e urope : m odern h istory world war i, world war ii, and the cold war
TRANSCRIPT
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EUROPE: MODERN HISTORYWorld War I, World War II, and the Cold War
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WHAT IS WORLD WAR I?
1914-1918 2nd largest conflict in
human history 70 million
participants 9 million killed
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CAUSES OF WWI: MAIN
MilitarismAlliancesImperialismNationalism
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CAUSES OF WWI: MILITARISM
World powers built large militaries.Germany and France double the size
of their militaries between 1870 and 1914
Germany and Britain build battleships.
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CAUSES OF WWI: ALLIANCES
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CAUSES OF WWI: IMPERIALISM
European Colonization by 1914 (WWI)
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Nationalism: strong support of the interests of one’s own country even at the expense of others.Reunification of Italy and GermanyFrance had lost territory in Franco-Prussian
WarDifferent nationalist groups in Austria-
Hungary and Serbia
CAUSES OF WWI: NATIONALISM
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CHARACTERISTICS OF WWI
Trench warfare Stalemate New technology, old
doctrine
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RESULTS OF ALLIED VICTORY
Economic depression, especially Germany (war reparations)
Fear of more war in much of Europe
New boundaries-9 new nations; break up of old empires
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What differences can you see in the countries of Europe before and after 1914?
What differences can you see comparing the map of Europe in 1914 to the map today?
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WWII1939-1945
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WWII (1939-45)
100 million military participants 40-70 million fatalities Holocaust Total war
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Allies before pearl harbor in dark green; light green after
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WHY DO THE ALLIES WIN THE WAR?
Axis powers are not unified Hitler, Mussolini, Tojo never meet to discuss
strategy German mistakes
Hitler invades Russia (two front war) Declares war on the US after Pearl Harbor,
bringing the US into the war Allied war production
US Russia
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SOME RESULTS
New technology Microwaves Nuclear technology Weapons
New powers: US and Soviet Union (USSR) Old powers diminished: British, French,
Germany Creation of United Nations
International organization to promote peace Initially 50 member countries with big 5 having
veto power (US, USSR, China, France, Britain)
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COLD WAR 1945-1991
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COLD WAR
Definition: Struggle between US and Soviets for power and influence
Characteristics: Political conflict Economic conflict Military tension
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SOME RESULTS OF WWII
The US and Russia emerge as the two world super powers.
Conflicting postwar goals
United States USSR
Bring democracy and economic opportunity
Protection (lost 20 million in war)
New markets for trade Establish satellite nations
Spread Communism
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NATO V. WARSAW
Disagreements over postwar Europe Soviets gain control over much former Nazi
territory and want to keep control
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NATO V. WARSAW PACT
NATO (North Atlantic Trade Organization) UN ineffective-
Soviet and Chinese veto power
Collective security “An attack on one is
an attack on all”
Warsaw Pact Formed as a reaction
to NATO Collective security of
Soviet satellite nations
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COLD WAR EVENTS
Division of Germany (Berlin Wall)
Korean War (50-53) Arms race (including
Sputnik and space race)
Vietnam War (55-75) Cuban Missile Crisis
(62)