After the completion of the project, the comprehensive utilization coefficient will satisfythe required standard by "Water-Saving Irrigation Technical Specification" (SL 207-98), that is, noless than 0.75 for canal lining region, no less than 0.80 for pipeline irrigation region, no less than0.85 for spray irrigation region. The comprehensive utilization coefficient will be as high as 0.804.The agricultural water resources utilization efficiency is greatly enhance, the irrigation waterdemand is greatly reduced. Hence, the water resources supply-demand conflict in the project

region will be alleviated after the completion of the project.

(2) Analysis of the influence on the soil and groundwater quality by the water-savingirrigation

According to the water environment function classification and the preliminary irrigationwater quality survey, the water quality of irrigation water sources can basically satisfy theirrigation water quality standard. After the completion of the project, the water demand is reducedand the infiltration amount is reduced, then it is predicted that the influence on the soilenvironment and the wvater body quality by the irrigation water quality will be relatively small.

(3) Analysis of the influence on controlling soil-water loss by the water-saving irrigation

For many years, the sustainable development of mountain regions and soil-water

conservation have been the key tasks of Beijing agricultural development. A scientific and

complete system has been established form theory, policy, management, design to implementation.

The imnplementation of the project will input new fund and technology to the existing projects.

The water-saving irrigation project will replace the traditional irrigation method. Under the

normal condition, spray irrigation causes no surface runoff, reduces the soil erosion, alleviates the

damage of the soil structure. according to survey, the water utilization efficiency of water-saving

irrigation is greatly increased (as high as 80%). At the same time, the land is conserved and the

planting area is increase by 15%/o-20%.

4.2.2 Analysis of the environment influence by the agricultural projects

Chemnical fertilizer application is the important method of increasing the fertility and grain

yield. But the chemical fertilizer application has the influence on the water environment. Transport

of N. P from the field is the main non-point pollution of water envirom-nent. The consequence is

the pollution of rivers, lakes and reservoirs. Especially it causes the eutrophication of lakes and

reservoirs and N0 3-N pollution of groundwater. There is no reversed flow of water-saving

irrigation water, the balance-fertilization measures will increase the utilization efficiency of

chemical fertilizers by crops, it is predicted that the project will not aggravate the pollution of

surrounding surface water environment.

Under the condition of water-saving irrigation, the irrigation water return supply for

groundwater is reduced. The nitrogen fertilizer application is reduced because of balance-

fertilization. But there is still some nitrogen entering the groundwater. Hence, whether the

chemical fertilizer application will cause N0 3-N pollution of groundwater or not will be the

primary task of environment monitoring after the completion of the project.

Pesticides application is the primary method of preventing and treating diseases and pests

disasters and is widely used. After the completion of the project, the pesticides application amount

is going to be reduced. Refer to table 4-2 for details. Even though the project will alleviate the

potential influence on the environment by pesticides, but the influence on environment by

pesticides is the important enviromnental problem requiring great attention.

Table 4-2 Current pesticides application and the planning application amount

Unit: kg/ha.

Crops wheat com soybean peanut vegetable

Before the project 2 3 1.5 3 10

After the project 1.8 2 1.5 3 7

The project also consist of agricultural water-saving measures, soil amelioration, and good

varieties breeding, which help to enhance the water resources utilization efficiency, improve the

soil fertility and increase the grain yield. But all the measures may have influence on the water

environment. soil and ecological environment (for exarnple, plastic film residual) and the

corresponding evaluation should be done.

4.3 Influence on the water supply and water demand situation in the project region by the

water-saving irrigation

4.3.1 Irrigation projects and water resources utilization situation before the

implementation of the project

At present, there is an area of 26109 ha of effective irrigation area is in the project region

(24104 ha of earth-canal irrigation, 220.7 ha of spray irrigation, 1784.3 ha of low-pressure pipe

irrigation). The current comprehensive utilization coefficient for irrigation water is 0.58. After the

completion of the project, all of the earth-canal irrigation will be transformed into water-saving

irrigation. The low-pressure pipeline irrigation area will be 20481 ha, the spray irrigation area will

be 1687 ha, the canal lining area will be 1918 ha, the micro-irrigation area will be 2033 ha.. the

comprehensive utilization coefficient for irrigation water will be as high as 0.804.

Refer to tables 4-3, 4-4, 4-5 for details about the water usage situation in the project region

before the implementation of the water-saving irrigation project.

Table 4-3 Water resources utilization situation before the implementation of the project

unit: thousand m3.

Fangshan Changpitig Miyun Pinggu Tongzhou Daxing Chaoyang Beijing

Resourcesamount 1228 1949 69769 60343 874 0 4868 84751

c) UtilizedS amount 0 0 32150 0 0 0 3346 35496

i Utilization1- efficiency 0. 46 0. 69 0. 42

Resourcesamount 8931 2411 17708 4991 53390 30995 3250 121676

3 Utilized= anmount 10345 2488 19605 6146 59935 45407 3670 147596

Utilizationefficiency 1.16 1.03 1.11 1.23 1.12 1.46 1.13 1.21

Table 4-4 Surface Water and groundwater utilization situation before the implementation of the project

.r ci.it Guara Surface water and its utilization Groundwater and its utilizationcounlties Precipit nteed Local Passing Utilized Utilization Supply by Practical Average

rate runoff runoff reservoir Uti U precipitatio Supply by Other Total exploited annualamount amount amount efficrency n rigation supply supply amount droptO thousand 10 thousand 10 thousand 10 thousand 10 thousand

tiamie Mnil % m) m) m3 m3 nt3

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 I1 12 13 14

Fangshan 606.3 0.0 2463.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 477.9 292.4 122.8 893.1 1034.5 0.23

Cangping 573.4 49.7 1233.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 67.9 36.1 137.1 241.1 248.9 0.13

Miyun 624.2 725.8 4331.9 5110.0 3215.0 31.6 1476.9 885.8 -591.9 1770.8 5187.1 0.04

Pinggu 662.1 89.7 2745.1 400.0 0.0 0.0 321.0 146.9 31.1 499.1 614.6 0.36

Tongzliou 610.8 0.0 8107.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 2739.4 1668.3 931.3 5339.0 5989.2 0.24

Daxinig 571.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1814.8 1276.9 7.7 3099.5 4540.7 0.46

Chaoyanig 608.4 69.9 1226.1 334.6 334.6 0.2 145.2 158.9 20.9 325.0 367.0 0.24

Total 605.7 935.1 20106.8 5844.6 3549.6 13.2 7043.2 4465.3 659.1 12167.6 17982.0 0.29

20

Table 4-5 Table of the water supply available before the implementation of the project

unit: 10 thousand m 3.

Names of the Designing Surface water supply Groundwater Totalcounties years available exploitable

At present 0 893.1 893.1

Fangshan The year of 0 893.1 893.12005 _ _ _ _ _ _ _

The year of 0 893.1 893.1_____ _____ ____ 2010

At present 0 241.1 241.1

Changping The year of 0 241.1 241.12005

T2heyarof 0 241.1 241.12010 __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _

At present 3215 1770.8 4985.8

Miyun The year of 3215 1770.8 4985.82005 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _

The yearof 3215 1770.8 4985.8_____ _____ ____ 20 10 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

At present 0 499.1 499.1

Pinggu The year of 0 499.1 499.12005 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Theyearof 0 499.1 499.1_____ _____ ____ 20 10 _ _ _ _ _ _ _

At present 0 5339.0 5339.0

Tongzhou The year of 0 5339.0 5339.02005 _______

The year of 0 5339.0 5339.0_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 0 10_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

At present 0 3099.5 3099.5

Daxing The year of 0 3099.5 3099.52005__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

The year of 0 3099.5 3099.5_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 0 1 0_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

At present 334.6 325.0 659.6

Chaoyang The year of 334.6 325.0 659.62005 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

The year of 334.6 325.0 659.6_____ _____ ____ 20 10 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

At present 3549.6 12167.6 15717.2

total The year of 3549.6 12167.6 15717.2

Theyearof 3549.6 12167.6 15717.2_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 0 1 0 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

From the 3 tables above, we can see that the irrigation water in the project region is mainly

relying on the groundwater before the implementation of the project. Because the water demand

exceeds the water supply available in all of the counties of the project region, the production is

maintaining by overexploitation of the groundwater. Without the variation of water usage method

as soon as possible, the groundwater would enter the vicious circulation.

