1

Boilers In its simplest definition, a boiler is a vessel in which water is heated by combustion of fuel to from steam, hot water, or high temperature water ( HTW) under pressure.1. 1.1 ..2535 : 3 1 (.. 2512, 2 .. 2518 3 .. 2522) 1.2 18 (.. 2528) .. 2512 20 2528 7 : * ** 20 ( 20 (.) )1.3 ..2528 8 : * * 1.4 21 ..2534 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 : ISO, ASME, JIS, DIN, BS 2. 2.1 (Steam) 212 100 1 (/)( : F)( : c)010204060801001201401601802002503002122402592873073243383503593683793884064221001151261411521621701761811861921972072162.2 (Superheat steam) 2.4 (Pressure) (Pressure gauge) 2.3 (Saturated Steam) (Psi or lb/in2) (Ksc or Kg/cm2) (Pa) SI (N/m2) ISO (Bar) (atm)1 = 14.696 / = 101.32 1 / = 14.223 / 1 = 14.504 / 1 / = 6,894.76 / 2.5 (Boiler rating) 2 2.5.1 / (T/h) 1 (1,000 ) 100C 100C 1 2.5.2 (Boiler Horse Power) ASME CODE 34.5 212F 212F 1 .1 T/h= 2,256,700KJ1 = 33,475.35BTU1 T/h= 65boiler horse power1 = 13horse power (power) = 10ft2 (heating surface)2.5.3 3. 3.1 3 ( 1)

3.1.1 (Furnace) 3.1.2 (Water Space) 2 24 3.2 3.1.3 (Steam Space) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 2 (Fire tube boiler) (Water tube boiler)

3.2.1 3.2.2

3.3 3.3.8 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 3.3.4 3.3.5 3.3.6 3.3.7 4. 4.1.2 (End plates)4.1.3 (Flue tube) 4.1.4 (Fire tube) 4.1.5 (Stay) 4.1.6 (Man hole) 4.1.7 (Combustion Chamber or Furnace) 4.1.8 (Stack) 4.1.1 4.2 4.2.1 (Water level gauge) 1) 25 / 2) () (Transmitter) Cast iron and steel tube economizer should be equipped with at least one safety valve ( two are preferable)4.2.2 ( Pressure gauge) 4 1-1.5 ( 10% ) (Siphon tube) 2 4.2.3 (Valve) (1) (Glove valve) - (Main steam valve) (3) (Pressure reducing valve) (4) (Ball valve) - (2) (Check valve) (Swing check valve) (Piston check valve) 4.2.4 (Feed water pump) 1.5 (4) (Ball valve) - 1) (Centrifugal pump)2) (Turbine pump)3) (Rotary pump)4) (Reciprocating pump)5) (Injector pump)4.2.5 (Feed water consumption indicator) 4.2.6 ( ) 3 1)2)3) 4.3.1 (Safety Valve) 4 1) 2) 200 3) 200 70% 1

4) 4.3.2 (Fusible plug) 235 C . (Inside Type). (Outside Type). (Fuse Alarm) (Water level control) 1) (Float type) 3) (Thermostatic expansion) 2) (Electrode type) 4.3.4 (Pressure control switch) 4.3.5 (Automatic alarm) 4.3.6 (Access door) 55.1 1) 2) .2 100% 5.2.1 ()5.2.2 - (pH) 9-11 ()5.2.3 (Total Dissolved Solids-TDS) 3,500 5.3 2 5.3.1 1) 2) 3) (Deminerlization of water) MIXED BED ED-CHANGER 0 20 ppm.4.) (Dealkali) pH 5) (Deaeration) 82 - 88 C 5.3.2 2 1) () (Blowdown) 2) 5.4 5.4.1 1) 2) (1) (2) (TDS) 5.4.2 2 1) 2) 600 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6. 6.1 (Daily check)6.1.1 1) 2) 3) 4) ()5) 6) 7) 8)

Safety Professionals should know enough about boiler room 6.1.2 1) 2) 70% 3) 2 4) 5) 6.2 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 1/16 (~1.6 )6) 7) (Hydrostatic test) .. 8) 9) 10) 7. 2 7.1 2 - 1. 1.1 Ca, Mg, CaCO3,CaSO4 1.1 ,, Condensate 1.2 (Softener) 1.2 Softener 2. 2.1 2.1 ( 5 8 ./) Deminerization Condensate - 3. 3.1 pH 7 HCI, H2SO4 3.1 pH 9 - 11 3.2 CO2 3.2 Dearation 3.3 Oxygen 3.3 De - aration , 3.4 3.4 Aeration, Cation exchange, - 4. 4.1 NaCO3,Na(HCO3),Na(OH3)

4.1 Lime-Soda Softening,Demineri-zation, Anionexchange 4.2 4.2 - 5. ( Carry Over)5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 (Steam Header)5.5 5.6 5.7 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Steam Trap5.5 5.6 5.7 6. ()6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.1 6.2 , 6.3 ( 5 8 ./)6.4 - 7.2 160 200 250 250 1/32 6.25% 80 7.2.1 2 1) Convection Section 2) Radiant Section ( 540 - 590 ) 7.2.2 1) (1) (2) (Miss alignment) (3) (4) 2) (1) (2) / (3) 3) (1) (2) (3) 4) 7.3 7.3.1 7.3.2 7.3.3 7.3.4 7.3.5 7.3.6 7.4 7.4.1

7.4.2 2 1) 3 (Silica gel) (Activated alumina) 5 2) 3 (Na2SO3) (N2H4) 100 ppm (1.5 Na2SO3 N2H4 100 ) (NaOH) 400 ppm. (3 1,000 ) 7.57.5.1 7.5.2 (Confined space) 7.5.3 (Air tools) 7.5.5 7.5.4 3 8. 8.1 (Water level low-low) ..1979 3,000 5 44 8.1.1 (Water level low-low) 8.1.2 (Tube rupture) 8.1.3 (Furnace explosions)8.1.4 (Shell rupture or crack) 8.1.5 (End plate or tube sheet crack) 8.1.6 (Gas explosion) 8.1.7 (Human error) 8.1.8 (Inadequate safety valve)8.2 8.2.1 8.2.2 8.2.3

Safety checks safety 6 12 PPE safety 2 .151-258 . 332 - 2537 . 882 - 2532 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 1.5