Table of content Page number

History of Ancient Egypt 2

Geo Political significance of the Egypt 3

Comparative Chart with India 4

Current State of Relationship between India and Egypt 5

How Can India improve its trade, cultural and political ties with Egypt

5

IGPE Assignment -2Tarun Bhatt-pgdm21544

The first dynasty: from c.3100 BC

the First Dynasty, the capital moved from unified Egypt ruled by an Egyptian-king.

1798-1801- French invasion and occupation of Egypt by Napoleon Bonaparte. This ends Mamluke rule in Egypt.

1803-1807-Egyptian Revolution--Political violence engulfed Egypt, leading to the rise of Muhammed Ali as Pasha of Egypt.

1820-1839-Egyptian Conquest of the Sudan.

1825-1832-Egyptian intervention to aid the Ottoman Turks in Greek War of Independence. This war brings Egypt into conflict with the British, French, and Russians.

1882-British Conquest of Egypt.

1922-British declare the independence of Egypt. British still retained control of Egyptian foreign policy and basic administration of the country.

1948-1949-War with Israel in the First Arab-Israeli War. Egypt gains control of the Gaza Strip.

1948 (December 28)-- Prime Minister Mahmoud an-Nukrashi Pasha, was assassinated by the Muslim Brotherhood.

1952-Egyptian Revolution of 1952. King Farouk overthown by Lieutenant General Muhammad Naguib and Gamel Abdel Nasser. Naguib becomes Egypt's first President.

1954-Nasser becomes Prime Minister and effectively rules Egypt with President Naguib as a figurehead.

1958-Egypt united with Syria to form the United Arab Republic. The UAR existed until Syria's secession in 1961

1962-1970-Egypt intervened in the Yemen Civil War. This intervention brought Egypt into conflict with Saudi Arabia.

1973- War with Israel. The Yom Kippur/Ramadan War paves the way for eventual peace negotiations to take place.

1977 (July)-Short borderwith Libya.

1979-Egypt and Israel sign the Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty, ending the state of war that had existed since 1948

1981-Assassination of President

Sadat. Vice-PresidentHosni

Mubarakpower.

1989-Egypt readmitted to the Arab League. 1991-War with Iraq. Egypt took part in the

multi-national coalition that drove Iraqi forces

from Kuwait in theGulf War.

2011-Massive unrestplace throughout Egypt

with opposition groups calling for the

ouster of President Mubarak.

June, 2012--Egyptians vote in their first free election, choosing Islamist leaderMorsias the President of Egypt. Morsi was the candidate of the formerly outlawed Muslim Brotherhood. Morsi won with almost 52% of the vote.

Egypt, under President El-Sisi, has been making major changes in its international alliances. With two visits to Beijing, and four visits to Russia to meet with President Vladimir Putin,El-Sisi has been reaching out to create different alliances and to make it clear that this new path is being driven internally. However, from our perspective, these changes have come at a price, and perhaps it is a price that different elements of the state had not realised that they would pay.On 3 October, Egypt’s Foreign Minister, Sameh Shoukry, commented that the Russian action in Syria was positive and that he expected the military intervention would act to stem the spread of terrorism and the Islamic State group (IS).

The Nile is hardly the perfect river. While its annual flow cycle is reliable — so reliable that the rare instances of drought are quite literally Biblical events — the river is not commercially navigable. On its upper course, water hazards — called cataracts — block navigation by all but the smallest vessels. On its lower course within the delta, the river splits — naturally as well as due to the hand of man — into a smattering of much smaller and shallower distributaries that bar maritime traffic by boats of any significant size. The only maritime experience Egypt has in any era is on the river's midcourse between Cairo and Aswan, where larger boats can be used

The greatest misunderstanding about Egypt is the common belief that it is a large country. It does occupy more than 1 million square kilometers (386,000 square miles) — twice the size of France — but most of its territory is wasteland. In fact, slightly less than 35,000 of those 1 million square kilometers, a land area roughly the size of the U.S. state of Maryland or the European country of Belgium, are actually inhabited. This tiny portion of massive Egypt — from the Aswan High Dam to the Mediterranean shore — is the Egyptian core and home to 99 percent of Egypt's population of 83 million.Those 35,000 square kilometers, however, are not condensed into a convenient, easy-to-manage, Belgium-shaped chunk. Instead, they are stretched thin, clinging to the banks of the Nile River in a strip that is almost always less than 30 kilometers (18 miles) wide. Only at the northern delta (the Nile flows from south to north) does this zone of habitation finally widen and fan out into the Mediterranean. Cairo, the modern-day capital, sits at the point where the river transforms into the delta. Alexandria, Egypt's premier port and opening to the world since the third century B.C., sits near the western edge of the alluvial fan.