4.3.2 Water resources supply and demand situation after the implementation of the project

The project is the renovation project. The project will help to implement water-saving

irrigation in the regions where there were no irrigation facilities. The project will renovate the

existing low-efficiency irrigation projects and make them become water-saving irrigation projects.

At the same time, 6 high-standard water-saving irrigation area is to be 24104 ha.. After the

implementation of the water-saving irrigation, surface irrigation and the backwards non-planning

irrigation pattern will be termninated, and the water utilization efficiency will be improved.

According to the estimating by "Water-saving Irrigation Technical Specification", 30% of the

original water amount can be conserved by the application of the water-saving irrigation. Refer to

table 4-6 for details about the predicted water amounts saved in the counties of the project region

after the implementation of the water-saving irrigation measures.

Table 4-6 Water amount saved after the completion of the project

unit: thousand m3.

Regions Fangshan Changping Miyun Pinggu Tongzhou Daxing Chaoyang Beijing

Irrigation consumptionamount without-saving 9746 1804 45427 5652 55610 42564 6354 167157

projects

Irrigation consumptionamount with water- 6700 1463 29527 4870 44488 28952 4077 120078

saving projects

Water-amount saved bywater-saving projects 3046 341 15900 782 11122 13612 2277 47080

Under the current condition (p=50%), the comprehensive net irrigation water demand by all

the crops in the project region is 96480 thousand m3 and the gross irrigation water demand is

167157 thousand m3. After the completion of the project, the gross irrigation water demand will be

97730 thousand m3 with the conservancy of 69427 thousand m3 of irrigation water per year.

Refer to tables 4-7, 4-8, 4-9 for details about the water resources supply-demand balance

situation before or after the completion of the project.

Table 4-7 Water supply available with or without the project in the project region

unit: 10 thousand m3 .

Names of Designing Water supply available Water supply change Total water supply withcounties years without the project with the project the project (3) + (4)

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

At present 893.1 0 893.1

Fangshan The year ofThe 2005 of 893.1 -215.2 677.9The year of

2010 ~893.1 -215.2 677.9

At present 241.1 0 241.1

Changping The year of2005... 241.1 -22.1 219.0The year of

2010 year of241.1 -22.1 219.0

At present 4985.8 0.0 4985.8

Miyun The year ofi0 Miyu Thyeaof4985.8 -590.5 4395.2

The year ofI 2010 4985.8 -590.5 4395.2

At present 499.1 0 499.1

Pinggu The year of 499.1 -104.1 395.0

The year of20]10 499.1 -104.1 395.0

At present 5339.0 0.0 5339.0

TongzhouThe year ofTongzhou 2005 year of5339.0 -1276.5 4062.5

The year of2010 5339.0 -1276.5 4062.5

At present 3099.5 0 3099.5

Daxing The year ofDaxing 2005 3099.5 -1024.5 2075.0

The year ofThe0yar0o 3099.5 -1024.5 2075.0

At present 659.6 0 659.6

ChaoyangThe year ofChaoyang 2005 659.6 -114.0 545.6

The year of 659.6 -114.0 545.62010 .

At present 15717.2 0.0 15717.2

total The year of 15717.2 -3347.1 12370.1

The vear of_ 2,010 15717.2 -3347.1 12370.1

Table 4-8 Water resources supply-demand balance table withO: tilt Prciect

Unit: (I0 thousand m3)

Wt \\3er Deficit or surplus

Names of Designing Water demand amount (10 thousand rn')

counies years

imgation Industrial domestic others toa-a surplus Deficit

Atpresent 974.6 5.2 25.9 '8.8 1034.5 | S91 141.4

FaghnThe year of S93 1 148.8Fa -ha 2005- 974.6 7.7 27.9 128.8 1Og !3 S.915.

_Theyear° of974.6 9.1 29.4 '8.8 1C41.0 9! s9 148.8

At present 180.4 36.0 6.4 26.1 24S.' '41 1 7.8

Changpin The year of _g 2 180.44 40.90 6.99 26.10 54.4 '41.1 13.3

The2YQelOr °t 180.4 44.3 7.7 26.1 o41. 17.4

At present 4542.7 64.3 289.5 290.6 5ISl.1 49S .S 201.4

Miyun year o 4542.7 71.7 342.9 311.2 526S.5 49S5 . 282.7

The year ofe yer _ 4542.7 76.8 397.7 325.7 5S42.9 4985.8 357.1

At present 565.2 6.3 35.6 7.6 614.6 499.1 115.5

Pinggu Te year ot 565.2 8.7 43.7 7.6 625.1 499.1 126.0

Tshe year o_0 565.2 10.1 51.8 7.6 634.6 499.1 135.5

l At present 5561.0 38.2 156.4 233.6 59892 539.0 650.1

Tongzhou The year o 5561.0 56.5 166.7 233.6 60]7.9 53s.9.0 678.8

The year aIhe2Y le 5561.0 62.3 187.6 233.6 6044.5 5339I 0 705.5

Atpresent 4256.4 78.8 128.8 76.8 4R40.7 30995 1441.2

Daxing The year of 4256.4 101.5 153.5 80.4 4591.S 3099.5 1492.3

The year of2010 4256.4 113.5 178.6 84.5 4632.8 3099.5 1533.4

At present 635.4 44.5 11.6 10.1 701.6 659.6 42.0

Chaoyang Te Year of 635.4 48.9 13.9 5.7 703.9 659.6 44.3

The year of_year10 635.4 53.2 16.5 3.4 70S.4 659.6 48.8

At present 16715.7 273.2 654.1 673.6 18316.6 1S717.2 2599.4

total T2he00 16715.7 335.8 755.6 693.4 1850OO04 15717.2' 2783.2

The year of_2Th o 16715.7 369.2 869.2 709.6 18663.7 15717.2 2946.5

2010 I-29-6-

Table 4-9 Water resources supply-demand balance table with the project

Unit: (10 thousand m3 )

Names of Designing Water demand amount Water Deficit or surplussupply

counties years irrigation industrial Domestic others total available surplus Deficit

At present 974.6 5.2 25.9 28.8 1034.5 893.1 141.4

Fanghan The yearFangshan leof2005 600.3 7.7 27.9 28.8 664.7 677.9 13.2

The yearofy2010 600.3 9.1 29.4 28.8 667.7 677.9 10.2

At present 180.4 36.0 6.4 26.1 248.9 241.1 7.8

ChanpingThe yearChangping f yr2005 139.6 40.9 7.0 26.1 213.6 219.0 5.4

The yearof 2010 139.6 44.3 7.7 26.1 217.7 219.0 1.3

At present 4542.7 64.3 289.5 290.6 5187.1 4985.8 201.4

Miyun The yearMiyun leof2005 2952.7 71.7 342.9 311.2 3678.5 4395.2 716.7

'The yearof 2010 2952.7 76.8 397.7 325.7 3752.9 4395.2 642.3

At present 565.2 6.3 35.6 7.6 614.6 499.1 115.5

Pinggu The yearPinggu 7 rof2005 428.6 8.7 43.7 7.6 488.5 395.0 93.5

The yearof 2010 428.6 10.1 51.8 7.6 498.0 395.0 103.0

At present 5561.0 38.2 156.4 233.6 5989.2 5339.0 650.1

The yearTongzhou of 2005 3561.5 56.5 166.7 233.6 4018.3 4062.5 44.1

The yearof 2010 3561.5 62.3 187.6 233.6 4045.0 4062.5 17.5

At present 4256.4 78.8 128.8 76.8 4540:7 3099.5 1441.2

The yearDaxing of 2005 1682.5 101.5 153.5 80.4 2017.9 2075.0 57.1

ohe year 1682.5 113.5 178.6 84.5 2058.9 2075.0 16.0

At present 635.4 44.5 11.6 10.1 701.6 659.6 42.0

Chaoyang Thf 2y005 407.7 48.9 13.9 5.7 476.2 545.6 69.4

'The yearIhofe 20 407.7 53.2 16.5 3.4 480.7 545.6 64.9

At present 16715.7 273.2 654.1 673.6 18316.6 15717.2 2599.4

total 7he yeaT 9773.0 335.8 755.6 693.4 115577. 12370.1 812.4 =

The year__________of 2010 9773.0 369.2 869.2- 709.6 11721.0 12370.1 649.1

From the tables above, we can see that the water resources supply available in 2005 will be

123,701,000 m3 and the corresponding water demand will be 115577000 m3 with the surplus of

8214000 m3 ; the water resources supply available in 2010 will be 123701000 m3 and the

corresponding water demand will be 117210000 m3 with the surplus of 6491000 rn'. Hence, the

implementation of water-saving measures will change the original water resources shortage

situation to the new situation with some surplus of water resources.

