e waste-presentation

GLOBAL TRENDS & TECHNOLOGIES IN

ELECTRONIC WASTE MANAGEMENT

Presentation by:•Rose Okwiya, Materials & Content

•Tom Munyasya, Learning Management System (LMS)

Genco University (GU)

•Caroline Kiragu, Knowledge and Information Management

•Kioko Mang’eli, Systems and Knowledge

GU E-Waste Presentation: June 10th, 2010

Ole Sereni Hotel, Nairobi Kenya.

Overview

• What is Electronic Waste (e-Waste)?

• Why is it a problem? (Trends & Insights)

• What are the toxic components?

• Why e-Waste prioritization today?

• Why do we need national legislation and what will it do?

•How do we measure success?

•Why is this important?GU E-Waste Presentation: Ole Sereni Hotel - June 10th, 2010

Statement J I N G L E I Y U , † E R I C W I L L I A M S , * , ‡, M E I T I N G J U , † A N D Y A N Y A NG

Electronic waste (e-waste) has emerged as a new policy priority around the world.

Motivations to address e-waste include rapidly growing waste streams, concern over the environmental fate of heavy metals and other substances in e-waste, andimpacts of informal disposal in developing countries.

Policy responses to global e-waste focus on banning international trade in end-of-life Policy responses to global e-waste focus on banning international trade in end-of-life electronics, the premise being that e-waste is mainly generated in the developed world and then exported to the developing world.

Sales of electronics have, however, been growing rapidly in developing nations, raising the question of whether problem in developing countries driven by international trade or domestic generation.

Results show that the volume of obsolete PCs generated in developing regions will exceed that of developed regions by 2016-2018. By 2030, the obsolete PCs from developing regions will reach 400-700 million units, far More than from developed regions at 200-300 million units. Future policies to mitigate the impacts of informal recycling should address the domestic situation in developing countries.

GU E-Waste Presentation: Ole Sereni Hotel - June 10th, 2010

What is e-Waste?GU definition of e-waste:

� Most of us see e-waste as “any electrically powered

appliance that fails to satisfy the current owner for

its originally intended purpose”. its originally intended purpose”.

� At GU, we have enriched this definition to include

all electric and electronic gadgets that are still in

use but are contributing to the e-waste stream

through emissions of carbon dioxide and energy

waste.


E- Waste� The rapid obsolescence of gadgets combined

with high demand for new technology has

created mountains of E-Waste. E- waste is the

fastest growing waste stream in the society fastest growing waste stream in the society

today.

� Fastest growing toxic waste- laptops, mobile

phones and other electronics.

� It has always been perceived as being “clean”

but now it has been known that it is not as

environmentally friendly as thought.GU E-Waste Presentation: Ole Sereni Hotel - June 10th, 2010

Global Trends� Green IT can be defined as the holistic approach

to environmentally friendly sustainable governance

and management of the organization its process

and projects.

� Environmentally friendly IT Asset Disposal (ITAD)

is now a top priority for millions of businesses and

consumers worldwide.

� Green IT is becoming more and more a corporate

social responsibility for most businesses.


Existing & Emerging Technologies

�Responsible E recycling

�Use of certified IT Asset

Disposal (ITAD)Disposal (ITAD)

�Need to design Electronics whose

different components and materials

are easy to separate for disposal

and /or reuse.GU E-Waste Presentation: Ole Sereni Hotel - June 10th, 2010

CHALLENGES� Poor design and complexity of electronics

E waste is full of all kinds of materials e.g. metals,

plastics, and chemicals that are mixed bolted, screwed,

glued or soldered together. Toxic materials are attached

to non toxic materials which are very difficult to

separate.separate.

� Responsible recycling requires intensive labor and / or

sophisticated and costly technologies that safely

separate these materials

� Awareness and information on dangers of E-Waste,

Carbon dioxide (Co2) emissions has been very limited.


Impacts� Global ICT usage accounts for up to 2% of

global Co2 emission which is equivalent to

aviation emissions which is no longer

sustainable. sustainable.

� Chemicals waste from the disposal of

equipment pollutes the soil with Cadmium and

Mercury

� Gadgets result in high consumption of energy

resulting in high energy budgets because all

electronics use different types of energy.GU E-Waste Presentation: Ole Sereni Hotel - June 10th, 2010

Impacts contd..� During standby and idle time the energy

consumed may be classified as e-waste.

� During the said time, the electric and

electronic gadgetry also emit carbon dioxide electronic gadgetry also emit carbon dioxide

which contributes to e-waste stream.

� The idle time also eats into the lifetime of

the gadgets resulting in a high turnover for

e-waste.


Standards Standards can act as a tool for intervention for stakeholders

and business:

� For example, in India the Government has set guidelines on end

producer responsibility on best practices for recycling

The gadget makers line up for a green make over:The gadget makers line up for a green make over:

� Handset makers, Nokia, Samsung and Motorola have started take

back programs at various centers across cities.

