Chapter nine: E-Government, E-LearChapter nine: E-Government, E-Learning, and Other EC Applicationsning, and Other EC Applications

組員： 組員： D91423124 D91423124 彭珮茹彭珮茹 D92423124 D92423124 劉淑婷劉淑婷 D92423126 D92423126 施順元施順元 D92423137 D92423137 林佳潔林佳潔 D92423142 D92423142 李雨菱李雨菱 D92423146 D92423146 魏巧雯魏巧雯 D92423147 D92423147 蘇嘉卉蘇嘉卉 D92423152 D92423152 張露勻張露勻 D92423160 D92423160 呂莉汶呂莉汶

E-Learning at Cisco SystemsE-Learning at Cisco Systems

The ProblemThe Problem • Cisco’s products are continuously being Cisco’s products are continuously being

upgraded or replaced; so extensive training of upgraded or replaced; so extensive training of employees and customers is needed employees and customers is needed

• Employees, business partners, and Employees, business partners, and independent students seeking professional independent students seeking professional certification all require training on a certification all require training on a continuous basiscontinuous basis

E-Learning at Cisco SystemsE-Learning at Cisco Systems Traditional classroom training was both Traditional classroom training was both

expensive and ineffective because of:expensive and ineffective because of:• The rapid growth in the number of studentsThe rapid growth in the number of students• The fast pace of technological change The fast pace of technological change

E-Learning at Cisco SystemsE-Learning at Cisco Systems

The SolutionThe Solution• Built two e-learning portalsBuilt two e-learning portals

- For 40 partner companies that sell Cisco For 40 partner companies that sell Cisco productsproducts

- For 4,000 systems engineers who For 4,000 systems engineers who implement the products after the saleimplement the products after the sale

• To encourage its own employees to use To encourage its own employees to use

e-learninge-learning

E-Learning at Cisco SystemsE-Learning at Cisco Systems The ResultsThe Results

• Reduced costs of developing and blending Reduced costs of developing and blending coursescourses

• Saved productivity, travel and lodging costsSaved productivity, travel and lodging costs• Saved per capita trainee costsSaved per capita trainee costs• Are able to offer more courses at lower costsAre able to offer more courses at lower costs

E-GovernmentE-Government(( 電子化政府）電子化政府）

E-government:: The use of IT and e-commerce to provide access tThe use of IT and e-commerce to provide access t

o government information and delivery of public seo government information and delivery of public services to citizens and business partnersrvices to citizens and business partners

Government-to-citizens (G2CGovernment-to-citizens (G2C 政府對公民政府對公民 ):): E-government category that includes all the interaE-government category that includes all the interactions between a government and its citizensctions between a government and its citizens

Major features of government Web sites:Major features of government Web sites:• phone and address informationphone and address information• links to other sites links to other sites • publicationspublications• databases databases

Major areas of G2C activities:Major areas of G2C activities: • tourism and recreationtourism and recreation• research and educationresearch and education• downloadable formsdownloadable forms• discovery of government servicesdiscovery of government services• information about public policyinformation about public policy• advice about health and safety issuesadvice about health and safety issues

NetizenNetizen （網路公民）（網路公民） ::

A citizen surfing the InternetA citizen surfing the Internet Electronic Benefits Transfer (EBTElectronic Benefits Transfer (EBT ））　電子利益轉換　電子利益轉換

nationwide EBT system to deliver government benationwide EBT system to deliver government benefits electronicallynefits electronically• deliver benefits to recipients’ bank accoudeliver benefits to recipients’ bank accou

ntsnts• smart card system for those without bank smart card system for those without bank

accountsaccounts

Government-to-BusinessGovernment-to-Business( 政府對企業 )

Government E-ProcurementGovernment E-Procurement Group PurchasingGroup Purchasing Forward E-auctionsForward E-auctions Tax Collection and ManagementTax Collection and Management

Government-to-GovernmentGovernment-to-Government( 政府對政府 )

Intelink.Intelink. Procurement at GSAProcurement at GSA Federal Case RegistryFederal Case Registry Procurement Marketing and Access NetProcurement Marketing and Access Net

workwork

Government-to-EmployeesGovernment-to-Employees( 政府對員工 )

Implementing E-GovernmentImplementing E-Government

The Transformation ProcessThe Transformation Process

Stage 1: Information publishing/dissemination.Stage 1: Information publishing/dissemination. Stage 2: “Official” two-way transactions with Stage 2: “Official” two-way transactions with

one department at a time.one department at a time. Stage 3: Multipurpose portals.Stage 3: Multipurpose portals. Stage 4: Portal personalization.Stage 4: Portal personalization. Stage 5: Clustering of common services.Stage 5: Clustering of common services. Stage 6: Full integration and enterprise Stage 6: Full integration and enterprise

transformation.transformation.