With the planting structure adjustmnent and agricultural water-saving measures, the project

will help to increase the water resources utilization efficiency and alleviate the long -existing

conflict between the agricultural water demand and the industrial and domestic water demand.

Solving the conflict between water supply and water demand has an important role in the

sustainable water resources utilization and development in the project region.

4.4 influence on the water table and the secondary soil salinization by water-saving

irrigation.4.4.1 Influence on the water table by the water-saving irrigation

The continuous declining of water table in the project regions the primary water enviromnent

problem. Evaluation of the project region on the water table by water-saving irrigation has been

done. Water Balance Method is used during the evaluation process, primarily considering the

process of precipitation supply, filed evapotanspiration, runoff and drainage, etc.

During the early 80's, the water table in the project was 3-Sm deep, but it is 10-20 deep now.

Analysis shows that the irrigation water demand is to be reduced after the completion of the

project, and the groundwater exploitation amount is to be reduced. During the year (P=50%),the

water table will not decline, the water table in some regions may slightly rises; during the

year(P>50%), the water table will rise in most regions of the project region; During the

year(Pc50%),the water table will decline and the declining degree is less than that without the

project.

Hence, the implementation of the project can conserve the water resources and will not

aggravate the continuous declining of water table. The project can help to raise the water table to

some extent, alleviate the water supply-demand conflict and improve the 'hydro-geological

environment in the project region.

4.4.2 Influence on the secondary salinization by water-saving irrigation

Groundwater dynamic balance is affected by the irrigation water amount and irrigation-

drainage pattems. There are some areas of the project region having the problem of secondary soil

salinzation caused by dramatic rising of water table result by surface irrigation. After several years

of soil amelioration, there is almost no saline-alkali soil in the project region.

Secondary soil salinzation is tightly related to the water table. When the water table critical

depth, the salts in the soil will accumulate the upper soil layer by the capillary water movement

and the intense soil evaporation. Under the condition of traditional irrigation pattem, there is a

great water loss occurs in the depressions, and the salt spots appear in the relatively high place.

After the implementation the project, the water-saving irrigation is used in the well-irrigation

regions . Pumping the groundwater for irrigation in spring and summer will cause water table

declining, but the groundwater can be recharged by the precipitation supply during the rainy

season. According to the experiment in Da Xing, the water balance can be realized during rain-

-1 p the irriation relativelv uniform in time and space,

help crops to receive water content, and reduce the irrigation return water amount. All thesemeasures can effectively prevent the occurrence of secondary soil salinzation.

4.5 Influence on the soil-water environment by the irrigation water quality

Mi Yun and Chao Yang use the surface water for irrigation. The project using surface water is

located in the second-degree water source protection area, north of Mi Yun Reservoir. Ban chongzi

Reservoir and Yao Qiao Yu Reservoir belong to Mang Niu River and An Dan Mu River,

respectively. Within the tow watersheds, there is no polluting industry, few villages, no toxic

pesticides. The water quality satisfies Grade tow of national surface water environmental quality

standard and satisfies the drinking water quality standard. Hence , there is no pollution of

groundwater and surface water by using this clean water source for irrigation.

The south project region in Mi Yun is located in the lower reach of Mi Yun Reservoir, near

Jing Mi water canal and Sha Chong Reservoir. The river quality satisfies Grade 2-3 of nationalsurface water quality. Hence, the irrigation water can not cause pollution of water environment.

The place of using surface water in Chao Yang is located at Lai Guang Ying. The surfacewater comes form Yang Fang Reservoir and Bei Xiao He. The water quality of water form Yang

Fang Reservoir is graded to be 4-5. But this is mainly due to the overdosage of NH3-N, CoDcr,BOD5, that is, overdosage of organic pollution paramneters. Hence it can not cause pollution of

crops and water environment. The water quality of Bei Xiao He is better than that of water formYang Fang Reservoir, and there is no possibility of pollution.

All the 7 counties(27 subproject regions)in the project region rely on the groundwater for

irrigation at various levels. At present, almost all the groundwater can satisfy the irrigation waterquality standard. Only a small area in the southeast part of Tong Zhou can not satisfy the irrigationwater quality standard. The water usage in this area should be restricted.

The analysis above shows that the irrigation water source will not pollute the crops and soil-water environment in the project region.

4.6 Influence on the soil-water environment by chemical fertilizer applicationAfter the implementation of water-saving irrigation, there is little reversed flow of irrigation

water; the project will have relatively small influence on the surface water environment. Thechemical fertilizer's influence is mainly reflected in the influence on soil and groundwater.

Phosphorus is easy to precipitate and to be absorbed, but it is difficult to be transported under the

soil environment. Many years of water quality monitoring shows that no phosphorus pollutionoccurs and no groundwater eutrophication occurs. Hence, the nitrogen pollution should be the key

problem to be researched.

4.6.1 Chemical fertilizer application situation in the project region.The soil in the project region is somewhat alkaline, there is a heavy task of ameliorating the

low-yield land. At present, the composite fertilizer application is 26.7 t/ha; the stalk-retuming

amount is 4200kg/ha. The chemical fertilizer varieties are as follows:

Nitrogen fertilizer: ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitratePhosphorus fertilizer: calcium superphosphate, double superphosphate

Composite fertilizer: organic fertilizer and biochemical fertilizer are also used

Farmers have realized that rational fertilizer can increase the crops yield. N.P.K fertilizerschr-8,H h~rn trnalv combined with the chemical fertilizers and composite fertilizer as well as

organic fertilizer. After 90's, P.K fertilizers application amount is increasing and N fertilizersapplication amount is decreasing. The composite fertilizers application amount is greatly

increasing. After the implementation of the project, the total fertilizers application amount is going

to be increasing.

Table 4-10 the chemical fertilizer application amount per unit area in the project region

Unit kg/ha

At present With the project

Name nitrogen Phosphorus nitrogen PhosphorusPractical Discounte Practical Discounte Practical Discounte Practical Discounteamount d amount amount d amount amount d amount amount d amount

Wheat 554.0 255.0 1140.0 114.0 489.0 225.0 800.0 80.0

Com 489.0 225.0 675.0 67.5 440.0 202.5 450.0 45.0

Soybean 98.0 45.0 300.0 30.0 147.0 67.5 450.0 45.0

Cotton 489.0 225.0 300.0 30.0 620.0 285.0 1050.0 105.0

Peanut 98.0 45.0 450.0 45.0 130.0 60.0 525.0 52.5

Greenhouse 2282.0 1050.0 6300.0 630.0 1956.0 900.0 6000.0 600.0

Open-field vegetable 815.0 375.0 2700.0 270.0 717.0 330.0 2400.0 240.0

Notes:

1. Practical amount of N-fertilizer is represented by the carbamide (46% N); practicalamount of P-fertilizer is represented by calcium superphosphate(P20 5 10%)

2.Discounted amounts for N-fertilizer and P-fertilizer are represented by N, P20 5

respectively.

3.no consideration of organic fertilizer for vegetable. Cucumber is the typical vegetable forgreenhouse vegetables. Average of vegetable for open field vegetable.

4.6.2 Nitrogen fertilizer transport and transformation on the condition of water-savingirrigation and its influence on the environment

N-fertilizer transport and transformation process in the crops-soil-groundwater system is verycomplicated, consisting of a series of process, such as physical, chemical and biochemical process(crops uptake, soil adsorption, nitrification, denitrification, dynamic dispersion). The process havedirect effect on the pollution of groundwater by the N-fertilizer in the irrigation process.

The crops uptake of N varies greatly. Under the suitable condition, the crops uptake of N is ashigh as 80% of the total. Under normal condition, that value is less than 50%. Hence, N-fertilizer

application is the potential pollution of groundwater. Nitrate is the most common pollutant in thegroundwater. In some fields, nitrate leaching causes large-area pollution of groundwateT.

The nitrogen transport and transformation in the soil and groundwater is affected by manyfactors. The agricultural-environment groundwater pollution is the comprehensive functioningresult of all factors.

According to the research by Thomas E. Waddel, the diffusion distribution of chemicalfertilizer in the environmental medium is summarized in table 4-11.