� Take back Bins for Nokia

� Motorola = Ecomoto Program.

� HP- Computers = Planet partners Recycling program offers customers

assistance in disposal of used computers in an environmental

responsible manner, including a trade in program.


Regulatory Regimes and Policy

Framework on E-Waste

� Eco-labeling mechanisms as part of the regulatory and

governance structure, such as AEM.

� Certification of responsible recycling bodies – e.g. E- Stewards

which has been developed by a group of concerned recyclers

under Basel Action Network (BAN) an environmental under Basel Action Network (BAN) an environmental

organization with the singular mission of eliminating the

toxic trade in E -Waste with developing countries.

� Countries coming up with environment laws and regulations

with specific articles on E-Waste management.

� Signing of International and regional protocols on

environmental E-Waste management e.g. The Europeans

Unions Waste Electrics and Electronics Equipment Directive

(WEEE) of 2003.GU E-Waste Presentation: Ole Sereni Hotel - June 10th, 2010

Specific to KENYA and her environment

1. Dry cells ( 3 No. local factories Eveready plus Chinese(2)); they support archaic lighting economy and depreciate within hours thus depositing greatest amount of toxic waste in the whole country (American Investment and One big mouth Mr. SS)

2. CRT TVs ( mainly those imported from the UK)3. Plastic dry cell torches (Eveready & Somali Traders) in addition 4. Obsolete 486, 386, 286 Intel and 88000 MOT PCs, Toshiba, IBM Dell,


4. Obsolete 486, 386, 286 Intel and 88000 MOT PCs, Toshiba, IBM Dell, People i586 (Rash for Gold by illiterate traders).4.1996-2006 laptops, Philips and “Phillibs” CRT Monitors(tech Lapses)5. Second Hand Fridges and Cookers from UK(personal Belongings)6. Second Hand Vehicles KS1515:2000 applied to old Vehicles and the problem of KEBS lack of muscle(MD bans Second hand spare parts and PM unbans)7. Second Hand Phones (Current and former ministers and PSs and MDs of TKL importing cheap and short life phones from Egypt (Part of Cemetryproject).8. Old technology yet new manufacturers(Asian Transfer of Technology)

What does this imply in e-waste ecological footprint?

We all need light in our living and working environment but most probably not second hand cars recycled with more e-waste

We all need energy to listen to radios, watch our West African movies and use our lighting gadgets but most probably we will need better specs and good laws and bold women and men to get Eveready and the Chinese out of our environment


We have a ICT Government policy but poor schools in Ukambani, Murang’a, Keroka and Kericho and others don’t need these sorts of obsoleteness absolutely to start appreciating digital knowledge

There are donors and suppliers who are connected to BIG Government of the Grand Coalition and old Gadgetry makes money because its all e-waste and landfill material (letters from Bishops, lay priests..ad infinitum)

Knowledge of product and utility of product is not a big consideration at all, each of it is a tool and an advantage in the market for those making money and toxin for our water systems, our soils, our air and our bodies now and generations to come

EMBAKASI - Kenya, June 2010


Electronic Waste Nairobi, Kenya June 2010

Packing & Putting together to donate to

Kenya’s Poor; Delaware, USAM

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Package ended up in a warehouse situated

between Lavington & Valley Arcade

Why is e-Waste a Problem?

Rapid Rapid Technology Technology

ChangesChanges

IncreasedIncreasedConsumerConsumerElectronicElectronic

More More ee--WasteWaste

MoreMoreHazardousHazardous

IncreasingIncreasingHumanHumanHealthHealthRisksRisks

Perception Low, cheap sourcing, Cheap Buy, Higher Expenditure for Health Now & Tomorrow


Slow adaption Slow adaption ToTo

ChangeChange

PurchasesPurchasesCheap salesCheap sales

A Kenyan WayA Kenyan Way

More ToxinsMore ToxinsIn KenyaIn Kenya

MaterialsMaterialsEverywhereEverywhere

RisksRisksMore “Riches”More “Riches”

What Are The Toxic Components?

GU E-Waste Presentation: Ole Sereni Hotel - June 10th, 2010Add Nickel Cadmium batteries in all laptops and Han d Watches

American and developed Countries Solution

eWaste destined to Landfills E-Waste constitutes 40% of lead and 70% of heavy me tals in landfills

Daily Cover

Refuse Cell


Refuse Cell

Leachate Collection

Plastic Liner

Clay Barrier

E-Waste in a landfill in Garissa and Eastern Uganda is very different, We bury Containers as they are from Ital y

What we get & What we Bury

Chinese e-Waste Italian Re-processed


It’s a business, who cares about the future

of e-waste?