IMPLEMENTATION ISSUESIMPLEMENTATION ISSUES

The following implementation issues depend on The following implementation issues depend on which of the six stages of development a which of the six stages of development a government is in and on its plan for moving to government is in and on its plan for moving to higher stages.higher stages.

Transformation speed. Transformation speed.

G2B implementation. G2B implementation.

Security and privacy issues. Security and privacy issues.

Wireless applications.Wireless applications.

CITIZEN ADOPTION OF CITIZEN ADOPTION OF E-GOVERNMENTE-GOVERNMENT

One of the most important issues in implementing One of the most important issues in implementing e-government is its adoption and usage by e-government is its adoption and usage by citizens.citizens.

NON-INTERNET NON-INTERNET E-GOVERNMENTE-GOVERNMENT

Today, e-government is associated with the Today, e-government is associated with the Internet. However, governments have been using Internet. However, governments have been using other networks, especially internal ones, to other networks, especially internal ones, to improve government operations for over 15 years.improve government operations for over 15 years.

9.3 ONLINE PUBLISHING, E-9.3 ONLINE PUBLISHING, E-BOOKS, AND BLOGGINGBOOKS, AND BLOGGING

Another major area of EC applications is online Another major area of EC applications is online publishing and associated activities. Moving publishing and associated activities. Moving paper information to electronic form has created paper information to electronic form has created a revolution that impacts both dissemination of a revolution that impacts both dissemination of information and learning. Online publishing is the information and learning. Online publishing is the electronic delivery of newspapers, magazines, electronic delivery of newspapers, magazines, books, news, music, videos, and other digitzable books, news, music, videos, and other digitzable information over the Internet . information over the Internet .

ONLINE PUBLISHING ONLINE PUBLISHING APPROACHES AND METHODSAPPROACHES AND METHODS

Online-archive approach. Online-archive approach.

New-medium approach. New-medium approach.

Publishing-intermediation approach. Publishing-intermediation approach.

Dynamic approach. Dynamic approach.

電子書電子書 電子圖書：一本書以數位形式在電腦或一個特別的電子圖書：一本書以數位形式在電腦或一個特別的

裝置上被看裝置上被看。。 電子圖書能被遞送而且被看是經由： 電子圖書能被遞送而且被看是經由：

•網路下載 網路下載 •網路取得 網路取得 •熱衷的讀者 熱衷的讀者 •泛用型的讀者 泛用型的讀者 •網路伺服器 網路伺服器

電子圖書的類型電子圖書的類型 網路伺服器 網路伺服器 線上書架 線上書架 下載 下載 紅字－超連結訂購 紅字－超連結訂購 互動者，建立自己的互動者，建立自己的 (BYO:(BYO: build-your-own build-your-own)) 決定決定

訂購的書籍訂購的書籍

電子圖書的利益電子圖書的利益 可攜帶 可攜帶 降低生產和分配費用降低生產和分配費用 降低更新和再版費用 降低更新和再版費用 有能力聯絡許多讀者有能力聯絡許多讀者 使結合一些書很容易 使結合一些書很容易 廣告花費比較低廣告花費比較低

電子圖書的限制電子圖書的限制 對一些讀者對一些讀者 ,, 電子圖書需要的硬體和軟體可能太貴電子圖書需要的硬體和軟體可能太貴。。 有些人要在螢幕上讀大量的資料有困難有些人要在螢幕上讀大量的資料有困難。。 電池可能很耗電電池可能很耗電。。 競爭標準是多樣的競爭標準是多樣的。。 只有一些書是可以當做電子圖書的只有一些書是可以當做電子圖書的。。