Table 4-11 Diffusion of chemical fertilizer in the environmental medium

Environmental medium N-fertilizer ( %) P-fertilizer (%)

Diffusion into the atmosphere 15 <5

On-site storage and decomposition 10-30 55-75

Uptake by plants 35-50 7-15

Non-on-site upper soil layer 5-10 10.15

Surface water <5 2-10

Groundwater below the root zone 5-15 < I

Foreign research data show that the N-fertilizer application amount exceeding 150 kg/ha.y(10 kg/mu. y) will cause N03-N pollution. The N-fertilizer application amount in previous years inthe project region exceeded the above level. The traditional irrigation method made the nitrogentransport easily. Then the groundwater may be polluted by N03-N. Hence it is important to restrictthe N-fertilizer application amount during the project construction period and after the completionof the project to prevent the surface water and groundwater pollution.

Water flow is the medium for the root-zone nitrate to move to the groundwater. Under certainsoil texture condition, NO3-N leaching loss is proportional to the irrigation water leakage.Irrigation application affects the transport and transformation of nitrogen in the soil and affects thetotal nitrogen content and N0 3-N content as well as their vertical distributions. Nitrificationincrease the irrigation amount increase, but the NO3-N deep leakage increases either. There aretwo main part of nitrogen loss: loss by decomposition and denitrification of NH4-N, loss by NO3-N deep leakage caused by nitrification. Water-saving irrigation improves the water resourcesutilization efficiency and reduces the water leakage amount. With other conditions being the same,the NO3-N pollution of groundwater caused by N-fertilizer on the condition of water-savingirrigation will be becoming less intense.

After the implementation of the project, total chemical fertilizer application armount is to beincreased, But, according to the balance-fertilization technology, p-fertilizer and K- fertilizer are tobe increased, N-fertilizer is to be reduced. The nitrogen transport and transformation in the soil-water-crops system is affected by many factors. In addition, the soil water content, plantingcomposition and fertilizer balance are tightly related to the nitrogen utilization efficiency.

After the implementation of the project, both the well-irrigation area and surface waterirrigation area have less irrigation water supply for the groundwater. Hence, the possibility ofnitrate leakage with water is reduced. On the condition of water-saving irrigation and balance-fertilization, the nitrate pollution index is greatly reduced. In other words, the possibility ofgroundwater pollution by fertilization is going to be reduced.

In addition, bialance-fertilization, fertilization by measuring the soil, rational water-fertilizercombination will be helpful to reduce the nitrate leaching loss, increase the nitrogen uptakeefficiency by crops, and alleviate the chemical fertilizer pollution.4.7 influence on the soil and groundwater environment bv pesticides

With the development of industry and agriculture, there are more and more artificial synthetic

organic chemical substances. In agriculture, the pesticides application amount is decreasing

because of the enhancement of public environmental awareness, but the pesticides are still the

potential threat to the ecological environment.

4.7.1 Pesticides application in the project region

At preset, the total pesticides application per year in Beijing is 4025-6300 t, about 0.8-1.1 kg

per Mu. of arable land. The pesticides application per unit area varies for different crops (largest

for vegetable, then fruit tree). For the open-field crops, the application amount and the application

times for wheat is the largest. For com, the pesticides are usually the herbicides. The organic

phosphorus pesticides are the most common pesticides (about 92% of the total pesticides) to be

used. The organic chlorine pesticides are banned to be used.

From early 60's to present, the biological prevention and treatment of pests disasters have

been conducted and developed quickly. The average annual pesticides application amount is the

early 80's was reduced 26.2-39.3 t in Beijing. The average annual pesticides application amount

in the late 80's was reduced by 53.6-80.4 t. About 400-600 t of chemical pesticides were reduced

during the 10 years. This shows the achievement of biological prevention and treatment of pest

disasters.

4.7.2 Influence on the soil and groundwater environment by pesticides

Pesticides are applied directly into the environment. Some of the pesticides volatilize into the

atmosphere and may cause air pollution. Some of the pesticides fall down onto the soil and may

cause soil pollution. Some of the pesticides are leaching to the groundwater and may cause

groundwater pollution. Since 70's, people are starting to study the environment properties and

environmental behavior of pesticides. But the research progress is relatively slow due to the

complicated polluting mechanism.

There are various pesticides for various crops. The application of pesticides should abide by

the national "pesticides Safe Usage Standard" (GB 4245-89). The most widely used pesticides in

the project region are organic phosphorus pesticides, such as phosphorus methylamine, Rogor,

methyl 1605, "1605". These pesticides stay short of time in the soil and are easy to be degraded.

They have low possibility to pollute the groundwater. Refer to table 4-12 for details about the

chemical properties and the transport properties is the soil for phosphorus methylamine and Rogor.

Table 4-12 Chemical properties for phosphorus methylamine and Rogor

solubility Vapor Henery KOC GUSPesticides (g/l) pressure constant TO.5(d) (cm3/g) index

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (P a ) _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

phosphorusmethylamine 790 2.3e-4 5.2e-8 3 2 1.80

rogor 0.023 L.le-3 .I e-4 7 20 0.83

From the total above, GUS for phosphorus methylamine and Roger is less than 1.8, which

means they are hard to be leached into the groundwater. There are no data about GUS index for

methyl 1650 and "1605". Some researches discover that "1605" can be fully decomposed with one

planting season and can not accrue in the soil. In the alkali soil, Methyl 1605 is not stable and can

be degradated 95% within 7 days. The soil in the project region is some-what alkali, it is predicted- - . + 1. 0 q n qatcides wi be

relatively small.

The transport of pesticides to the groundwater depends on its physical and chemicalproperties, soil properties and water flow function. Water-saving irrigation reduces the irrigationwater amount and the irrigation water return supply for groundwater is also reduced (especiallywith drip irrigation and spray irrigation). In addition, stalk-returning will enhance the soil organic

content, which is helpful for adsorption and degradation of pesticides.

From the analysis above, we can conclude that water-saving irrigation with agriculturalmeasures as well as prescribed fertilization will reduce the possibility of potential pesticides

groundwater pollution.

The pesticides transport and transformation involves environmental chemistry, environmentalgeology, hydraulic dynamics, pedology, agricultural science and computer science. The behaviorand mechanism of pesticides in the environment research is very fragile and there are a lot ofthings to be desired. After the implementation of the project, it is necessary to monitoring theapplication amount, application patter and the envirommental residuals, to emphasize theprecaution measures, to insist on application of high efficiency, low-toxic, low-residual pesticidesand to enlarge the area of biological treatment projects.4.8 Evaluation of the influence on social and economic development and ecological environmentby the project

The implementation of the project will have an important role in the social and economicdevelopment and enhancement of living standard.

4.8.1 The implementation of the project will promote the rational adjustment of theplanting composition

Irrigation condition improvement will enhance water resources utilization efficiency andproduction efficiency, reduce the agricultural water waste and promote the rational adjustment ofplanting composition. According to the local land use characteristics and economic developmentrequirement, improve the planting composition, select high-yield and stable-yield crops (such asflower, fruit trees, greenhouse vegetables, anti-season vegetables, medical herbs), and increase theoutput per unit area. It is possible to charge the traditional tillage system, to increase the land useefficiency, to improve the soil structure and to widely develop the machanized production.

Hence, the extension and popularization of water-saving irrigation is a technical revolution tothe traditional planting mode. Its influence is not restricted to the project region, it will promotethe whole agricultural development in Beijing.

4.8.2 Influence on the agricultural economy by the implementation of the projectThe improvement of irrigation facilities and planting composition adjustment will help to

increase the yields of grain, vegetable and fruits, which is certain to promote the agricultural

economy development.

A lot of work and achievements have been realized in the planting composition adjustment,tillage, tillage change and irrigation technologies. Dunng the planting stage of the project , it isproposed that the planting areas for vegetable and fruit should be appropriately increased without

large variation of the planting areas for wheat, com, vegetable and fruit trees. A lot of experimentsare to be carried out in the aspects of soil, slope. Unit width discharge and tillage. An optional

combination of different components is to be used to instruct the project construction. It ispredicted that the water-saving and yield-increasing benefit will be realized.

The implementation of the project Aill improve the aericultural prodaction condition.

transform the rough field management to scientific management, increase the agricultural output

of the project region and make the project region be the production base of grain, oil and other

agricultural products for the capital.

In addition, with the enhancement of production level and increase of economic income, the

industries of electricity, roads and transportation will be developed future by the modem

agriculture. Hence developing water-saving irrigation project is necessary the farmer's income and

enhancement of public living standard.

