Name: Date: ____________ Section: _______________

History – Unit 4, Lesson 16Effort Rubric Effort Score: Accuracy Score:

To score your Effort Grade today: o 100% of questions are completeo Writes in complete sentences o NO DRAWING ON THE PAPERo Annotate EVERY TEXT for 5Ws

DO NOW: Read the passage below and answer the questions in complete sentences.

The Beginnings of the [Inca] EmpireFrom History Alive! The Medieval World and Beyond

At the height of their power in the early 1500s CE, the Incase ruled over a vast, well-organized empire. From north to south, the Inca Empire stretched almost the length of the Andes mountain range, a distance of 2500 miles. It reached from the Pacific Coast in the west to the Amazon River Basin in the east.

The center of the Inca Empire was the capital city of Cuzco, which was located in a valley high in the mountains of southern Peru. The Incas first settled in this area around 1200 CE. Apart from this face, their early history is cloaked [hidden] in myth.

According to one Inca legend, the people were descended from Inti, the sun god. Inti commanded his son, Manco Capac, to rise out of the waters of Lake Titicaca. Manco Capac then founded the Inca tribe.

In another legend, Inti appeared before a later Inca ruler. He said the Incas must become a great power and educate the people they met. But for more than 200 years, the Incas increased their territory by only about a dozen miles around Cuzco.

The Incas began expanding their empire in 1438, when they were attacked by neighboring Chancas. The Incan emperor and many citizens fled Cuzco. But one of his sons, Yupanqui, stayed behind and led his army against the Chancas. Inca legend says that the stones on the battlefield turned into powerful warriors. Yupanqui’s victory made his people the strongest group in the area.

After driving off the Chancas, Yupanqui took the name Pachacuti, which means “earthsaker.” He also seized the throne. Pachacuti and his son Topa Inca then launched a series of conquests against nearby tribes. With each victory, the Inca army became larger and more skilled.

Soon the Incas subdued almost every major group in the central Andes. In 1470, they conquered the Chimu. By the 1500s, their empire covered about 350,000 square miles.

1. How did the Incas come to power? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Betcha’ can’t do HISTORY like me.

Contextualizing on that BEAT.Framing Information:

- The Inca civilization existed from the 13th-16th century, before conquest by the Spanish in the early 1500s- The Inca territory covered modern-day Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Chile- Machu Picchu (below) is believed to have been a royal estate or sacred religious site for Inca leaders. It is a part

of the New 7 Wonders of the World.

SOURCE: From “A History of the Incas” by Spanish historian Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa. Written in Cuzco, the capital of the Inca Empire, just forty years after the arrival of the first Spaniards in the city. It was written on the orders of Viceroy Francisco de Toledo, who at

the time was a leader of the Spanish colony in the former Inca Empire.

How the Incas Began To Tyrannize [command] the Lands of the Tribes

Because in ancient times all this land was tribal, it is necessary to explain how the Incas began their tyranny [cruel

government]. Although all lived in simple freedom, without recognizing a lord, there were always some men among

them who would inflict violence on their fellow men and on other foreign peoples to rule over them and to bring them

to obedience to make them tributaries [people who give praise]. Thus groups from some regions would leave and go to

others to engage in wars and thefts and murders and to take the lands of others.

In a place that they call Pacariqtambo, there were four men and four sisters of fierce spirits and wicked intentions,

although of lofty [grand] ideas. As they were of greater ability than the others and they understood the fear of the

natives, they agreed among themselves that they could become lords of many lands by force and deception [lying]. The

eight siblings joined together and discussed how they could tyrannize [bully or oppress] the other people beyond the

place where they were. They proposed to carry this out with violence. Understanding that most of these natives are

ignorant [not educated], and easily believe what is told to them, the siblings invented certain fables [stories] about their

birth so that they would be respected and feared. They said they were children of Viracocha Pachayachachi, their

Creator, and that they had emerged from some windows to rule the rest. As they were fierce, they made themselves be

believed, feared, and taken to be more than men, and even worshiped as gods. Thus they introduced the religion they

wanted…They said that Viracocha had created them to be lords [rulers descended from gods]. Thus, for this reason, they

took the name ‘‘Inca,’’ which is the same as saying ‘‘lord” and ruled over the tribes they conquered.

Central Idea:

Answer the questions below using complete sentences. Use the CFS underneath each question to check your work!SOURCING STATEMENT: Begin with a “Since.”____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Sourcing Analysis CFS:1. Begins with “since”2. Identifies an important fact from HIPP (before the comma)

Loop 1: What are the origins of the Inca?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Loop 2: What is the tone of Sarmiento’s narrative? How does this help us understand the source better?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Sourcing Analysis CFS:1. Begins with “since”2. Identifies an important fact from HIPP (before the comma)

CFS: (Use for a 2 questions listed above) Restates key words from question Uses details from the source to prove answer (paraphrased details) 1-2 complete sentences