e i go logic kente i sample questions

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English Logic Examination Sample Qestions

Te questions on this test are designed to examine logical profciency. Te ollowing conceptsare important.

Deductive arguments: Te conclusion o the argument was part o the meaning o the initialstatements, which are called the premisses. Te premisses are also sometimes called the

assumptions.For example:All exams are dicult; Tis is an exam. Tereore, this is dicult.

Inductive arguments: Te conclusion o the argument goes beyond the initial statements,normally by being more general. Te initial statements are the evidenceor the conclusion.

For example:Every exam I have taken was dicult. Tereore all exams are probably dicult.

Valid arguments: A deductive argument is valid i there are no mistakes in the deduction, even ithe premisses are wrong.

Explicit/Implicit: Something is explicit i the passage says it. Something is implicit i the passagedoes not actually say it, but assumes that the reader will work it out.

Te ollowing questions concern the arguments o the passages. Some ask about the content o

the passage, others about the relationship o the content o the passage to other ideas andarguments specifed in the question.

Text

All students o business are amiliar with the Adam Smith division o labour and how it drovethe industrial revolution in the western world and, in turn, led to the mass production methodspioneered by the car industry in the early 20th century. How did this change lead to a revolution?

First, each worker does a single task repeatedly, and this means that he gets a lot o practice withthat task. I someone practises a task a lot, he becomes very skilled at that task, and a skilledworker does the task quickly and accurately. A worker who perorms all o the steps involved in

making an item gets less practice on each o the individual steps, and thus is less skilled than aspecialist. Tereore, on a production line, each step is perormed beer than it is by an individualcrasman.

Second, on a production line, the actory can be kept working twenty our hours a day, on a shisystem, whereas an individual crasman needs to sleep.

Finally, a new worker can be trained to perorm a single task eectively much more quickly thanhe can be trained to create the whole item. Tis makes the actory more exible and able torespond quickly to changes in demand and market conditions.

Tereore, no workshop based on individual crasmen can ever compete with a actoryorganised as a production line.

Finding Arguments

Qestion 1

Does the passage make the ollowing claims?

a) A worker who does a single task repeatedly becomes very skilled at that task.

A: Yes, explicitly B: Yes, implicitly C: No

Qestion 2

What roles do the ollowing claims play in the passage?

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a) A new worker can be trained to perorm a single task eectively much more quickly than hecan be trained to create the whole item.

A: Premiss B: Evidence C: Conclusion D: No Role

Qestion 3

Which o the ollowing statements is the best statement o the second premiss o the argumentin the second paragraph?

A: An individual crasman is less skilled than a worker on a production line.

B: An individual crasman is less skilled at each individual step than a worker on a productionline.

C: An individual crasman gets less practice than a worker on a production line.

D: An individual crasman gets less practice at each individual step than a worker on aproduction line.

E: Te more practice a worker gets, the beer.

Qestion 4a) Does the second paragraph o the passage contain a complete argument, and i so, what kind?

A: Yes, Deductive B: Yes, Inductive C: No

Analysing Arguments

Te ollowing questions ask about the relationship between the content o the passage and ideasthat may not be included in it.

Qestion 6

Which o the ollowing statements could be added to the passage to most strengthen the overallargument? Assume that each statement is true.

A: Crasmen make old-ashioned objects.

B: oday, only crasmen who are subsidised by the state can make a living.

C: It costs much less to produce an item on a production line than in a crasmans workshop.

D: Te capital costs o a production line are much higher than those o a workshop.

E: None o the above.

Qestion 8

Which o the ollowing statements need to be added to the ourth paragraph to make it a validargument?

a) A exible workplace must be able to add new workers quickly.

b) It is not possible to hire new workers who are already trained.

c) A exible workplace must be able to fre workers as necessary.

d) A worker must have been trained beore he can start work.

e) Flexible actories can maximise profts.

A: a, c, d

B: b, d, e

C: a, b, d

D: a, b, c, d



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E: Already valid

Constructing Arguments

Qestion 10

Te ollowing sentences express an argument. Which order o the sentences makes the argumentclearest?

a) Goods produced in a actory are cheaper than those produced in a workshop.

b) Te materials to produce goods cost the same whatever the production method.

c) Tere are two main costs in production: materials and labour.

d) Less-skilled workers cost less than skilled workers.

e) A worker on a production line is, overall, less skilled than a crasman in a workshop.

A: a,c,d,b,e

B: c,b,d,e,a

C: d,e,c,b,a

D: b,c,e,d,a

E: d,e,a,b,c

Qestion 13

Which o the ollowing conjunctions can NOTbe inserted into the ollowing sentence?

Workers on a production line do the same job many times a day, ______ they become veryskilled at it.

A: because

B: so

C: thereore

D: thus

E: Any can be inserted

Qestion 15

Te ollowing sentences can orm an argument. Some o the sentences may be irrelevant, or theymay all be necessary. Select the smallest number that orms a deductively valid argument.

A: Items produced in workshops are more expensive than equivalent items produced in actories.

B: Crasmen produce more individual pieces, with character.

C: Consumers always buy the cheapest item.

D: Consumers have their own preerences, which may be more important than cost.

E: Workshops cannot compete with actories i they produce the same goods.

F: Consumers will not buy items produced in workshops.


e i go logic kente i sample questions

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