4.8.3 Influence on the ecological environment by project construction

(I) Function of the project construction in improving the agricultural ecology in the project

region.

The sand storms in Beijing mainly come from BaoTou, inner Mongolia and west part of He

Tao region. The sand storm in spring is the main cause of dust pollution of atmosphere. Other

destruction natural disasters, such as gust, hail, pests, frost and flood, occur mainly in local

regions.

Therr is 520 kha of forest area in Beijing and the forest coverage rate is 36.3%. The project

provide the capital a green protection circle, increase the air humidity in the project region, and

provide the favorable condition for preventing occurrence of dry hot wind in the project region.

The implementation of the project will increase the capacity to resist natural disasters.

Drought is the most frequent natural disaster in Beijing. Water-saving irrigation project reduce the

water demand, and the irrigation water mainly comes from the groundwater, then the irrigation

guaranteed rate is increased. Also, the water-saving irrigation can improve the field micro-climate

and pest disaster caused by long-time dry and hot weather.

There are various distance and pests disaster in the project region. The project various

disaster in the project region. The project will help to select disease-resistant crops varieties to

replace the original varieties. The pesticides application and low-residual pesticides are to be used.

Use pests to control pests, extend the biological prevention and treatment measures to control

pests disasters. All the above measures are beneficial to the construction and development of the

ecological environment.

4.9 Analysis of the influence on the water quality of receiving water body by the

implementation of the project

The implementation of the project will have some influence on the local surface runoff and

groundwater supply, improve the quality of receiving water body. There is little revered irrigation

water, the variation of planting composition and irrigation patterns will reduce the surface runoff,

enhancement of land use efficiency will reduce the soil-water loss and increase the surface water

environment capacity. All of the above results will help to improve the river water quality to some

extent.

After the completion of the project, the application amounts of chemical fertilizers and

pesticides are to be increased. But the irrigation water outflow is reduced and the water body's

self-purification capacity is increased, the original water-fertilizer relationship is to be changed.

Water-saving Irrigation and related agricultural technology will accelerate the fertilizer transport

and transformation in the soil and increased the uptake amount by the crops and increase the

utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer, and reduce the possibility of polluting the surface

water and groundwater. Hence, some of its disadvantages can be balanced. Moreover, the.A- -A i-v,,l fertilizers will

further reduce the influence.

4.10 Influence on the environment by the construction process

The main tasks during the construction process are the water transmission projects

construction, roads and bridges construction and land leveling projects. There are some local and

provisional pollution during the construct period, such as soil discharge, noise and soil-water loss.

(1) Waste residue

Waste residues mainly come from earth engineering and canal lining. The project has large

scope of construction, and the excavation and landfill are conducted almost at the same time, so

there are relatively few waste residues during the construction process.

(2) dust

Earth works can produce some dust, especially during the dry and windy period in spring.

But the construction sites are mainly located in areas with few people, then the influence is

relatively small. Manage to avoid construction during windy period.

(3) soil-water lossMost of the canal lining works are performed on the existing canals, only a small amount of

canals are need to be dug. So the vegetation is slightly damnaged. Construction during rainy season

will cause some soil-water loss.

Serious soil-water loss will occur if the rural roads construction are conducted during the

season or the roads construction methods are inappropriate. During the rainy season, roads are

easy to be damaged if the drainage system is not adequate, and the adverse influence on the

surrounding fields will occur.

(4) noise

Noise is produced by mechanical excavation, sand and stone processing, concrete blending or

moving vehicles. But the influence is relatively small, because the construction sites are almost far

from the village or towns. Vehicles should not enter the public dwelling regions at nights. Select

machinery of low-noise or adjust the working time table to reduce the potential noise pollution.

(5) Oil leakage from machinery may occur. Select the fixed place outside the tillage region to

fill oil for the machinery or conduct the maintenance work in order to avoid adverse influence on

the soil.

(6) Land leveling many cause top soil movement and appearance of deep soil.in the future

tillage, deep tillage, application of composite fertilizer and stalk-retuming measures should be

conducted to increase the field fertility.

4.11 General evaluation of the influence on the environment by the project construction

and the countermeasures

From the. analysis above, we can conclude that the project will enhance water resources

utilization efficiency, improve the agricultural ecological environment, increase he grain yield and

finally promote the coordinated development of agriculture and environment protection, after the

completion of the project, the related environmental benefit and damage analysis is contained in

the appendix table 2; some environmental factors analysis and the evaluation suggestion are

contained in the appendix table 3.

4.11.1 Water environment pollution prevention and treatment measures

The implementation of the project will have slight adverse influence on the surface water

quality. but with the town-ship enterprise development and the enhancement of public living

standard ,the wastewater discharge amount will be increased which may cause adverse influence

34

on the lower reach of the project region. In order to prevent and treat the water environment

pollution and assure smooth agricultural production and economic development, following

measures should be used:

(1) Strictly control existing point-source pollution ; assure the total pollutant discharge

amount for rivers in the project region being controlled within the permissible scope of

environment capacity; implement "closing, suspending, combining, transforming and moving"

policy for the enterprises which can not meet the requirement of standard wastewater discharge .

(2) The conjunctive operation among canals, wells and rivers should be encouraged to

enhance irrigation situation, and control the land surface subsiding. Implement conjunctive

operation of surface water and groundwater, prevent the groundwater pollution by the leakage of

surface water.

4.11.2 Measures of alleviating the influence on the water environment by pesticides and

chemical fertilizers

After the implementation of the project, the application amounts of pesticides and chemical

fertilizers will be changed. The non-point pollution caused by the pesticides and chemical

fertilizers should be controlled to its minimum level.

(1) Implement balance-fertilization, fertilization by measuring soil nutrition ,real-time

fertilization and independent nitrogen fertilizers application ; rationally adjust the composition

proportions of N,P,K fertilizers; Increase the organic fertilizer application amount; use rational

irrigation and drainage pattem to reduce N-fertilizer leaching loss and alleviate the groundwater

pollution.

(2) Adjust the structure of chemical fertilizer varieties and develop chemical fertilizers of

high-efficiency, multi-composition and slow-effective; Carbamide and multi-element composite

fertilizers containing N,P,K and various trace elements should be increasingly used, extend the

utilization of biological fertilizers which are long-effective, low-application amour and low-cost.

(3) The application of pesticides should conform to the national "Pesticides safe usage

standard". Use safe, low-toxic, high-efficiency and low-residue pesticides. Precaution measures

are essential in controlling groundwater pollution by pesticides. Develop the biological prevention

and treatment projects. Prevent or reduce the possibility of river water pollution by pesticide

through field runoff.

(4) During the implementation of the project, select the typical region to conduct monitoring

of pesticides application amount and time and implement application amount control.

4.11.3 Measures of allowing the adverse environment influence during the construction

period

(I) Conduct timely clearance of the waste residues produced during the construction process

and transport them to the nomninated stacking places.

(2) Avoid canal excavation and roads construction during rainy season, intensity the

vegetation reinstatement along the canals and prevent soil-water loss.

(3) The construction vehicles passing through public dwelling area should move slowly and

blow no whistle, manage to avoid vehicle passing through public dwelling area at nights.

4.11.4 Other environmental problems and alleviating measures

the main problem is related to plastic film residue. The use of plastic film can increase the

soil temperature and humidity, and increase grain yield. But the plastic film residue in the soil

causes adverse influence on the ecological environment. Some researches show that the film

residue can cause had crops seedlings situation and reduce the grain yield. In addition, the plastic

film residue causes scenery pollution. Hence, the agricultural plastic film residue should be

retrieved timely.

5 Analysis and evaluation of the benefit of the project

5.1 Economic benefit analysis

The implementation of the project will realize the sustainable agricultural development,

accelerate the production base construction of grains, vegetable, fruits of "high-efficiency, high-

yield and high-quality", and alleviate about direct economic revenue for the project region, but

also promote the development of tertiary industry, processing industry and breeding industry.

According to the calculation, the project can newly develop 24104 ha of water-saving

irrigation area and save 0.069 billion m3 of water per year.

Water-saving irrigation together with the agricultural yield-increasing measures (such as

prescribed fertilization, enhancing soil fertility, good varieties selection and breeding ) will further

promote the agricultural production. According to the existing data analysis, the project can

enhance the irrigation guaranteed rate and increase the grain yield by 10-15% and fruit yields by

15-30%. Refer to table 5-1 for details.