電子圖書發行電子圖書發行 該如何保護出版者的／作家的版權 該如何保護出版者的／作家的版權 該如何分配並且販賣電子圖書 該如何分配並且販賣電子圖書 一個電子圖書該要價多少且接收付款一個電子圖書該要價多少且接收付款 如何對支持最好的一個電子圖書的航行如何對支持最好的一個電子圖書的航行 該使用哪一個標準 該使用哪一個標準 該如何增加閱讀速度 該如何增加閱讀速度 該如何處理的協定的改變 該如何處理的協定的改變 該如何設計一個電子圖書 該如何設計一個電子圖書 出版者如何証明電子圖書利潤和市場佔有率出版者如何証明電子圖書利潤和市場佔有率 該如何安全的取得內容 該如何安全的取得內容

WebloggingWeblogging

The Internet offers an opportunity for individuals to The Internet offers an opportunity for individuals to publish on the Web using a technology known an publish on the Web using a technology known an Weblogging, or blogging. Weblogging, or blogging.

The basics of e-learningThe basics of e-learning

E-learning is the online delivery of information for E-learning is the online delivery of information for purposes of education, training, or knowledge purposes of education, training, or knowledge management.management.

Benefits of E-LearningBenefits of E-Learning

Time reductionTime reduction Large volume and diversity. Large volume and diversity. Cost reduction Cost reduction Higher content retention Higher content retention Flexibility Flexibility Updated and consistent material Updated and consistent material Fear-free environment Fear-free environment

Drawbacks and challenges of E-Drawbacks and challenges of E-LearningLearning

Need for instructor retraining Need for instructor retraining Equipment needs and support services Equipment needs and support services Lack of face-to-face interaction and campus life Lack of face-to-face interaction and campus life Assessment Assessment Maintenance and updating Maintenance and updating Protection of intellectual property Protection of intellectual property Computer literacy Computer literacy Student retention Student retention

E-learning failures due to the follE-learning failures due to the following issuesowing issues:( 電子學習不足由於下列的議題 )

Believing that e-learning is always a cheaper learning or Believing that e-learning is always a cheaper learning or training alternative.training alternative.

Overestimating what e-learning can accomplish.Overestimating what e-learning can accomplish. Overlooking the shortcomings of self-study.Overlooking the shortcomings of self-study. Failing to look beyond the course paradigms.Failing to look beyond the course paradigms. Viewing content as a commodity, which causes lack of Viewing content as a commodity, which causes lack of

attention to quality and delivery to individuals.attention to quality and delivery to individuals. Believing that because e-learning has been Believing that because e-learning has been

implemented, employees and students will use it.implemented, employees and students will use it. Assuming that learned knowledge will be applied.Assuming that learned knowledge will be applied. Ignoring technology tools for e-learning or, on the other Ignoring technology tools for e-learning or, on the other

hand, fixating too much on Technology as a solution.hand, fixating too much on Technology as a solution.

Virtual and online universitiesVirtual and online universities( 虛擬的和線上大學 )

Distance learning: Formal education that takes Distance learning: Formal education that takes place off campus, usually, but not always, place off campus, usually, but not always, through online resources.through online resources.

Virtual university: An online university from Virtual university: An online university from which students take classes from home or other which students take classes from home or other off-site locations usually via the Internet.off-site locations usually via the Internet.

Online corporate trainingOnline corporate training( 線上企業的訓練 )

Corporate training is often done via the intranet Corporate training is often done via the intranet and corporate portals or the Internet. and corporate portals or the Internet.

Drivers of e-learningDrivers of e-learning( 電子學問的駕駛員 )

Technological change(Technological change( 科技的改變科技的改變 ) ) Competition and cost pressures(Competition and cost pressures( 競爭和費用壓力競爭和費用壓力 ) ) Globalization(Globalization( 全球化全球化 )) Continual learning(Continual learning( 持續不斷的學問持續不斷的學問 )) Network connectivity(Network connectivity( 網路連接性網路連接性 ))

Knowledge management and E-coKnowledge management and E-commercemmerce ( 知識管理與電子商務 )

Knowledge management (KM) (Knowledge management (KM) ( 知識管理知識管理 )) Organizational knowledge base (Organizational knowledge base ( 組識的知識庫組識的知識庫 ))

KM types and activitiesKM types and activities Human capital (Human capital ( 人的資本人的資本 )) Structured capital (Structured capital ( 組織的資本組織的資本 )) Customer capital(Customer capital( 顧客的資本顧客的資本 ))