Geo Political significance of the Egypt

Country Code year

Economic growth

GDP per capita, current dollars

Inflation

Share of agriculture

Share of industry

Exports, in dollars

Imports, in dollars

Unemployment rate

Gasoline prices

Egypt EG 2011 1.82 2816.67 10.1 14.52 37.63 48.54 58.26 12

Egypt EG 2012 2.19 3068.19 7.1 14.47 39.22 45.81 67.93 12.7 0.45

Egypt EG 2013 2.11 3104.22 9.4 14.51 39.17 49.11 67.4 12.7

Egypt EG 2014 2.2 3198.7 10.1 14.48 39.95 43.52 68.92

India IN 2011 6.64 1471.66 8.9 18.37 33.11 445.64 564.45 3.5

India IN 2012 5.08 1449.66 9.3 18.04 31.93 447.41 570.05 3.6 1.25

India IN 2013 6.9 1455.1 10.9 17.95 30.73 468.48 523.56 3.6

India IN 2014 7.42 1581.51 6.4 16.96 30.05 475.03 522.67

India was one of the first countries to express its support to the democratic transition after January 25, 2011.India and Egypt were founding members of the Non-Aligned Movement, and the friendship between President Gamal Abdel Nasser and Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru underpinned the Treaty of Friendship signed in 1955.As for the political side, India and Egypt still represent the main driving force for the Non-Aligned Movement.Egypt and India are important countries in the Non-Aligned Movement, which submitted a proposal on reforming the structure of the United Nations with the Security Council in particular so as to be more expressive and representative of the international true state of affairs and provide further international democratization to the UN resolutions. Egypt and India are of specific regional weight in Asia and Africa that qualifies them to join the permanent membership of the Security Council.

On 5/8/2015: President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi received a message from Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi on India's keenness on boosting bilateral ties in all fields. The message was handed over by Indian Prime Minister's Special Envoy and Road Transport Highways and Shipping Minister Nitin Gadkariwho arrived Egypt to attend the New Suez Canal inauguration ceremony.

On 29/10/2015: President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi extended an invitation to Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi to visit Egypt with the aim of boosting cooperation between the two countries. During his meeting with the Indian prime minister, Sisi also discussed with him ways of boosting bilateral cooperation in trade and investment spheres along with ways of combating terrorism. The meeting was held following the opening session of third India-Africa Forum Summit in New Delhi.

On 7/7/2015: Indian Minister of State for Parliamentary Affairs Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi visited Egypt and met President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi. Naqvi invited Sisi to attend the third Indian-African Forum Summit. They also discussed means of boosting bilateral relations and countering terrorism. Sisi told Naqvi that Cairo is looking forward to enhancing ties with New Delhi in all fields

To increase the trade between India and Egypt we need to increase the volume of trade. India imports items like oil, gas citrus, rock phosphate and vegetables, while on the other hand we import commercial automobiles, chemicals, rice, tea and meat. Increase the trade of these items

The main Indian exports to Egypt have been: Meat, cotton yarn and fabrics, machinery and equipment's, transport equipment's, articles of base metals including iron and steel, plastic and articles thereof, jute products, human vaccines, bulk drugs and pharmaceuticals, chemicals and allied products including reactive dyes, rubber and rubber products and traditional items such as tea, tobacco, sesame seeds and lentils.With reduction of tariffs and deregulation of the business environment in Egypt, new trade opportunities have opened up for Indian exporters. Indian exports of Meat, Tea, Cotton Yarn and Fabrics, Paper and related products and the export of Sesame Seeds have seen a quantum increase in the last 4-5 years.

Egypt ready to import more from India under normal conditions of international trade, i.e., if there is demand and prices are competitive. The average import duty in Egypt is 6%, which is very low when compared to that of India.

Import more oil and natural gas from Egypt