Why are Kenyans not in the Know loop of

e-Waste, e-waste burials and landfills ?

� Ecosystem services are seen as barriers to business

� Knowledge spread in eco control mechanisms has not been sufficiently

available

� The provisioning of services around eco-systems has not been a trend

in the country


in the country

� The regulatory services in the area has not been appreciated as

contributing to climate, water, human systems

� Cultural orientation of our society has not been geared towards spiritual

enrichment, reflection, recreation, and other aesthetic values.

� Support services around the ecosystems such as biomass production,

soil enrichment systems, nutrient recycling and habitat re-provisioning

has is an area the country can venture into.

Proposed eWaste Solution

� Create incentives to recycle

� Large quantity generators ≥ XX amount/year in tax credits

� Individual tax payers receive one YY amount credit/year for

recycling one or more units of eWaste

Re-evaluate program in a few years


� Re-evaluate program in a few years

� Make it illegal to throw away eWaste if adequate recycling

infrastructure is available to public

� Potential issues

� Nothing in legislation mandates recycling

center creation

� Re-use incentives noticeably absent

Electronic Waste Recycling

How Do We Measure Success?

In Proposed Legislation

� No performance goals set, but re-evaluation in a few

years


� If successful, reduction of eWaste tonnage into waste

stream and increased recycling is expected

� May encourage manufacturer & supplier

responsibility

http://www.pc-recycling.com/Electronic Waste Recycling

Do We Need National Legislation?

Yes in a pragmatic approach encompassing:

1. Cultural approach including education and

awareness

2. Industrial approach targeting importers and


manufacturers in the country and supplier

countries.

3. Market communication

4. Realistic standardization and enforcement

Why is this Important?� eWaste problem growing…needs immediate

action

� New legislation will create recycling industry

uniformity & create a culture of responsibility


uniformity & create a culture of responsibility

� Recycling will become more accessible to

individuals

� First step to more comprehensive legislation

Electronic Waste Recycling

Sustainable enforcement� The world is moving towards sustainable production

and use of resources based on the following:� Vision: World changing solutions for home country, continent and the

earth. “Where there is no vision people perish” religious quote. The vision

should encompass a turning point (reflection curve) in human

civilization, one that requires moral leadership and generational


civilization, one that requires moral leadership and generational

responsibility that will make the future possible.

� We need courage to think in fresh ways and act to

meet this planetary crisis head-on.

� We need a world changing crew (Kenya).

� We cannot use today's standards to absolutely solve

e-waste and other ecological problems.

Sustainable enforcement contd’

� Planetary thinking and sustainability; because we

live in a planet that looks large, we forget that we

are 6 billion and the current way of life is not

sustainable.

A Chinese can have an Italian( other mafia) partner


� A Chinese can have an Italian( other mafia) partner

and can process Chinese waste in Italian cities and

repackage and pay a Kenyan strongman to land fill

in north eastern or transit cargo to Uganda real dirty

e-waste; it looks far away from china and Italy yet

bananas growing in Uganda are transported to Italy.

Technologies & Knowledge

Does it really matter?

� There is no shortage of debate over the advantages of recycling. Plenty of staunch

environmentalists argue that the energy required to recycle bottles and newspapers

negates the benefit of creating reusable material. But abundant evidence

demonstrates otherwise.

� Stats:

� 95% conserved through Aluminium recycling


� 95% conserved through Aluminium recycling

� 60% conserved through newspaper recycling

� 70% conserved through plastics recycling

� 40% conserved through glass recycling

� The energy conserved through recycling far outweighs the energy and emissions released

by-products of incineration and the pollution caused by land filling.

� Recycling is an intermediary step. If we truly want to save energy and stem the stream of

waste to send to landfills we will have to implement new industrial production systems

that generate less waste and fewer disposal components to begin with.

� Recycling meanwhile, is certainly a worthy practice, and by simply tossing the right

matter in the right bin.

Technologies & Knowledge cont..

�Education for sustainable

consumption & development

�Eco-designs: End of life concepts�Eco-designs: End of life concepts

�Eco-taxation & Eco-economic

instruments

�Ethical & fair trade practices


GU Mitigation� At GU, we are committed to provide knowledge and

awareness not only through our Bachelor of Science in

Environmental Science and Technology undergraduate

program but also through professional development

certification short courses and post graduate training.


certification short courses and post graduate training.

� GU is 100% open online learning tertiary institution

that is conscious of the dynamism of society and aspires

to promote positive social values.

� Kindly visit our website: www.gencouniversity.net for

more information.

Thank you very much for your kind

attention.


The end!

e waste-presentation

Technology

gu ewaste presentation

dangers of ewaste

mountains of ewaste

ewaste prioritization

gu definition of ewaste

global ewaste focus

ng electronic waste

sereni hotel