KM has four tasks :KM has four tasks : Creating knowledge repositories where Creating knowledge repositories where knowledge can be stored and retrieved easily knowledge can be stored and retrieved easily Enhancing a knowledge environment in order to Enhancing a knowledge environment in order to conduct more effective knowledge creation , conduct more effective knowledge creation , transfer , and use transfer , and use Managing knowledge as an asset so as to Managing knowledge as an asset so as to increase the effective use of knowledge assets increase the effective use of knowledge assets over timeover time Improving knowledge access to facilitate its Improving knowledge access to facilitate its transfer between individuals transfer between individuals

Knowledge sharingKnowledge sharing ( 知識分享 )

The ability to share knowledge decreases its The ability to share knowledge decreases its cost and increases its effectiveness for greater cost and increases its effectiveness for greater competitive advantagecompetitive advantage

Knowledge portalsKnowledge portals ( 知識入口 )

A single point of access software system intended A single point of access software system intended to provide timely assess to information and to to provide timely assess to information and to support communities of knowledge workers support communities of knowledge workers

Online advice and consulting ( 線上忠告與諮詢 )

Medical advice(Medical advice( 醫學的忠告醫學的忠告 ) ) Management consulting(Management consulting( 管理商議管理商議 )) Legal advice (Legal advice ( 合法的忠告合法的忠告 )) Gurus (Gurus ( 領袖領袖 )) Financial advice (Financial advice ( 財務的見意財務的見意 ))

Other advisory services(Other advisory services( 其他的忠告服務其他的忠告服務 ))

Customer-to-Customer Customer-to-Customer E-CommerceE-Commerce

C2C AUCTIONS(C2CC2C AUCTIONS(C2C 的拍賣的拍賣 )) CLASSIFIED ADS(CLASSIFIED ADS( 分類廣告分類廣告 )) PERSONAL SERVICES(PERSONAL SERVICES( 個人服務個人服務 )) C2C EXCHANGES(C2CC2C EXCHANGES(C2C 交換交換 )) SUPPORT SERVICES FOR C2C(C2CSUPPORT SERVICES FOR C2C(C2C 的支援服的支援服務務 ))

Peer-To-Peer Networks And Peer-To-Peer Networks And ApplicationsApplications

Characteristics of P2P SystemsCharacteristics of P2P Systems

(P2P(P2P 系統的特性系統的特性 )) Models of P2P ApplicationsModels of P2P Applications

(P2P(P2P 應用的模型應用的模型 ))• Collaboration(Collaboration( 合作合作 ))• Content distribution(Content distribution( 內容分配內容分配 ))• Business process automation(Business process automation( 商業處理自動化商業處理自動化 ))• Distributed search(Distributed search( 分類搜尋分類搜尋 ))

C2C P2P ApplicationsC2C P2P Applications

Napster-The File-Sharing Utility

(Napster- 文件分享的效用 ) Other File-Sharing Programs

( 其他文件分享的程式 ) Other Commercial P2P Applications in C2C( 在 C2

C 方面其他商業 P2P 的應用 )

Intrabusiness P2P ApplicationsIntrabusiness P2P Applications(INTRABUSINESS 點對點應用 )

Several companies are using P2P to facilitateSeveral companies are using P2P to facilitate 　　 iinternal collaboration.nternal collaboration.

B2B P2P ApplicationsB2B P2P Applications( 企業對企業點對點應用 )

P2P could be a technology panacea for systems P2P could be a technology panacea for systems innovators building B2B exchanges. innovators building B2B exchanges.

P2P applications enable such companies to storP2P applications enable such companies to store documents in-house instead of on an unknown,e documents in-house instead of on an unknown, and possibly unsecured, server. and possibly unsecured, server.

B2C P2P ApplicationsB2C P2P Applications( 企業對個人點對點應用 )

P2P has potential applications to marketing, and P2P has potential applications to marketing, and B2C payments. B2C payments.

Other EC ApplicationsOther EC Applications( 其他 EC 應用 )

SELLING PRESCRIPTION DRUGS ONLINE

( 在線出售處方藥 ) POSTAL SERVICES( 郵政服務 ) SERVICES FOR ADULS ( 為成人的服務 ) E-ALLIANCES( 電子聯盟 )