Table 5-1 Crops yields with or without the project in the project region

Unit: kg/ha

Crops Without the project With the project Increasingpercentage (%)

Wheat 4500 5625 25%Coin 5100 5856 15%

Millet 2625 2887.5 10Greenhouse vegetable 9000 108000 20%Open-field vegetable 100000 125000 25%

Watermelon 37500 43500 16%Apple 12000 13800 15%Peach 19256 22144 15%Pear 13344 15345 15%

Grapes 15402 18482 20%Chinese chestnut 3000 3450 15%

According to the calculation by the comparison method required by the world Bank, the net

annual benefit increase during the benefit-stable period is 86726 thousand Yuan. The economic

and financial analysis shouws the value of IRR is greater than 12%.

5.2 Social benefit analvsis5.2.1 Disaster reduction, disaster, disaster prevention

The implementation of the project will enhance the field irrigation and drainage standard and

increase the irrigation water guaranteed rate, which will alleviate the hazards on the agricultural

production by droughts and floods. Extension of drought-resistant, wind-resistant crops varieties

will increase the crops capacity for disaster reduction and disaster prevention. The forestry

measures will reduce the sandstorrn and gust hazards, beautify the environment and conserve soil-

water reasons.

5.2.2 Reduce water affaire disputes and promote social stability

The implementation of the project will reduce the water loss, increase water resources

36

utilization efficiency, reduce the water usage conflicts among industry, agriculture and domestic

life and the water usage conflicts among different administration regions, reduce water affair

disputes and promote social stability.

With regional economic development and water affair reduction, the person-to-person

relationship, people's living standard, infrastructure and cultural recreation facilities will be

improved. Hence, people's cultural quality will be improved.

In addition, SIDD experiments and establishment of water supply companies and water user's

association will improve the management mechanism and water resources management. SIDD is

responsible for the construction, implementation, operation and managejment of the project, for

supplying water at cost-price, recovering the water conservancy investment and making

sustainable development of water conservancy fixed assets.

5.2.3 Promote regional economy development

The implementation of the project will promote the agricultural science and technology

progress, enhance agricultural production level, promote rational adjustment of planting

arrangements, realize the development for transforming agricultural planting into high-efficiency,

high-yield and high-quality commercial structure. At the same time, agricultural production

development can promote the development of forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, provide

substantial raw materials for processing industry and promote the development of transportation

and town-ship enterprises. The farmers' income will be increased and a lot of employment

opportunities are supplied for women and some surplus labor. The regional economy will be fully

developed.

5.3 Environment benefit analysis

5.3.1 Environmental protection investment

In order to assure less adverse environmental influence on the environrnent and promote

general improvement of the environment, the environment factors should be controlled in the

project region and precaution measures should be implemented for potential pollution during the

construction period. The field forest network construction and application of soil-water

conservancy measures should be taken into account with the environmental protection contents.

Refer to table 5-2 for details about the corresponding expenditures.

table 5-2 Investment in forestry and environmental protection

unit: thousand Yuan

Ytears Fangshan Changping Mtyun P2nggu Tongzhou Daxing Chaoyang Beijing

Total 883 240 6453 1657 1412 3064 170 13880

2001 154 96 712 620 275 1211 51 3119

2002 222 144 504 307 432 60 1669

2003 204 489 430 309 933 59 2424

2004 190 . 3956 430 301 248 5125

20Q5 1 114 __ 1 792 177 220 240 1 1543

5.3.2 Environmental protection benefit analvsis

The implementation of the project has an important role in improving the regional ecological

environment, rational water resources utilization, and sustainable development of the project

region. _

The implementation of water conservancy projects can help the rational water resources

development and utilization, alleviate the hazards caused by drought, flood and salinization and

bring about various environmental benefit. Developing water-saving imgation project can enhance

the water resources utilization efficiency, reduce groundwater exploitation amount, effectively

alleviate the water consumption conflicts, realize the sound circulation of water ecological

environment, and achieve maximum comprehensive benefit with the limited water resources.

The regional hydro-geological condition can be improved by the groundwater recharging

projects. Spray irrigation can improve the field micro-climate. In addition, the project can help to

control the water table, improve the soil physical and chemical properties, reduce the fertilizers

loss and maintain sound agricultural ecological environment.

The development of various industries (agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery ) will

richen the local farmers' life, which improves the system efficiency and rational circulation of

energy flow and material flow.

The field forest network construction and fruit trees development will improve the climate

condition and alleviate the sandstorm hazards. According to the related data, the fruit trees can

reduce the wind velocity by 25-35%, increase the temperature by 1-2C in winter and reduce

temperature in summer, and reduce the evaporation by about 20%. The field forest network

construction is the essential part of ecological agriculture construction. With the development of

forestry construction, the natural environment in the project region will be improved to some

degree.

6. Environment monitoring and protection management plan6.1 Environment monitoring plan

The implementation of the project will have some influence on the planting composition,

water table, water quality, soil and the surrounding environmental factors. In order to accurately

and timely reflect the current environment quality and developing tendency, the monitoring should

be intensified for providing scientific data for environment management and pollution control.

6.1.1 Environmental monitoring and management institutions

Monitoring institutions at city-level and county-level are to be established to be responsible

for data collecting, summing, analyzing, feed-backing and indexing. The institutions are connected

to MIS system with the branch-end at the base monitoring point in the field. The data transmission

and index should be quick and accurate. The main responsibilities of the two-level monitoring

institutions are as follows:

Municipal project monitoring center----accept various monitoring tasks issued by the

Central Project Office; instruct the monitoring stations at the county-level; conduct scientific

research and technical training.

Project management stations at country-level----receive the supervision of the municipal

project monitoring center; implement various plans according to the related specifications; collect

data, analyze data and submit monitonrng reports; propose measures to solve the related problems.

6.1.2 Monitoring plan

The monitoring tasks in the project region consist of monitonng surface water quality and

38

quantity, water table, groundwater quality and quantity, and soil.

() Surface water monitoring

The monitoring locations are located at rivers, reservoirs and the irrigation water sources.

One monitoring is conducted each year before the spring irrigation

Monitoring items: According to the requirements by "Surface Water Environmental Quality

Standard"(GB 3838-88) and "Agricultural Irrigation Water Quality Standard"(GB5084-92)

(© Groundwater monitoring

Use the sub-project region as the basic unit. According to the hydro-geological conditions,

select the typical monitoring wells.

Monitoring location: pumping wells of water-saving irrigation system and one monitoring

well per 35km2 of area.

Monitoring time: groundwater quality and quantity, pumping amount. Monitoring is based

on the requirements of "groundwater Quality Standard"(GB/T 14848-93) and

"Agriculture Irrigation Water Quality Standard"(GB5084-92)

(©) Soil monitoring

Monitoring location: one monitoring place per 20 km2; emphasis is laid on the top soil(0-

20cm)

Monitoring time: as required

Monitoring factors: PH, nitrogen content, total phosphorus, organic matter, etc.

The concrete monitoring contents are contained in table 6-1.

Table 6-1 Water-saving irrigation project environment monitoring plan

Monitoring location: Monitoring time: Monitoring unit

Groundwater Conte Surface water conte Chemnicalquality Mt quality nt Soil content fertilizer and usagequality nt quality nt ~~~~~~~~pesticides _____

PH pH Wheat:Hardness SO42_ N-fertilizer

Salinity N03-N P-fertilizer

SO2* NH4-N K-fertilizer

Cl- T-P Compositefertilizer

N0 3-N DO N Pesticides

NH4-N CODc, P Name I

K Name 2

Organic Name 3

COM:N-fertilizer

_______________ _ P-fertilizer

K-fertilizer

CompositefertilizerName I

l__ ___ ___ __Name 2-! ____ - _ _ Other crops

(©) Project benefit monitoring ----water utilization efficiency, water amount saved, crops

yield increase, farmer's income increase, economic structure agricultural situation forecast, etc.

© The third level node (county-level) monitoring of MIS----society, economy, agriculture,

household survey, practical on-side investigation, fmnancial analysis, investment, procurement,

payment, benefit, etc.

(D SIDD development plan----policy, regulations, information, resources, technology,activity, WUA, WSC operation, water fee, repayment mechanism, training, investigations, project

progress, etc.

(1) The second-level node (city-level) of MIS----compile the reports submitted by the

third-level node; issue project order and monitoring tasks.

The environment monitoring method, sampling method and monitoring analyzing method

should be as same as those issued by the National Environmental Protection Bureau.

6.1.3 Monitoring expenditure

Enough funds are the prerequisite for implementing the above monitoring plan. According to

monitoring contents, the expenditure arrangement is contained in table 6-2.

Table 6-2 Monitoring expenditure arrangement in the project region

Unit: thousand Yuan

I teem Fangshan Changping Miyun Pinggu Tongzhou Daxing Chaoyang Beijing

Total 44.20 19.00 153.0 28.00 111.2 158.0 17.04 530.44

2001 8.76 7.60 34.0 8.00 20.9 38.0 5.08 122.34

2002 11.36 11.40 30.0 24.7 38.0 6.04 121.50

2003 11.36 _ 33.0 7.00 24.9 42.0 5.92 124.18

2004 6.36 1 32.0 7.00 24.1 22.0 1 1 91.46

2005 6.36 24.0 6.00 16.6 18.0 70.96

6.2 Environmental protection management plan

6.2.1 Environment management during the construction period and operation period

Conduct management of the environmental behaviors produced by production and life on the

construction site; promote civilized construction; keep the work site organized. The construction

units should have their own personnel responsible for environmental protction. Environmental

quality reporting system should be established at various counties. Intensify the related

propaganda and enhance the environmental protection awareness of the construction personnel.

The water supply departments should assure the water sources quality meeting the water

quality standard required by water body function classification. Prohibit discharging effluence to

the drainage system in the irrigation region. Report the irrigation water pollution to the

environmental protection departments as quick as possible, once this phenomena occur.

6.2.2 Establishing environmental monitoring reporting system

The environmental monitoring reporting system is the effective measure for realizing the

environment management.

(1) Monitoring stations at various levels should compile environmental monitoring reporting

tables according to the requirement of environmental monitoring plan.

(2) Sub-project regions should report the monitoring data to the related county-level project

office, then the county-level project office check the monitoring reporting table and submit the

environmental monitoring report to the municipal office.

(3) The related environmental protection bureau in the city summarizes various

environmental monitoring reports and proposes the opinion of the environment monitoring and

,management in the project region and instructs this opinion to lower-level environment protection

management departments.

(4) Submit the environmental monitoring report and the suggestions of municipal

environment protection bureau to the Central Project Office . Under the instruction of the Central

Project Office, adjust and implement the environmental monitoring plan.

7 Public participationBeijing Word Bank-Fund Water-Saving Irrigation project involves the agriculture

development of 36 towns of 7 countries with a population of 285,715 thousand people. The

farmers' direct benefit is involved and the project must be carefully conducted.

Water-Saving irrigation plays an active role in the local social and economic development. It

is important to make good use of the function of public participation and public supervision to

eliminate or alleviate the adverse the environmental influence during the construction and

operation periods. It is essential to realize the concurrent development of both economy

construction and environmental protection, and to safeguard the public interests. Hence, with the

sufficient proof and precise design, the investigation of the opinions and suggestion of different

social groups should be conducted.

7.1 Investigation content and method

Propaganda and investigation have been conducted in order to inform all the related people of

project content, meaningfulness and potential adverse influence and proposed prevention and

treatment measure. Public opinions and suggestion about the proposed project are investigated by

the way of holding various-level government departments conferences, holding propaganda day of

"Sending science and technology to the country-sides", sending "Public consulting investigation

table" via activities of "Water conservancy in the Mountain Areas Richens Farmers", organizing

expert consulting and social entity investigation. The final report about the public participation

investigation is forrned by compiling the related data and information collected.

7.2 Investigation result

Among the 980 persons investigated, all of them agree the construction of the project. About

200 persons (20%) of them gave their suggestions and opinions for the project. All of the

govemment officials, experts and social entities support the construction of the project.

The reasons for supporting the construction of the projection are as follows:

(1) Beijing is the capital and should be developed into an intemational open metropolis. But

the water shortage problem in Beijing restricts the development and construction. The

implementation of the project will effectively alleviate the water supply-demand conflicts and

make it possible to achieve more benefits with the limited water resources.

(2) The implementation of the project will promote the regional economic and social

development, enhance the possibility of employment for women, enhance the social status of

women, improve the agricultural management level, and improve public living standards.

(3) The implementation of the project will improve the irrigation facilities and related

facilities. promote overall development of tertiary industry, processing industry and breeding

(4) During the implementation of the project, advanced agricultural technologies are to be

extended to effectively control environmental pollution. The project will promote the sound

circulation of regional agricultural ecology and provide favorable condition for providing high-

efficiency, high-yield and high-quality agricultural products (grain, vegetable, fruit,etc.)

Public suggestion and opinions are as follows:

(1) The proposed project should be carried out as soon as possible to benefit the local

farmers.

(2) During the construction of the project, environmental protection arrangement should

be done in order to reduce the construction noise and the damage of ecological environment.

(3) During the implementation of the project, fanners' benefit should be protected; farmers'

burden should be alleviate. The project quality should be practical and reliable.

(4) The management and utilization level of water-saving irrigation project should be

improved; the scientific farming skills should be enhanced.

8 Evaluation conclusion and suggestions8.1 Evaluation conclusion

There is a water resources shortage problem in Beijing. The irrigation water amount has to be

reduced. Hence, developing water-saving irrigation in water-short undeveloped regions will play

an important role in increasing land use efficiency, promoting the public living quality in the

project region.

After the analysis and evaluation above have been done, we can reach the following

preliminary conclusion:

(1) Water-Saving irrigation (spray irrigation, micro-irrigation, pipeline irrigation and canal

lining technology) will increase the water resources utilization coefficient to be 0.70-0.85 from the

original value of 0.4-0.65 (surface irrigation). The crops irrigation quota is to be reduced. The

implementation of the project will effectively alleviate water resources supply-demand conflict in

Beijing and make it possible to achieve more benefits with the limited water resources.

(2) After the implementation of the project, water-saving irrigation technology and advanced

agricultural technology are to be extended, which enhances the yield per unit area and promotes

the economic development in the project region.

(3) The implementation of the project will improve the irrigation facilities and related

facilities, promote overall development of tertiary industry, processing industry and breeding

industry, etc. and enhance public cultural quality in the project region.

(4) During the implementation of the project, advanced agricultural technology is to be

extended to effectively control environmental pollution. The project will alleviate the continuous

declining on water table and may makle it possible for the water table to slightly rise. At the same

time, vegetation is to be enlarged, which helps to reduce soil-water loss and promote the sound

circulation of regional ecological environment in the project region.

(5) Scientific irrigation pattem and the related agricultural measures (balance-fertilization,

temperature-increasing and humidity-keeping, stalk-retaining) will help to deliver the water

content and nutrients to the crops root zone uniformly and timely, help to improve the soil

structure and enhance fertilizer utilization efficiency.

(6) The implementation of the project will accelerate the extension and popularization of

science and technology, help farmers to master modem scientific knowledge and scientific

agricultural production management technologies. The project will not only enhance the scientific

and cultural level of farmers, but also improve the social environment in the project region.

Hence, the project will be beneficial for the environmental protection and development

of ecological agriculture, promote the sustainable development of agriculture, has notable

social, economic, and environmental benefits.

After the implementation of the project, the potential influence on the soil and groundwater

pollution by chemical fertilizers and pesticides will be reduced by water-saving irrigation,

agricultural measures and management measure, but the influence will be still existing.

Precaution is the primary measure for controlling the potential influence buy chemical

fertilization and pesticides. The concrete management measures are as follows:

(I) Implement balance-fertilization, fertilization by measuring soil, real-time fertilization and

independent nitrogen fertilizer application which help to reduce N-feTtilizer leaching loss.

© The application of pesticides should conform to the national "Pesticide Safe Usage

Standard". Use safe, low-toxic, high-efficiency and low-residue pesticides.

During the construction period, local and provisional noise, dust and soil-water loss may be

produced by the earth excavation and machinery construction, etc.. hence:

(D Conduct timely clearance of the waste residues produced during the construction process

and transport them to the nominated stacking places.

(a) Avoid canal excavation and roads construction during rainy season, intensify the

vegetation reinstatement along the canals and prevent soil-water loss.

(E the construction vehicles passing through public dwelling area should move slowly and

blow no whistle, manage to avoid vehicles passing through public dwelling area at nights

8.2 Suggestions

(1) Implement projects of water irrigation, water storage and water recharge, conduct rational

control of the water table, make balance of the water resources supply-demand

It is suggested that the groundwater recharge engineering system should be continuously

implemented during the project construction to block rain flood and reservoir discharge water.

Also, the groundwater exploitation amount per year should not exceed the average annual

groundwater supply amount in order to maintain water resources supply-demand balance.

(2) Rationally apply chemical fertilizers and pesticides, ameliorate the soil and prevent

pollution

In the chemical fertilizers application, the N-element amount demand should be determined

correctly and be applied deeply by several times. The P-fertilizer utilization efficiency can be

improved by collective application into the root zone and combination with organic fertilizers. The

suitable composition of N, P, K should be decided experiments and soil properties.

In the pesticides application, strictly prohibit usage of organic chlorine pesticides, promote

the usage of high-efficiency, low-toxic, low-residue pesticides, restrict the usage amount of copper

sulphate, extend the biological prevention and treatment of diseases and pests disasters.

(3) Protect groundwater resources

Following measures for protecting groundwater resources should be implemented to

safeguard the primary irrigation water source.

(I) Implement the wastewater treatment plants related to the project construction plan as

soon as possible.

02 Intensify the treatment of polluting sources.

Prohibit treating wastewater by seeping wells and seeping depressions.

Appendix:

Table 1. Analyzing Table of the Project-Support-SystemI . Social and humanistic part

Program Support conditionsWater-saving irrigatin .There is water shortage in Beijing. The irrigation waterWater-saving irngation is less. The dry poor regions need the advanced scientific

engineenng techniques to raise the income of people, the level of life.

There are government policies to guarantee thePolicy guarantee construction of modem agriculture, water-saving

engineering, the development of town economy,environmental protection.

Government emphasizes Design, implementing, management are participated byproject govermnent officials. Also they formulate regulations.

The enthusiasm of people in program region is high.People's enthusiasm The public support the construction of water-saving

______________________ irTigation system to rise the quality of Beijing environment.

II. Resources Part

The water resources The irrigating water saved is around 30%. The totalagricultural water consumption in the whole city is reduced

l________________________ by more than 5%. Balance the supply-demand of water.Products After the program, the average yield increase is 28%.

Among that, the crops is 39%, the fruit is 28-43%, and thenet econonic value increase is 2.2 billion RMB.

Forestry resources Plant forests along the fields and roads, etc. Ameliorateenvironment and raise income.

Comprehensive resources With the help of the program, the development ofpoultry, fishing, animal, land, agriculture, mining, tertiaryindustry, etc. will be accelerated.

III. The Technique of the Engineering PartWater conservancy There are 84 reservoirs, 67 dams, 4900 irrigating wells,

engineering and good water-transmission system. In the plain region, theeffective covering rate is 90%. Also, there are qualifieddrainage systems.

Water conservancy The data and information from all kinds of reservoirstechnology and rivers are adequate. The water conservancy research

institutions have high level and are full of achievements.Planting technique The farmers know well about the topography,

'hydrology, ecology and planting skills of the region.Building materials & The farmers know well about the four kinds of water-

construction saving irrigation techniques, and they can get the building______ ____ |materials easily from the market.

N. OthersThe project can help the amelioration of the local

Environmental protection environment, and protection of the ecological environment.__________________________ I and public health.

Because of the prosperous economy, convenientThe sale of products transportation, and the demand of market, the sales of

products are good.The total amount of funds World Bank, government

Economy financial bureau, and the public is 0.38 billion RMB. Withthe increase of production and profits, we are confident thatwe can repay the loans on time.

Table 2 Analhzing Table of the Environmental Benefit and Damage

after the Completion of the project _________

No. Items Contents Description Weights____ ___ ____ ___ ____ ___ ___ B enefit Dainage

I Water resources (utilization To reach the optimal point of +++of water) water-saving degree.

To reduce the irrigating water2 Supply of groundwater return quantity.

3 Ameliorate quality of To reduce the pollution of + +underground water underground water.

Ameliorate weather around air. To increase the humidity in the4 the field air. To defense against drought and + +

dty hot wind.

To control the volume of5 Anti-drought irrigation water and frequency of + + +

irrigation. -

6 Drainage The scale of the engineering ++decides the drainage efficiency. _+

Prevention of soil erosion To avoid runoff in the fields and + +7 damage of soil structure.8 Raising the utilization rate To avoid digging ditches and + +

of the arable land canals to increase planting land areas.The deep soil rises to the surface

9 Level the land and fertility decreases. There is noise + +________________________ pollution from construction_ __.

Rational proportion of N, P, K.To increase the utilization of

10 Adding fertilizer rationally composite fertilizers and manure. To + + -

raise fertility of soil, reduce thepollution.

Construction of ecological To extend biological protective11 agriculture engineering. To raise the quality of + +

agricul_ure products.To utilize high-quality

12 Use fertilizers rationally fertilizers. To reduce pollution of ++

atmosphere and water.

Construct forest protective To establish adequate protective13 network. To improve the ability of . . .

network defending flood, wind, and drought.

The film can stop the14 The plastic film covering evaporation of soil water and + +

increase of salinity. Retrieve after use

Separate the crop fields using15 Reu eates ditches, roads, forests to reduce its + +

-~~~ ~diseasessrad spread.

After the program, the income rises;the weather is proper; the fields, theroads, the forests and other thingsform a beautiful environment picture.

tzood. ++ better. I Hi- best. - bad, -- worse

Table 3 Table of Su gestions for some Environment Factors Anal'sis and EvaluationNo Items Analysis Suggestion

Reduction of the The water-saving irrigation To utilize the precipitation and extraI gRoundwatin rchare will affect the recharge of water from reservoirs. Take care of watergroundwater recharge underground water. pollution.

The benefit of Design standard of drainage2 drainage engineering is too high, input are To design it carefully, and demonstrate

engineering huge. If it is too low, soil erosion the result prudently.engtneenng ~will occur.

1.To choose low-noise machine and propeLeveling the 1. The machine noise. time, to avoid machine oil seeping on the

3 land during the 2. The deep soil can lower the soil.construction fertility of soil. 2.To increase the utilization of composite___________________ ______________________________ fertilizers and ameliorate the soil.

Avoid water The region over utilized the To ascertain the demand quantity of nitrogen. Topolto by e relo add tllzpollutlon by Thdgen fertilizer and lacked o d phosphorus fertilizers to the root zone combined4 fertilizers. The phosphogenfertilize and potassin owith organic fertilizers. To reducc the fixation by soil

quality & quantity o osphorus and poasium and raise the utilization rate of phosphorus. Toquaty fertilizers, ascertain the proper proportion of N, P, K.The irrational utilization Although we have banned theof fertilizers can affect utilization of Organic-chlorine fertilizer Continue to ban the utilization oenvironment, pollute for several years, there are still slight

; water system. We should volume of "DDT" or "666". The organic-chlorine fertilizers. To extend high-extend the utilization o copper concentration in water rises for qualified fertilizers, and pesticides.biological chemicals. these years. _

Design th Although the advantages of To choose the tree varieties carefully and6 forestry . forstty protective net are research the regional topography. To avoid6nfrestwrk protective obvious, the forests can cover the planting high nitrogen-yielding trees near the

network carefully. lih._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _light to the crops. water sources.The plastic film

can raise production There are many advantages TO take them back in time and invent7 yield, and prevent the of plastic film. However, they can

increase of soil not be decomposed easily.salinization.

Irrigate at The water-saving irrigation cangproper time and save more water and avoid runoff in the The intermission of spray irrigation and

8 adjust the irrigating fields. However, the water content in drip irrigation can not be too long to avoidfrequst te uncy. ing soil is low and can not maintain for a soil salinization.frequency. ln ie

_ ~~~long tirne.To control the In the hot day, the cold When the difference between water

relationship of i ltn wthe will hrth the temperature and air temperature is big, we9 temperature in waterater will hurt the should choose proper irrigating water

and in the air. crops. temperature and intensity.

10 The wind can When the speed of the wind is If the speed of wind is more than 5.4m/s,10 affect the imgation. big, the spray irgation can bring we should avoid spray irrigation.afettei_iain uneven irrgation and soil erosion. _______________________

To avoid the The drippers heads can11 clogging of the affect the irrigation when they are To check the drippers all the time.

drippers. clogged.

I .Renovate the Beijing wastewater Treatment Plant assoon as possible.

To protect the underground water is huge in program 2.1ntensify the treatment of pollution sources.12 groundwater region. Protecting the quality and 3 Treat the wastewater non-collectively in the project

resources. quantity of underground water can keep region.resources. the continuous development of the rgo4. Ban collecting wastewater by seepage wells orproject region. depression.